51
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Salvatore MF, McInnis TR, Cantu MA, Apple DM, Pruett BS. Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition in Substantia Nigra Decreases Movement Frequency. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2728-2740. [PMID: 30056575 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduced movement frequency or physical activity (bradykinesia) occurs with high prevalence in the elderly. However, loss of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in aging humans, non-human primates, or rodents does not reach the ~ 80% loss threshold associated with bradykinesia onset in Parkinson's disease. Moderate striatal dopamine (DA) loss, either following TH inhibition or decreased TH expression, may not affect movement frequency. In contrast, moderate DA or TH loss in the substantia nigra (SN), as occurs in aging, is of similar magnitude (~ 40%) to nigral TH loss at bradykinesia onset in Parkinson's disease. In aged rats, increased TH expression and DA in SN alone increases movement frequency, suggesting aging-related TH and DA loss in the SN contributes to aging-related bradykinesia or decreased physical activity. To test this hypothesis, the SN was targeted with bilateral guide cannula in young (6 months old) rats, in a within-subjects design, to evaluate the impact of nigral TH inhibition on movement frequency and speed. The TH inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) reduced nigral DA (~ 40%) 45-150 min following infusion, without affecting DA in striatum, nucleus accumbens, or adjacent ventral tegmental area. Locomotor activity in the open-field was recorded up to 3 h following nigral saline or AMPT infusion in each test subject. During the period of nigra-specific DA reduction, movement frequency, but not movement speed, was significantly decreased. These results indicate that DA or TH loss in the SN, as observed in aging, contributes as a central mechanism of reduced movement frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Salvatore
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Tamara R McInnis
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Mark A Cantu
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Deana M Apple
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brandon S Pruett
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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52
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Excess amounts of 3-iodo-l-tyrosine induce Parkinson-like features in experimental approaches of Parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:178-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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53
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Maxan A, Cicchetti F. Tau: A Common Denominator and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518772380. [PMID: 29760562 PMCID: PMC5946355 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518772380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that a number of neurodegenerative diseases share common pathogenic mechanisms. Better understanding these mechanisms will allow us to develop new therapeutic strategies. This commentary follows up on our recent findings that tau pathology can be found in healthy fetal tissue transplanted into the brain of patients with either Huntington or Parkinson disease. We will examine how tau appears to be shared in a number of different conditions and how its expression relates to cognitive decline and disease progression. We will further review pathogenic mechanisms and especially the relevance of the possible prion-like behavior of tau. We will conclude by discussing how all this work opens up novel therapeutic approaches to treating the cognitive impairments related to neurodegenerative diseases using a common strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maxan
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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54
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Di Santo S, Meyer M, Ducray AD, Andereggen L, Widmer HR. A Combination of NT-4/5 and GDNF Is Favorable for Cultured Human Nigral Neural Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:648-653. [PMID: 29701077 PMCID: PMC6041882 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717753188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder,
clinically manifested by cardinal motor symptoms including tremor at rest, bradykinesia,
and muscle rigidity. Transplantation of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is an experimental
therapy for PD, however, it is limited by suboptimal integration and low survival of
grafts. Pretreatment of donor tissue may offer a strategy to improve properties of
transplanted DAergic neurons and thereby clinical outcome. We have previously shown that a
combination of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) demonstrated additive effects on rat ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue. The present
study investigated the effects of NT-4/5 and GDNF as single factors, or in combination on
DAergic neurons, in organotypic explant cultures of fetal human ventral mesencephalon. For
that purpose, free-floating roller-tube cultures were prepared from VM and the equally
sized pieces grown for 1 week in the presence or absence of neurotrophic factors. Both
neurotrophic factors increased dopamine content in the culture medium and in the number of
tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, most prominently after combined GDNF + NT-4/5
treatment. Culture volumes did not differ between groups while content of lactate
dehydrogenase in the culture medium was moderately reduced in all treated groups. In
conclusion, we identified that a combination of GDNF and NT-4/5 robustly promoted
differentiation and survival of human fetal VM DAergic neurons, an observation with
potential promising impact for cell replacement approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Santo
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Morten Meyer
- 2 Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,3 Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Angélique D Ducray
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,4 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Andereggen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans R Widmer
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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55
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Lang AE, Espay AJ. Disease Modification in Parkinson's Disease: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Considerations. Mov Disord 2018; 33:660-677. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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56
