51
|
Advancing biomedical applications via manipulating intersystem crossing. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
52
|
Cao H, Gao H, Wang L, Cheng Y, Wu X, Shen X, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhan P, Liu J, Li Z, Kong D, Shi Y, Ding D, Wang Y. Biosynthetic Dendritic Cell-Exocytosed Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photodynamic Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13992-14006. [PMID: 35960889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (DEVs) are recognized as a highly promising alternative to DC vaccines; however, the clinical testing of DEV-based immunotherapy has shown limited therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we develop a straightforward strategy in which DCs serve as a cell reactor to exocytose high-efficient DEV-mimicking aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoparticles (DEV-AIE NPs) at a scaled-up yield for synergistic photodynamic immunotherapy. Exocytosed DEV-AIE NPs inherit not only the immune-modulation proteins from parental DCs, enabling T cell activation, but also the loaded AIE-photosensitizer MBPN-TCyP, inducing superior immunogenic cell death (ICD) by selectively accumulating in the mitochondria of tumor cells. Eventually, DEV-AIE synergistic photodynamic immunotherapy elicits dramatic immune responses and efficient eradication of primary tumors, distant tumors, and tumor metastases. In addition, cancer stem cells (CSCs) in 4T1 and CT26 solid tumors were significantly inhibited by the immune functional DEV-AIE NPs. Our work presents a facile method for the cellular generation of EV-biomimetic NPs and demonstrates that the integration of DEVs and AIE photosensitizers is a powerful direction for the production of clinical anticancer nanovaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Heqi Gao
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoli Wu
- Tianjin University School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | | | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Panpan Zhan
- Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuebing Wang
- Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhang M, Jin X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Tang BZ. A Self-Reporting Fluorescent Salicylaldehyde-Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Type-II ICD Inducer for Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205701. [PMID: 35863361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate the anticancer immune response and is highly attractive to improve cancer treatment efficacy. ICD is closely related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a series of ICD inducers has recently been reported based on ER-targeted photodynamic/photothermal agents or metal complexes. However, these ER-targeted ICD inducers suffer from complicated synthesis and heavy-metal cytotoxicity. Inspired by the promising clinical potential of small organic molecules, herein, an ER-targeted fluorescent self-reporting ICD inducer, SA-Cbl, is developed by simple conjugation of the chemotherapeutic drug chlorambucil (Cbl) with salicylaldehyde (SA). SA-Cbl can selectively accumulate in the ER to induce rapid ROS generation and an unfolded protein response process, which leads to a fast release of damage-associated molecular patterns and efficient dendritic cells maturation. Meanwhile, the ER-targeted accumulation and ER-stress-inducing process can be in situ monitored based on the turn-on fluorescence of SA-Cbl, which is highly pH- and polarity-sensitive and can selectively interact with ER proteins. Compared with the traditional chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, the superior anticancer immunity effect of SA-Cbl is verified via an in vivo tumor model. This study thus provides a new strategy for developing fluorescent self-reporting ICD inducers by decoration of chemotherapeutic drugs with pH and polarity-sensitive organic fluorophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ren G, Wang Z, Tian Y, Li J, Ma Y, Zhou L, Zhang C, Guo L, Diao H, Li L, Lu L, Ma S, Wu Z, Yan L, Liu W. Targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy toward esophageal cancer by GSH-sensitive theranostic nanoplatform. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
55
|
Vázquez-Villar V, Tolosa J, García-Martínez JC. AIE-dots of amphiphilic oligostyrylbenzenes: Encapsulation and release monitored via FRET. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
56
|
Qi J, Jia S, Kang X, Wu X, Hong Y, Shan K, Kong X, Wang Z, Ding D. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Surface-Mimicking Protein Secondary Structure as Lysosome-Targeting Chimaeras for Self-Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203309. [PMID: 35704513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention for tumor treatment, but the efficacy is greatly hindered by insufficient tumor-infiltration of immune cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The strategy that can efficiently activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inhibit negative immune regulators will greatly amplify immunotherapy outcome, which is however very rare. Herein, a new kind of semiconducting polymer (SP) nanoparticles is developed, featured with surface-mimicking protein secondary structure (SPSS NPs) for self-synergistic cancer immunotherapy by combining immunogenic cell death (ICD) and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The SPs with excellent photodynamic property are synthesized by rational fluorination, which can massively induce ICD. Additionally, the peptide antagonists are introduced and self-assembled into β-sheet protein secondary structures on the photodynamic NP surface via preparation process optimization, which function as efficient lysosome-targeting chimaeras (LYTACs) to mediate the degradation of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in lysosome. