51
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Kadumudi FB, Hasany M, Pierchala MK, Jahanshahi M, Taebnia N, Mehrali M, Mitu CF, Shahbazi MA, Zsurzsan TG, Knott A, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. The Manufacture of Unbreakable Bionics via Multifunctional and Self-Healing Silk-Graphene Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100047. [PMID: 34247417 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of transmitting signals over longer distances than those in rigid electronics can open new opportunities for humanity by mimicking the way tissues propagate information. For seamless mirroring of the human body, they also have to display conformability to its curvilinear architecture, as well as, reproducing native-like mechanical and electrical properties combined with the ability to self-heal on demand like native organs and tissues. Along these lines, a multifunctional composite is developed by mixing silk fibroin and reduced graphene oxide. The material is coined "CareGum" and capitalizes on a phenolic glue to facilitate sacrificial and hierarchical hydrogen bonds. The hierarchal bonding scheme gives rise to high mechanical toughness, record-breaking elongation capacity of ≈25 000%, excellent conformability to arbitrary and complex surfaces, 3D printability, a tenfold increase in electrical conductivity, and a fourfold increase in Young's modulus compared to its pristine counterpart. By taking advantage of these unique properties, a durable and self-healing bionic glove is developed for hand gesture sensing and sign translation. Indeed, CareGum is a new advanced material with promising applications in fields like cyborganics, bionics, soft robotics, human-machine interfaces, 3D-printed electronics, and flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Masoud Hasany
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nayere Taebnia
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Cristian Florian Mitu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Tiberiu-Gabriel Zsurzsan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Arnold Knott
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Wei H, Kong D, Li T, Xue Q, Wang S, Cui D, Huang Y, Wang L, Hu S, Wan T, Yang G. Solution-Processable Conductive Composite Hydrogels with Multiple Synergetic Networks toward Wearable Pressure/Strain Sensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2938-2951. [PMID: 34328311 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible, flexible, yet robust conductive composite hydrogel (CCH) for wearable pressure/strain sensors has been achieved by an all-solution-based approach. The CCH is rationally constructed by in situ polymerization of aniline (An) monomers in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, followed by the cross-linking of PVA with glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linker. The unique multiple synergetic networks in the CCH including strong chemical covalent bonds and abundance of weak physical cross-links, i.e., hydrogen bondings and electrostatic interactions, impart excellent mechanical strength (a fracture tensile strength of 1200 kPa), superior compressibility (ε = 80%@400 kPa), outstanding stretchability (a fracture strain of 670%), high sensitivity (0.62 kPa-1 at a pressure range of 0-1.0 kPa for pressure sensing and a gauge factor of 3.4 at a strain range of 0-300% for strain sensing, respectively), and prominent fatigue resistance (1500 cycling). As the flexible wearable sensor, the CCH is able to monitor different types of human motion and diagnostically distinguish speaking. As a proof of concept, a sensing device has been designed for the real-time detection of 2D distribution of weight or pressure, suggesting its promising potentials for electronic skin, human-machine interaction, and soft robot applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Deshuo Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qizhou Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dapeng Cui
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sanming Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tong Wan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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53
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Beaumont M, Jusner P, Gierlinger N, King AWT, Potthast A, Rojas OJ, Rosenau T. Unique reactivity of nanoporous cellulosic materials mediated by surface-confined water. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2513. [PMID: 33947852 PMCID: PMC8097012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable efficiency of chemical reactions is the result of biological evolution, often involving confined water. Meanwhile, developments of bio-inspired systems, which exploit the potential of such water, have been so far rather complex and cumbersome. Here we show that surface-confined water, inherently present in widely abundant and renewable cellulosic fibres can be utilised as nanomedium to endow a singular chemical reactivity. Compared to surface acetylation in the dry state, confined water increases the reaction rate and efficiency by 8 times and 30%, respectively. Moreover, confined water enables control over chemical accessibility of selected hydroxyl groups through the extent of hydration, allowing regioselective reactions, a major challenge in cellulose modification. The reactions mediated by surface-confined water are sustainable and largely outperform those occurring in organic solvents in terms of efficiency and environmental compatibility. Our results demonstrate the unexploited potential of water bound to cellulosic nanostructures in surface esterifications, which can be extended to a wide range of other nanoporous polymeric structures and reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Paul Jusner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alistair W T King
