51
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Stabilization and Transfer of the Transient [Mes*P4](-) Butterfly Anion Using BPh3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:613-7. [PMID: 26610405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transient bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutane anion, generated from white phosphorus (P4) and Mes*Li (Mes*=2,4,6-tBu3C6H2), can be trapped by BPh3 in THF. This Lewis acid stabilized anion can be used as an [RP4](-) transfer agent, reacting cleanly with neutral Lewis acids (B(C6F5)3, BH3, and W(CO)5) to afford unique singly and doubly coordinated butterfly anions, and with the trityl cation to form a neutral, nonsymmetrical, all-carbon-substituted P4 derivative. This reaction path enables a simple, stepwise functionalization of white phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands).
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006 (South Africa).
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52
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Abstract
The effect of ylide substitution at the α position to the carbene carbon (Cc ) atom on the stability and σ-donating ability of a number of cyclic carbenes has been studied theoretically. The stabilities of all of the carbenes were investigated from an evaluation of their singlet-triplet energy gaps and stabilization energies. All carbenes were found to have a stable singlet state. The energy of the σ-symmetric lone-pair orbital at the Cc atom increases as a result of the introduction of ylide centers near to the Cc atom. This indicates an enhanced σ-donating ability of the ylide-containing carbenes. The calculated carbonyl-stretching frequencies of the corresponding rhodium complexes, proton affinities, and nucleophilicity index values correlate well with the σ basicity of the carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitupon Borthakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam-784 028, Assam (India)
| | - Ashwini K Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam-784 028, Assam (India).
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53
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Arrowsmith M, Hill MS, Johnson AL, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7882-5. [PMID: 26014162 PMCID: PMC4648029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sequential reactions between a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-substituted β-diketiminato magnesium n-butyl derivative and P4 allow the highly discriminating synthesis of unusual [nBu2P4]2− and [nBu2P8]2− cluster dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK).
| | - Andrew L Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
| | | | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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54
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Arrowsmith M, Hill MS, Johnson AL, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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55
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Collins LR, Hierlmeier G, Mahon MF, Riddlestone IM, Whittlesey MK. Unexpected Migratory Insertion Reactions of M(alkyl)
2
(M=Zn, Cd) and Diamidocarbenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:3215-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Michael K. Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
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56
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Dielmann F, Bertrand G. Reactivity of a Stable Phosphinonitrene towards Small Molecules. Chemistry 2014; 21:191-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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57
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Functionalization of P4Using a Lewis Acid Stabilized Bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutane Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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58
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Functionalization of P4 using a Lewis acid stabilized bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutane anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12836-9. [PMID: 25250790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reacting white phosphorus (P4 ) with sterically encumbered aryl lithium reagents (aryl=2,6-dimesitylphenyl or 2,4,6-tBu3 C6 H2 ) and B(C6 F5 )3 gives the unique, isolable Lewis acid stabilized bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutane anion. Subsequent alkylation of the nucleophilic site of the RP4 anion gives access to non-symmetrical disubstituted bicyclic tetraphosphorus compounds. This novel method enables PC bond formation in a controlled fashion using white phosphorus as starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
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59
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Azavinylidenephosphoranes: A Class of Cyclic Push-Pull Carbenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:12528-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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60
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Kretschmer R, Ruiz DA, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Ein-, Zwei- und Drei-Elektronen-Reduktion eines CAAC-SbCl3- Addukts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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61
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Kretschmer R, Ruiz DA, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. One-, Two-, and Three-Electron Reduction of a Cyclic Alkyl(amino)carbene-SbCl3Adduct. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8176-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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62
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Mondal KC, Samuel PP, Roesky HW, Aysin RR, Leites LA, Neudeck S, Lübben J, Dittrich B, Holzmann N, Hermann M, Frenking G. One-Electron-Mediated Rearrangements of 2,3-Disiladicarbene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504821u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prinson P. Samuel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rinat R. Aysin
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa A. Leites
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sven Neudeck
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lübben
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Raum
AC 15c (Erdgeschoss), 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hermann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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63
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Dorsey CL, Mushinski RM, Hudnall TW. Metal-Free Stabilization of Monomeric Antimony(I): A Carbene-Supported Stibinidene. Chemistry 2014; 20:8914-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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64
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Heinl S, Reisinger S, Schwarzmaier C, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Selektive Funktionalisierung von P4durch Metall-vermittelte Bildung einer C-P-Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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65
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Heinl S, Reisinger S, Schwarzmaier C, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Selective functionalization of P₄ by metal-mediated C-P bond formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7639-42. [PMID: 24890009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new and selective one-step synthesis was developed for the first activation stage of white phosphorus by organic radicals. The reactions of NaCp(R) with P4 in the presence of CuX or FeBr3 leads to the clean formation of organic substituted P4 butterfly compounds Cp(R)2P4 (Cp(R): Cp(BIG)=C5(4-nBuC6H4)5 (1 a), Cp'''=C5H2tBu3 (1 b), Cp*=C5Me5 (1 c) und Cp(4iPr)=C5HiPr4 (1 d)). The reaction proceeds via the activation of P4 by Cp(R) radicals mediated by transition metals. The newly formed organic derivatives of P4 have been comprehensively characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heinl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
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66
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Dube JW, Graham CME, Macdonald CLB, Brown ZD, Power PP, Ragogna PJ. Reversible, Photoinduced Activation of P4by Low-Coordinate Main Group Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 20:6739-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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67
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Serrano-Ruiz M, Romerosa A, Lorenzo-Luis P. Elemental Phosphorus and Electromagnetic Radiation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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68
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Mondal KC, Roesky HW, Dittrich B, Holzmann N, Hermann M, Frenking G, Meents A. Formation of a 1,4-Diamino-2,3-disila-1,3-butadiene Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15990-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Raum AC 15c (Erdgeschoss), 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hermann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alke Meents
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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69
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Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. Recent advances in the field of main-group mono- and diatomic "allotropes" stabilised by neutral ligands. Chemistry 2013; 19:13626-37. [PMID: 24038526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study of ligand stabilised mono- and diatomic zero oxidation state complexes is a young and fascinating topic. This area merges the fields of low-oxidation-state main-group chemistry, homoatomic multiple bonding and fundamental coordination chemistry. As with a great deal of recent coordination chemistry within the d-block, carbene ligands are clearly the star of the show, highlighting their importance within the p-block as well. This Minireview focuses on the significant developments of the past two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086 (Australia).
