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Hong G, Diao S, Antaris AL, Dai H. Carbon Nanomaterials for Biological Imaging and Nanomedicinal Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10816-906. [PMID: 25997028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexander L Antaris
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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52
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Mosconi D, Mazzier D, Silvestrini S, Privitera A, Marega C, Franco L, Moretto A. Synthesis and photochemical applications of processable polymers enclosing photoluminescent carbon quantum dots. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4156-64. [PMID: 25772001 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose convenient routes to produce hybrid-polymers that covalently enclosed, or confined, N-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs). We focus our attention on polyamide, polyurea-urethane, polyester, and polymethylmetacrylate polymers, some of the most common resources used to create everyday materials. These hybrid materials can be easily prepared and processed to obtain macroscopic objects of different shapes, i.e., fibers, transparent sheets, and bulky forms, where the characteristic luminescence properties of the native N-doped CQDs are preserved. More importantly we explore the potential use of these hybrid composites to achieve photochemical reactions as those of photoreduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles (under UV-light), the selective photo-oxidation of benzylalcohol to the benzaldehyde (under vis-light), and the photocatalytic generation of H2 (under UV-light).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Mosconi
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Mazzier
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Silvestrini
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Privitera
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Marega
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franco
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- ‡Polo Fotovoltaico Veneto, University of Padova, Via Trasea 7, 35125 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretto
- †Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- §Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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53
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Song H, Jiang S, Ji D, Zeng X, Zhang N, Liu K, Wang C, Xu Y, Gan Q. Nanocavity absorption enhancement for two-dimensional material monolayer systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7120-7130. [PMID: 25837057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a strategy to enhance the light-matter interaction of two-dimensional (2D) material monolayers based on strong interference effect in planar nanocavities, and overcome the limitation between optical absorption and the atomically-thin thickness of 2D materials. By exploring the role of spacer layers with different thicknesses and refractive indices, we demonstrate that a nanocavity with an air spacer layer placed between a graphene monolayer and an aluminum reflector layer will enhance the exclusive absorption in the graphene monolayer effectively, which is particularly useful for the development of atomically-thin energy harvesting/conversion devices.
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54
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Gao N, Zhou W, Jiang X, Hong G, Fu TM, Lieber CM. General strategy for biodetection in high ionic strength solutions using transistor-based nanoelectronic sensors. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2143-8. [PMID: 25664395 PMCID: PMC4594804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transistor-based nanoelectronic sensors are capable of label-free real-time chemical and biological detection with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, although the short Debye screening length in high ionic strength solutions has made difficult applications relevant to physiological conditions. Here, we describe a new and general strategy to overcome this challenge for field-effect transistor (FET) sensors that involves incorporating a porous and biomolecule permeable polymer layer on the FET sensor. This polymer layer increases the effective screening length in the region immediately adjacent to the device surface and thereby enables detection of biomolecules in high ionic strength solutions in real-time. Studies of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors with additional polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification show that prostate specific antigen (PSA) can be readily detected in solutions with phosphate buffer (PB) concentrations as high as 150 mM, while similar devices without PEG modification only exhibit detectable signals for concentrations ≤10 mM. Concentration-dependent measurements exhibited real-time detection of PSA with a sensitivity of at least 10 nM in 100 mM PB with linear response up to the highest (1000 nM) PSA concentrations tested. The current work represents an important step toward general application of transistor-based nanoelectronic detectors for biochemical sensing in physiological environments and is expected to open up exciting opportunities for in vitro and in vivo biological sensing relevant to basic biology research through medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Corresponding Author
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55
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Cao Q, Han SJ, Penumatcha AV, Frank MM, Tulevski GS, Tersoff J, Haensch WE. Origins and characteristics of the threshold voltage variability of quasiballistic single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1936-1944. [PMID: 25652208 DOI: 10.1021/nn506839p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrascaled transistors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes are identified as one of the top candidates for future microprocessor chips as they provide significantly better device performance and scaling properties than conventional silicon technologies. From the perspective of the chip performance, the device variability is as important as the device performance for practical applications. This paper presents a systematic investigation on the origins and characteristics of the threshold voltage (VT) variability of scaled quasiballistic nanotube transistors. Analysis of experimental results from variable-temperature measurement as well as gate oxide thickness scaling studies shows that the random variation from fixed charges present on the oxide surface close to nanotubes dominates the VT variability of nanotube transistors. The VT variability of single-tube transistors has a figure of merit that is quantitatively comparable with that of current silicon devices; and it could be reduced with the adoption of improved device passivation schemes, which might be necessary for practical devices incorporating multiple nanotubes, whose area normalized VT variability becomes worse due to the synergic effects from the limited surface coverage of nanotubes and the nonlinearity of the device off-state leakage current, as predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
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56
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Ruan Z, Qin J, Li Z. The partially controllable growth trend of carbon nanoparticles in solid-state pyrolysis of organometallic precursor by introducing POSS units, and their magnetic properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic compounds T (without POSS unit) and PT (containing three POSS units) are synthesized for solid-state pyrolysis. When increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the precursors with and without POSS unit show opposite growth trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Ruan
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jingui Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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57
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Iost RM, Crespilho FN, Zuccaro L, Yu HK, Wodtke AM, Kern K, Balasubramanian K. Enhancing the Electrochemical and Electronic Performance of CVD-Grown Graphene by Minimizing Trace Metal Impurities. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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58
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Oliveira ON, Iost RM, Siqueira JR, Crespilho FN, Caseli L. Nanomaterials for diagnosis: challenges and applications in smart devices based on molecular recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14745-66. [PMID: 24968359 DOI: 10.1021/am5015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis has always been dependent on the efficient immobilization of biomolecules in solid matrices with preserved activity, but significant developments have taken place in recent years with the increasing control of molecular architecture in organized films. Of particular importance is the synergy achieved with distinct materials such as nanoparticles, antibodies, enzymes, and other nanostructures, forming structures organized on the nanoscale. In this review, emphasis will be placed on nanomaterials for biosensing based on molecular recognition, where the recognition element may be an enzyme, DNA, RNA, catalytic antibody, aptamer, and labeled biomolecule. All of these elements may be assembled in nanostructured films, whose layer-by-layer nature is essential for combining different properties in the same device. Sensing can be done with a number of optical, electrical, and electrochemical methods, which may also rely on nanostructures for enhanced performance, as is the case of reporting nanoparticles in bioelectronics devices. The successful design of such devices requires investigation of interface properties of functionalized surfaces, for which a variety of experimental and theoretical methods have been used. Because diagnosis involves the acquisition of large amounts of data, statistical and computational methods are now in widespread use, and one may envisage an integrated expert system where information from different sources may be mined to generate the diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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59
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Byers J, Güell AG, Unwin PR. Nanoscale electrocatalysis: visualizing oxygen reduction at pristine, kinked, and oxidized sites on individual carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11252-5. [PMID: 25061694 PMCID: PMC4140457 DOI: 10.1021/ja505708y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a prevailing and widely adopted view that carbon nanotubes, which are finding considerable application in energy, healthcare, and electronics applications, are highly (electro)catalytically inert unless modified, doped, or defected. By visualizing the electrochemical reduction of oxygen (hydrogen peroxide generation) at high resolution along pristine (defect-free) regions of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes, we show that there is, in fact, significant activity comparable to that of standard gold electrocatalysts. Moreover, the activity is greatly enhanced at strained (kinked) sites and regions modified by oxidation. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are thus effective electrocatalysts in their own right and not just supports for other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
C. Byers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Aleix G. Güell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
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