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Anae J, Ahmad N, Kumar V, Thakur VK, Gutierrez T, Yang XJ, Cai C, Yang Z, Coulon F. Recent advances in biochar engineering for soil contaminated with complex chemical mixtures: Remediation strategies and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144351. [PMID: 33453509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have caused serious environmental problems, compromised agriculture quality, and have detrimental effects on all forms of life including humans. There is a need to develop appropriate and effective remediation methods to resolve combined contaminated problems. Although conventional technologies exist to tackle contaminated soils, application of biochar as an effective renewable adsorbent for enhanced bioremediation is considered by many scientific researchers as a promising strategy to mitigate HM/PAH co-contaminated soils. This review aims to: (i) provide an overview of biochar preparation and its application, and (ii) critically discuss and examine the prospects of (bio)engineered biochar for enhancing HMs/PAHs co-remediation efficacy by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. The adsorption effectiveness of a biochar largely depends on the type of biomass material, carbonisation method and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar induced soil immobilise and remove metal ions via various mechanisms including electrostatic attractions, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. PAHs remediation mechanisms are achieved via pore filling, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and partitioning. During last decade, biochar engineering (modification) via biological and chemical approaches to enhance contaminant removal efficiency has garnered greater interests. Hence, the development and application of (bio)engineered biochars in risk management, contaminant management associated with HM/PAH co-contaminated soil. In terms of (bio)engineered biochar, we review the prospects of amalgamating biochar with hydrogel, digestate and bioaugmentation to produce biochar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Anae
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK; Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
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55
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Baniasadi H, Ajdary R, Trifol J, Rojas OJ, Seppälä J. Direct ink writing of aloe vera/cellulose nanofibrils bio-hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118114. [PMID: 34044931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct-ink-writing (DIW) of hydrogels has become an attractive research area due to its capability to fabricate intricate, complex, and highly customizable structures at ambient conditions for various applications, including biomedical purposes. In the current study, cellulose nanofibrils reinforced aloe vera bio-hydrogels were utilized to develop 3D geometries through the DIW technique. The hydrogels revealed excellent viscoelastic properties enabled extruding thin filaments through a nozzle with a diameter of 630 μm. Accordingly, the lattice structures were printed precisely with a suitable resolution. The 3D-printed structures demonstrated significant wet stability due to the high aspect ratio of the nano- and microfibrils cellulose, reinforced the hydrogels, and protected the shape from extensive shrinkage upon drying. Furthermore, all printed samples had a porosity higher than 80% and a high-water uptake capacity of up to 46 g/g. Altogether, these fully bio-based, porous, and wet stable 3D structures might have an opportunity in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jon Trifol
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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56
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Harada N, Mitsukami Y, Uyama H. Preparation and characterization of water-swellable hydrogel-forming porous cellulose beads. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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57
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Li T, Chen C, Brozena AH, Zhu JY, Xu L, Driemeier C, Dai J, Rojas OJ, Isogai A, Wågberg L, Hu L. Developing fibrillated cellulose as a sustainable technological material. Nature 2021; 590:47-56. [PMID: 33536649 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, found in trees, waste from agricultural crops and other biomass. The fibres that comprise cellulose can be broken down into building blocks, known as fibrillated cellulose, of varying, controllable dimensions that extend to the nanoscale. Fibrillated cellulose is harvested from renewable resources, so its sustainability potential combined with its other functional properties (mechanical, optical, thermal and fluidic, for example) gives this nanomaterial unique technological appeal. Here we explore the use of fibrillated cellulose in the fabrication of materials ranging from composites and macrofibres, to thin films, porous membranes and gels. We discuss research directions for the practical exploitation of these structures and the remaining challenges to overcome before fibrillated cellulose materials can reach their full potential. Finally, we highlight some key issues towards successful manufacturing scale-up of this family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lixian Xu
- Sappi Biotech, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Driemeier