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SPSS NPs can not only elicit strong antitumor immunity to suppress both primary tumor and distant tumor, but also evoke long-term immunological memory against tumor rechallenge. This work introduces a new kind of robust immunotherapy agents by combining well-designed photosensitizer-based ICD induction and protein secondary structures-mediated LYTAC-like multivalence PD-L1 blockade, rendering great promise for synergistic immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoying Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Ke Shan
- Shandong Artificial intelligence Institute and Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Shandong Artificial intelligence Institute and Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Yang L, Zhu Y, Liang L, Wang C, Ning X, Feng X. Self-Assembly of Intelligent Nanoplatform for Endogenous H 2S-Triggered Multimodal Cascade Therapy of Colon Cancer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4207-4214. [PMID: 35532346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The specific in situ generation and activation of therapeutic agents with high spatiotemporal precision is expected to revolutionize cancer treatment. Here, we develop an intelligent nanoplatform (termed as NP-Cu), which is constructed by assembling photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), hypoxia-responsive prodrug banoxantrone (AQ4N) with clickable dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) functionalized lysine (D-K), and cyclen-Cu2+ complex, for improving combination anticancer therapy. Cyclen-Cu2+ complex-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) quenching in NP-Cu can be effectively and selectively activated by tumor-overproduced hydrogen sulfide (H2S). More importantly, the reaction of endogenous H2S with Cu2+ can generate photothermal agent copper sulfide (CuS) for photothermal therapy (PTT). Furthermore, with the activation of PTT and PDT, intracellular hypoxic stress is amplified to trigger AQ4N-associated chemodynamic therapy (CDT), leading to light-enhanced cascade therapy of PDT, PTT and CDT. Therefore, we present a simple and practical strategy for developing pathological stimuli responsive combination therapy, which has the potential of advancing precision cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Liuqing Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xuli Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Padmakumar A, Koyande NP, Rengan AK. The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics – A review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Padmakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Navami Prabhakar Koyande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wei X, Wang H, Si N, Yang J, Zhao Q, Bian B, Zhao H. Advanced nanomedicines for the regulation of cancer metabolism. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
60
|
Dai J, Chen Z, Wang S, Xia F, Lou X. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles as effective and biocompatible platform: Either autologous or allogeneic erythrocyte-derived. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100279. [PMID: 35601893 PMCID: PMC9119842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
61
|
Core-shell structured nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy-based cancer treatment and related imaging. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
62
|
A peptide-AIEgen nanocomposite mediated whole cancer immunity cycle-cascade amplification for improved immunotherapy of tumor. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
63
|
Zhang T, Yang Y, Huang L, Liu Y, Chong G, Yin W, Dong H, Li Y, Li Y. Biomimetic and Materials-Potentiated Cell Engineering for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040734. [PMID: 35456568 PMCID: PMC9024915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, immune cells are the main force for tumor eradication. However, they appear to be dysfunctional due to the taming of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recently, many materials-engineered strategies are proposed to enhance the anti-tumor effect of immune cells. These strategies either utilize biomimetic materials, as building blocks to construct inanimate entities whose functions are similar to natural living cells, or engineer immune cells with functional materials, to potentiate their anti-tumor effects. In this review, we will summarize these advanced strategies in different cell types, as well as discussing the prospects of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yushan Yang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gaowei Chong
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weimin Yin
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-021-659-819-52 (H.D. & Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-021-659-819-52 (H.D. & Y.L.)