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Manfredsson FP, Luk KC, Benskey MJ, Gezer A, Garcia J, Kuhn NC, Sandoval IM, Patterson JR, O'Mara A, Yonkers R, Kordower JH. Induction of alpha-synuclein pathology in the enteric nervous system of the rat and non-human primate results in gastrointestinal dysmotility and transient CNS pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 112:106-118. [PMID: 29341898 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-syn) is by far the most highly vetted pathogenic and therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Aggregated α-syn is present in sporadic Parkinson's disease, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The enteric division of the PNS is of particular interest because 1) gastric dysfunction is a key clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease, and 2) Lewy pathology in myenteric and submucosal neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) has been referred to as stage zero in the Braak pathological staging of Parkinson's disease. The presence of Lewy pathology in the ENS and the fact that patients often experience enteric dysfunction before the onset of motor symptoms has led to the hypothesis that α-syn pathology starts in the periphery, after which it spreads to the CNS via interconnected neural pathways. Here we sought to directly test this hypothesis in rodents and non-human primates (NHP) using two distinct models of α-syn pathology: the α-syn viral overexpression model and the preformed fibril (PFF) model. Subjects (rat and NHP) received targeted enteric injections of PFFs or adeno-associated virus overexpressing the Parkinson's disease associated A53T α-syn mutant. Rats were evaluated for colonic motility monthly and sacrificed at 1, 6, or 12 months, whereas NHPs were sacrificed 12 months following inoculation, after which the time course and spread of pathology was examined in all animals. Rats exhibited a transient GI phenotype that resolved after four months. Minor α-syn pathology was observed in the brainstem (dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and locus coeruleus) 1 month after PFF injections; however, no pathology was observed at later time points (nor in saline or monomer treated animals). Similarly, a histopathological analysis of the NHP brains revealed no pathology despite the presence of robust α-syn pathology throughout the ENS which persisted for the entirety of the study (12 months). Our study shows that induction of α-syn pathology in the ENS is sufficient to induce GI dysfunction. Moreover, our data suggest that sustained spread of α-syn pathology from the periphery to the CNS and subsequent propagation is a rare event, and that the presence of enteric α-syn pathology and dysfunction may represent an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Aysegul Gezer
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; DO/PHD Physician Scientist Training Program, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Joanna Garcia
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Ivette M Sandoval
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Alana O'Mara
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Reid Yonkers
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Dept. of Neurological Science, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Center on Neurodegeneration, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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57
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Salvatore MF, Terrebonne J, Cantu MA, McInnis TR, Venable K, Kelley P, Kasanga EA, Latimer B, Owens CL, Pruett BS, Yu Y, Luedtke R, Forster MJ, Sumien N, Ingram DK. Dissociation of Striatal Dopamine and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression from Aging-Related Motor Decline: Evidence from Calorie Restriction Intervention. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017. [PMID: 28637176 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating increase in retirees living beyond their eighth decade brings increased prevalence of aging-related impairments, including locomotor impairment (Parkinsonism) that may affect ~50% of those reaching age 80, but has no confirmed neurobiological mechanism. Lifestyle strategies that attenuate motor decline, and its allied mechanisms, must be identified. Aging studies report little to moderate loss of striatal dopamine (DA) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in nigrostriatal terminals, in contrast to ~70%-80% loss associated with bradykinesia onset in Parkinson's disease. These studies evaluated the effect of ~6 months 30% calorie restriction (CR) on nigrostriatal DA regulation and aging-related locomotor decline initiated at 12 months of age in Brown-Norway Fischer F1 hybrid rats. The aging-related decline in locomotor activity was prevented by CR. However, striatal DA or TH expression was decreased in the CR group, but increased in substantia nigra versus the ad libitum group or 12-month-old cohort. In a 4- to 6-month-old cohort, pharmacological TH inhibition reduced striatal DA ~30%, comparable with decreases reported in aged rats and the CR group, without affecting locomotor activity. The dissociation of moderate striatal DA reduction from locomotor activity seen in both studies suggests that aging-related decreases in striatal DA are dissociated from locomotor decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Salvatore
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | | | - Mark A Cantu
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Tamara R McInnis
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Katy Venable
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Parker Kelley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ella A Kasanga
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Brian Latimer
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport
| | | | | | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Robert Luedtke
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Michael J Forster
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Donald K Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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58
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Padmanabhan S, Burke RE. Induction of axon growth in the adult brain: A new approach to restoration in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 33:62-70. [PMID: 29205486 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E Burke
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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59
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Cisbani G, Maxan A, Kordower JH, Planel E, Freeman TB, Cicchetti F. Presence of tau pathology within foetal neural allografts in patients with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Brain 2017; 140:2982-2992. [PMID: 29069396 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to repair the brain in patients with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Post-mortem evaluations of healthy grafted tissue in such cases have revealed the development of Huntington- or Parkinson-like pathology including mutant huntingtin aggregates and Lewy bodies. An outstanding question remains if tau pathology can also be seen in patients with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease who had received foetal neural allografts. This was addressed by immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent stainings performed on grafted tissue of two Huntington's disease patients, who came to autopsy 9 and 12 years post-transplantation, and two patients with Parkinson's disease who came to autopsy 18 months and 16 years post-transplantation. We show that grafts also contain tau pathology in both types of transplanted patients. In two patients with Huntington's disease, the grafted tissue showed the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau [both AT8 (phospho-tau Ser202 and Thr205) and CP13 (pSer202) immunohistochemical stainings] pathological inclusions, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. In patients with Parkinson's disease, the grafted tissue was characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8; immunofluorescent staining) pathological inclusions, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads but only in the patient who came to autopsy 16 years post-transplantation. Abundant tau-related pathology was observed in the cortex and striatum of all cases studied. While the striatum of the grafted Huntington's disease patient revealed an equal amount of 3-repeat and 4-repeat isoforms of tau, the grafted tissue showed elevated 4-repeat isoforms by western blot. This suggests that transplants may have acquired tau pathology from the host brain, although another possibility is that this was due to acceleration of ageing. This finding not only adds to the recent reports that tau pathology is a feature of these neurodegenerative diseases, but also that tau pathology can manifest in healthy neural tissue transplanted into the brains of patients with two distinct neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cisbani