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Inventwood LLC, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Akira Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. .,Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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58
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Rajabi-Abhari A, Kim JN, Lee J, Tabassian R, Mahato M, Youn HJ, Lee H, Oh IK. Diatom Bio-Silica and Cellulose Nanofibril for Bio-Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Breath Monitoring Masks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:219-232. [PMID: 33375776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of biodegradable and biocompatible materials to triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for harvesting energy from motions of the human body has been attracting significant research interest. Herein, we report diatom bio-silica as a biomaterial additive to enhance the output performance of cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-based TENGs. Diatom frustules (DFs), which are tribopositive bio-silica having hierarchically porous three-dimensional structures and high surface area, have hydrogen bonds with CNFs, resulting in enhanced electron-donating capability and a more roughened surface of the DF-CNF composite film. Hence, DFs were applied to form a tribopositive composite film with CNFs. The DF-CNF biocomposite film is mechanically strong, electron-rich, low-cost, and frictionally rough. The DF-CNF TENG showed an output voltage of 388 V and time-averaged power of 85.5 mW/m2 in the contact-separation mode with an efficient contact area of 4.9 cm2, and the generated power was sufficient for instantaneous illumination of 102 light-emitting diodes. In addition, a cytotoxicity study and biocompatibility tests on rabbit skin suggested that the DF-CNF composite was biologically safe. Moreover, a practical application of the DF-CNF TENG was examined with a self-powered smart mask for human breathing monitoring. This study not only suggests high output performance of biomaterial-based TENGs but also presents the diverse advantages of the DFs in human body-related applications such as self-powered health monitoring masks, skin-attachable power generators, and tactile feedback systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Rajabi-Abhari
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rassoul Tabassian
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Youn
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Chen C, Song J, Cheng J, Pang Z, Gan W, Chen G, Kuang Y, Huang H, Ray U, Li T, Hu L. Highly Elastic Hydrated Cellulosic Materials with Durable Compressibility and Tunable Conductivity. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16723-16734. [PMID: 32806053 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic cellular materials with direction-dependent structure and durable mechanical properties enable various applications (e.g., nanofluidics, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, and water purification), but their widespread use is often hindered by complex and scale-limited fabrication and unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Here, inspired by the anisotropic and hierarchical material structure of tendons, we demonstrate a facile, scalable top-down approach for fabricating a highly elastic, ionically conductive, anisotropic cellulosic material (named elastic wood) directly from natural wood via chemical treatment. The resulting elastic wood demonstrates good elasticity and durable compressibility, showing no sign of fatigue after 10 000 compression cycles. The chemical treatment not only softens the wood cell walls by partially removing lignin and hemicellulose but introduces an interconnected cellulose fibril network into the wood channels. Atomistic and continuum modeling further reveals that the absorbed water can freely and reversibly move inside the elastic wood and therefore helps the elastic wood accommodate large compressive deformation and recover to its original shape upon compression release. In addition, the elastic wood showed a high ionic conductivity of up to 0.5 mS cm-1 at a low KCl concentration of 10-4 M, which can be tuned by changing the compression ratio of the material. The demonstrated elastic, mechanically robust, and ionically conductive cellulosic material combining inherited anisotropic cellular structure from natural wood and a self-formed internal gel may find a variety of potential applications in ionic nanofluidics, sensors, soft robots, artificial muscle, environmental remediation, and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jianwei Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wentao Gan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gegu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yudi Kuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Upamanyu Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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60
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Nishiguchi A, Taguchi T. Engineering an Injectable Tough Tissue Adhesive through Nanocellulose Reinforcement. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:9093-9100. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nishiguchi
- Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Taguchi
- Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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61