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
A Novel Fluoro-Pyrazine-Bridged Donor-Accepter-Donor Fluorescent Probe for Lipid Droplet-Specific Imaging in Diverse Cells and Superoxide Anion Generation. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1205-1214. [PMID: 35237921 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles which associated with many metabolic processes. Reliable long-term imaging of LD is of great importance in LD-based therapy and research. Conventional fluorescent probes suffer from poor photostability and difficulty of preparation, which compromise their LD imaging ability. In this study, we aim to provide a novel and universal fluorescent probe for LD-specific imaging in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The versatile and potential applications of the probe were also evaluated. METHODS We used one-step Suzuki coupling reaction to synthesize a fluoro-pyrazine-bridged donor-acceptor-donor fluorescent probe (T-FP-T). The fluorescent properties and stability of T-FP-T were detected. Then, LD-specific imaging and dynamic movement tracking capabilities of T-FP-T were studied in fungus, bacteria, plant and animal tissues. The biosafety and photodynamic toxicity of the probe under different light irradiation were characterized. RESULTS T-FP-T showed large Stokes shift, superior brightness, excellent photostability, low toxicity. T-FP-T exhibited significant overlaps with adipophilin antibody or the commercial LD probe (LipidSpot™) in the cytoplasm, but not with Mitotracker red, Lysotracker red and Peroxisome Labeling dye. Moreover, T-FP-T also showed efficient superoxide anion generation capability under white LED light irradiation. The viability of Hela cells co-treated with T-FP-T and 1-h white LED light irradiation decreased to 62%. CONCLUSIONS All these outstanding capabilities make T-FP-T a new efficient LD-specific imaging probe. The generated superoxide anion from T-FP-T under white LED light irradiation could cause obvious cell death, which will inspire broad study in LD-targeted photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
|
65
|
Tang H, Qu X, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang S, Xu Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Yang J, Yuan WE, Yue B. Photosensitizer Nanodot Eliciting Immunogenicity for Photo-Immunologic Therapy of Postoperative Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Secondary Recurrence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107300. [PMID: 34865257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of postoperative infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has become an intractable clinical challenge owing to its low therapeutic efficacy and high risk of recurrence. Apart from imperfect antibacterial therapies, induction of insufficient immunogenicity, required for the successful clearance of a pathogen, may also contribute to the problem. Herein, an ultra-micro photosensitizer, AgB nanodots, using photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and Ag+ ion sterilization, are utilized to efficiently clear invading MRSA both in vitro and in vivo. AgB nanodots are also found to upregulate host immunogenicity in a murine model and establish immunological memory by promoting the upregulated expression of danger signals that are commonly induced by stress-related responses, including sudden temperature spikes or excess reactive oxygen production. These stimulations boost the antibacterial effects of macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, or even memory B cells, which is usually defined as infection-related immunogenic cell death. Hence, the proposed AgB nanodot strategy may offer a novel platform for the effective treatment of postoperative infection while providing a systematic immunotherapeutic strategy to combat persistent infections, thereby markedly reducing the incidence of recurrence following recovery from primary infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang Z, Kang M, Tan H, Song N, Li M, Xiao P, Yan D, Zhang L, Wang D, Tang BZ. The fast-growing field of photo-driven theranostics based on aggregation-induced emission. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1983-2030. [PMID: 35226010 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photo-driven theranostics, also known as phototheranostics, relying on the diverse excited-state energy conversions of theranostic agents upon photoexcitation represents a significant branch of theranostics, which ingeniously integrate diagnostic imaging and therapeutic interventions into a single formulation. The combined merits of photoexcitation and theranostics endow photo-driven theranostics with numerous superior features. The applications of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), a particular category of fluorophores, in the field of photo-driven theranostics have been intensively studied by virtue of their versatile advantageous merits of favorable biocompatibility, tuneable photophysical properties, unique aggregation-enhanced theranostic (AET) features, ideal AET-favored on-site activation ability and ready construction of one-for-all multimodal theranostics. This review summarised the significant achievements of photo-driven theranostics based on AIEgens, which were detailedly elaborated and classified by their diverse theranostic modalities into three groups: fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy, photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal therapy, and multi-modality theranostics. Particularly, the tremendous advantages and individual design strategies of AIEgens in pursuit of high-performance photosensitizing output, high photothermal conversion and multimodal function capability by adjusting the excited-state energy dissipation pathways are emphasized in each section. In addition to highlighting AIEgens as promising templates for modulating energy dissipation in the application of photo-driven theranostics, current challenges and opportunities in this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hui Tan
- Pneumology Department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China
| | - Nan Song
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Peihong Xiao
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Dingyuan Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- Pneumology Department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wu CJ, Li XY, Zhu T, Zhao M, Song Z, Li S, Shan GG, Niu G. Exploiting the Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect to Construct a Wash-Free Solvatochromic Fluorescent Lipid Droplet Probe for Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3881-3887. [PMID: 35192331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prominent pathological feature of fatty liver disease lesions is excessive fat accumulation in lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Thus, developing fluorescent lipid droplet-specific probes with high permeability and a high imaging contrast provides a robust tool for diagnosing fatty liver diseases. Herein, we rationally developed a novel donor-acceptor lipophilic fluorescent probe ANI with high photostability for wash-free visualization of lipid droplets and fatty liver disease characteristics. ANI showed a typical twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect with very faint fluorescence in high-polar solvents, but dramatically boosted emissions in low-polar environments. The solvatochromic probe can selectively light up lipid droplets with a high contrast in a wash-free manner. Further use of ANI to reveal the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets with a significantly large size in the liver tissues from the fatty liver disease model mice was successfully demonstrated. The remarkable imaging performances rendered ANI an alternative tool for accurately evaluating fatty liver disease in intraoperative diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyue Song
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Emerging photodynamic nanotherapeutics for inducing immunogenic cell death and potentiating cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
69
|
Zhou S, Li R, Li Y, Wang Y, Feng L. A tailored and red-emissive type I photosensitizer to potentiate photodynamic immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8003-8012. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) emerges and shows great potentials in eradicating malignant tumors for the advantages on simultaneously damaging primary tumors, inhibiting tumors metastasis and recurrence. However, hypoxic microenvironment of tumor...