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Maxan
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas B Freeman
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606-3571, USA.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606-3571, USA
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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60
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review was to review the imaging, particularly positron emission tomography (PET), findings in neurorestoration studies in movement disorders, with specific focus on neural transplantation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Recent Findings PET findings in PD transplantation studies have shown that graft survival as reflected by increases in dopaminergic PET markers does not necessarily correlate with clinical improvement. PD patients with more denervated ventral striatum and more imbalanced serotonin-to-dopamine ratio in the grafted neurons tended to have worse outcome. In HD transplantation studies, variable graft survival and clinical responses may be related to host inflammatory/immune responses to the grafts. Summary Information gleaned from imaging findings in previous neural transplantation studies has been used to refine study protocol and patient selection in future trials. This includes identifying suitable candidates for transplantation using imaging markers, employing multiple and/or novel PET tracers to better assess graft functions and inflammatory responses to grafts.
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61
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Mercado NM, Collier TJ, Sortwell CE, Steece-Collier K. BDNF in the Aged Brain: Translational Implications for Parkinson's Disease. AUSTIN NEUROLOGY & NEUROSCIENCES 2017; 2:1021. [PMID: 29726549 PMCID: PMC5929154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of secreted growth factors. BDNF signaling is known to exert both chronic, pro-survival effects related to gene expression and protein synthesis ("canonical signaling"), and acute effects as a modulator of neurotransmission ("non-canonical signaling"). BDNF has received a great deal of attention for its role in neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's Disease (HD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Parkinson's Disease (PD) and has been extensively reviewed elsewhere in this regard (e.g., [1-6]). However aging-related changes in BDNF function and expression have been studied only rarely, with the majority of studies characterizing changes in structures such as the hippocampus and neocortex. In this review, we attempt to briefly summarize the extent of the existing literature on age-related BDNF changes, and discuss the relevance of these changes as a factor potentially impacting therapeutics in aged parkinsonian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Mercado
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - T J Collier
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, USA
| | - C E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, USA
| | - K Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, USA
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62
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Sun AX, Tan EK. Towards better cellular replacement therapies in Parkinson disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:219-221. [PMID: 28791710 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Xuyang Sun
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke NUS Medical School, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke NUS Medical School, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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63
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Collier TJ, Kanaan NM, Kordower JH. Aging and Parkinson's disease: Different sides of the same coin? Mov Disord 2017; 32:983-990. [PMID: 28520211 PMCID: PMC5844262 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant epidemiological evidence in support of aging as the primary risk factor for PD, biological correlates of a connection have been elusive. In this article, we address the following question: does aging represent biology accurately characterized as pre-PD? We present evidence from our work on midbrain dopamine neurons of aging nonhuman primates that demonstrates that markers of known correlates of dopamine neuron degeneration in PD, including impaired proteasome/lysosome function, oxidative/nitrative damage, and inflammation, all increase with advancing age and are exaggerated in the ventral tier substantia nigra dopamine neurons most vulnerable to degeneration in PD. Our findings support the view that aging-related changes in the dopamine system approach the biological threshold for parkinsonism, actively producing a vulnerable pre-parkinsonian state. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Collier
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Mercy Health Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Mercy Health Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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64
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Marmion DJ, Kordower JH. α-Synuclein nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:385-400. [PMID: 28434076 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proper understanding of the mechanism(s) by which α-synuclein misfolds and propagates may hold the key to unraveling the complex pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. A more complete understanding of the disease itself, as well as establishing animal models that fully recapitulate pathological and functional disease progression, are needed to develop treatments that will delay, halt or reverse the disease course. Traditional neurotoxin-based animal models fail to mimic crucial aspects of Parkinson's and thus are not relevant for the study of neuroprotection and disease-modifying therapies. Therefore, a new era of animal models centered on α-synuclein has emerged with the utility of nonhuman primates in these studies beginning to become important. Indeed, disease modeling in nonhuman primates offers a more similar anatomical and genetic background to humans, and the ability to assess complex behavioral impairments that are difficult to test in rodents. Furthermore, results obtained from monkey studies translate better to applications in humans. In this review, we highlight the importance of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and discuss the development of α-synuclein based nonhuman primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marmion
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Cohn Bldg Room 306, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Cohn Bldg Room 306, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- The Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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65
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Studer L. Strategies for bringing stem cell-derived dopamine neurons to the clinic—The NYSTEM trial. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 230:191-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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