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Bai L, Huan S, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Esquena J, Chen F, Gao G, Zussman E, Chu G, Rojas OJ. All-Aqueous Liquid Crystal Nanocellulose Emulsions with Permeable Interfacial Assembly. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13380-13390. [PMID: 32946222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of water-in-water liquid crystal emulsions with permeable colloidal assemblies. Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) spontaneously self-assemble into a helical arrangement with the coexistence of nonionic, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran, whereas the two polymer solutions are thermodynamically incompatible. Stable water-in-water emulsions are easily prepared by mixing the respective CNC/polymer solutions, showing micrometric CNC/PEG dispersed droplets and a continuous CNC/dextran phase. With time, the resulting emulsion demixes into an upper, droplet-lean isotropic phase and a bottom, droplet-rich cholesteric phase. Owing to the osmotic pressure gradient between PEG and dextran phases, target transfer of cellulose nanoparticles occurs across the water/water interface to reassemble into a liquid crystal-in-liquid crystal emulsion with global cholesteric organization. The observed structural, optical, and temporal evolution confirm that the colloidal particles in the two immiscible phases experience short-range interactions and form long-range assemblies across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bin Zhao
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ya Zhu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jordi Esquena
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Feng Chen
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Guang Gao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eyal Zussman
- NanoEngineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Guang Chu
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Penttilä PA, Paajanen A, Ketoja JA. Combining scattering analysis and atomistic simulation of wood-water interactions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117064. [PMID: 33142616 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-scale interactions between water and cellulose microfibril bundles in plant cell walls are not fully understood, despite their crucial role for many applications of plant biomass. Recent advances in X-ray and neutron scattering analysis allow more accurate interpretation of experimental data from wood cell walls. At the same time, microfibril bundles including hemicelluloses and water can be modelled at atomistic resolution. Computing scattering patterns from atomistic models enables a new, complementary approach to decipher some of the most fundamental questions at this level of the hierarchical cell wall structure. This article introduces studies related to moisture behavior of wood with small/wide-angle X-ray/neutron scattering and atomistic simulations, recent attempts to combine these two approaches, and perspectives and open questions for future research using this powerful combination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities of the combined method in relation to applications of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paavo A Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Antti Paajanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Jukka A Ketoja
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
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Kim D, Jeong J, Ryu JA, Choi SR, Lee JM, Bunch H. In Vitro Evaluation of Lignin-Containing Nanocellulose. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153365. [PMID: 32751221 PMCID: PMC7435712 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing importance of environmental sustainability has led to the development of new materials that are environmentally friendly, functional, and cost-effective. Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials are a common example of these. The advantages of lignocelluloses include their renewability, sustainability, and functionality combined with molecular rigidity and enhanced hydrophobicity. In order to valorize these beneficial traits from lignin-containing nanocellulose, various approaches have been examined in industrial applications. However, the safety of these materials has not been tested or validated in humans. In this study, we tested 21 wt% lignin-containing nanocellulose (L-MFC) in vitro using the human lung and kidney cell lines, H460 and HEK293 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin was compared using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assays. In addition, the gene expressions of HSP70 and HSP90 as cellular stress markers treated with cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Our data indicated little cytotoxicity for cellulose and significant cytotoxicity for lignin and a relatively low level of cytotoxicity for L-MFC, providing the lethal median concentration (LC50) values of L-MFC and lignin. The gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 was little affected by moderate concentrations of L-MFC. Interestingly, the lignin contained in L-MFC influenced the cell viability and the gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 less than the same amount of lignin alone. These results indicate that L-MFC displays cell-type-dependent sensitivity and suggest that L-MFC could serve as a new eco-friendly material that is relatively safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Kim
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jaehyeon Jeong
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji-Ae Ryu
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sa Rang Choi
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Jung Myoung Lee
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (H.B.)
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