Collapse
|
70
|
Jia S, Yuan H, Hu R. Design and Structural Regulation of AIE photosensitizers for imaging-guided photodynamic anti-tumor application. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4443-4457. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become one of the important therapeutic methods for treating cancer. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (PSs) overcome the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects of conventional...
Collapse
|
71
|
Wang HP, Chen X, Qi YL, Huang LW, Wang CX, Ding D, Xue X. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-guided dynamic assembly for disease imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114028. [PMID: 34736987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is inseparable from molecular aggregation and self-assembly. Therefore, the combination of AIE and supramolecular self-assembly is well-matched. AIE-guided dynamic assembly (AGDA) could effectively respond to the endogenous stimuli (such as pH, enzymes, redox molecules) and exogenous stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasound) in the disease microenvironment, so as to achieve specific imaging and diagnosis of the disease lesions. Moreover, AGDA also dynamically adjust the intramolecular motions of AIE molecules, thereby adjusting the energy dissipation pathways and realizing the switch between photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for superior therapeutic effects. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the constructing strategies, stimuli-responsive imaging, regulation of intramolecular motion of AGDA in recent years, which is expected to grasp the research status and striving directions of AGDA for imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hao W, Cui Y, Fan Y, Chen M, Yang G, Wang Y, Yang M, Li Z, Gong W, Yang Y, Gao C. Hybrid membrane-coated nanosuspensions for multi-modal anti-glioma therapy via drug and antigen delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:378. [PMID: 34801032 PMCID: PMC8606100 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is one of the deadliest human cancers. Although many therapeutic strategies for glioma have been explored, these strategies are seldom used in the clinic. The challenges facing the treatment of glioma not only involve the development of chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic agents, but also the lack of a powerful platform that could deliver these two moieties to the targeted sites. Herein, we developed chemoimmunotherapy delivery vehicles based on C6 cell membranes and DC membranes to create hybrid membrane-coated DTX nanosuspensions (DNS-[C6&DC]m). RESULTS Results demonstrated successful hybrid membrane fusion and nanosuspension functionalization, and DNS-[C6&DC]m could be used for different modes of anti-glioma therapy. For drug delivery, membrane coating could be applied to target the source cancer cells via a homotypic-targeting mechanism of the C6 cell membrane. For cancer immunotherapy, biomimetic nanosuspension enabled an immune response based on the professional antigen-presenting characteristic of the dendritic cell membrane (DCm), which carry the full array of cancer cell membrane antigens and facilitate the uptake of membrane-bound tumor antigens for efficient presentation and downstream immune n. CONCLUSION DNS-[C6&DC]m is a multifunctional biomimetic nano-drug delivery system with the potential to treat gliomas through tumor-targeted drug delivery combined with immunotherapy, thereby presenting a promising approach that may be utilized for multiple modes of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Zhang Y, Du X, Liu S, Yan H, Ji J, Xi Y, Yang X, Zhai G. NIR-triggerable ROS-responsive cluster-bomb-like nanoplatform for enhanced tumor penetration, phototherapy efficiency and antitumor immunity. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121135. [PMID: 34562837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The restricted tumor penetration has been regarded as the Achilles' Heels of most nanomedicines, largely limiting their efficacy. To address this challenge, a cluster-bomb-like nanoplatform named CPIM is prepared, which for the first time combines size-transforming and transcytosis strategies, thus enhancing both passive and active transport. For passive diffusion, the "cluster-bomb" CPIM (135 nm) releases drug-loaded "bomblets" (IR780/1-methyl-tryptophan (1 MT) loaded PAMAM, <10 nm) in response to the high reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) concentration in tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes intratumoral diffusion. Besides, IR780 generates ROS upon NIR irradiation and intensifies this responsiveness; therefore, there exists a NIR-triggered self-destructive behavior, rendering CPIM spatiotemporal controllability. For active transport, the nanoplatform is proven to be delivered via transcytosis with/without NIR irradiation. Regarding the anti-cancer performance, CPIM strengthens the photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) activity of IR780 and IDO pathway inhibition effect of 1 MT, thus exhibiting a strongest inhibitory effect on primary tumor. CPIM also optimally induces immunogenic cell death, reverses the "cold" TME to a "hot" one and evokes systemic immune response, thus exerting an abscopal and anti-metastasis effects. In conclusion, this work provides a facile, simple yet effective strategy to enhance the tumor penetration, tumor-killing effect and antitumor immunity of nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiyou Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shangui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Huixian Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yanwei Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|