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70
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Mirabello V, Caporali M, Gonsalvi L, Manca G, Ienco A, Peruzzini M. Stabilization of the Triphosphallyl Ligand η3-P3{P(O)H} at Iridium via Alkaline Activation of P4. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:3177-84. [PMID: 24039037 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mirabello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Via Madonna del Piano10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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71
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Holthausen MH, Surmiak SK, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Weigand JJ. [3+2] Fragmentation of an [RP5Cl]+Cage Cation Induced by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11078-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Holthausen MH, Surmiak SK, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Weigand JJ. [3+2] Fragmentation of an [RP5Cl]+Cage Cation Induced by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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73
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Reactivity of Stabilized Li/Cl Carbenoids towards Lewis Base Adducts of BH3: BH Bond Activation versus Carbene Dimerization. Chemistry 2013; 19:11858-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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74
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Dube JW, Ragogna PJ. Synthesis and onwards coordination of an As(I) centered zwitterion. Chemistry 2013; 19:11768-75. [PMID: 23846815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bis(phosphino)borate ligand class is used as an anionic anchor to stabilize reactive, low coordinate arsenic centers. The neutral, zwitterionic As(I) species, 2, is formed very cleanly, and isolated in good yields using cyclohexene as a halogen scavenger. The uniqueness of this heterocyclic As(I) compound is on display with the coordination to Group 6 metal centers, (2 M(CO)5; M = Cr, Mo, W). The arsenic-metal bond lengths are longer than the related AsPh3 complexes suggesting that compound 2 is a weak sigma donor. The metal complexes reveal a trigonal pyramidal arsenic atom, which provides the first experimental evidence for the presence of two "lone pairs" of electrons on the As(I) center. When more flexible and more electron-donating isopropyl substituents were used, an intermediate (compound 5) in the formation of low coordinate pnictogen compounds was crystallographically characterized. This structure, formally a base-stabilized dichloroarsenium cation, provides an alternative mechanistic proposal to the one described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Dube
- Department Chemistry and Center for Materials and Advanced Materials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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75
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Arnold T, Braunschweig H, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Radacki K, Sen SS. Simultaneous Fragmentation and Activation of White Phosphorus. Chemistry 2013; 19:9114-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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76
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Lyhs B, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S, Haack R, Jansen G. Synthesis and Structure of Base-Stabilized Germanium(II) Diazide IPrGe(N3)2. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7236-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lyhs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Haack
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117
Essen, Germany
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77
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Henne FD, Schnöckelborg EM, Feldmann KO, Grunenberg J, Wolf R, Weigand JJ. Observation of a Chloride-Bridged P–P Bond in the Phosphorus Cation [L(Cl)P(μ-Cl)P(Cl)L]+ (L = NHC). Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian D. Henne
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and
Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Oliver Feldmann
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and
Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and
Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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78
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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79
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Holzmann N, Stasch A, Jones C, Frenking G. Comparative study of phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized Group 13 adducts [L(EH3)] and [L2(E2H(n))]. Chemistry 2013; 19:6467-79. [PMID: 23512819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level have been carried out to determine the geometries and stabilities of Group 13 adducts [(PMe3)(EH3)] and [(PMe3)2(E2H(n))] (E = B-In; n = 4, 2, 0). The optimized geometries exhibit, in most cases, similar features to those of related adducts [(NHC(Me))(EH3)] and [(NHC(Me))2(E2H(n))] with a few exceptions that can be explained by the different donor strengths of the ligands. The calculations show that the carbene ligand L = NHC(Me) (:C(NMeCH)2) is a significantly stronger donor than L = PMe3. The equilibrium geometries of [L(EH3)] possess, in all cases, a pyramidal structure, whereas the complexes [L2(E2H4)] always have an antiperiplanar arrangement of the ligands L. The phosphine ligands in [(PMe3)2(B2H2)], which has Cs symmetry, are in the same plane as the B2H2 moiety, whereas the heavier homologues [(PMe3)2(E2H2)] (E = Al, Ga, In) have Ci symmetry in which the ligands bind side-on to the E2H2 acceptor. This is in contrast to the [(NHC(Me))2(E2H2)] adducts for which the NHC(Me) donor always binds in the same plane as E2H2 except for the indium complex [(NHC(Me))2(In2H2)], which exhibits side-on bonding. The boron complexes [L2(B2)] (L = PMe3 and NHC(Me)) possess a linear arrangement of the LBBL moiety, which has a B≡B triple bond. The heavier homologues [L2(E2)] have antiperiplanar arrangements of the LEEL moieties, except for [(PMe3)2(In2)], which has a twisted structure in which the PInInP torsion angle is 123.0°. The structural features of the complexes [L(EH3)] and [L2(E2H(n))] can be explained in terms of donor-acceptor interactions between the donors L and the acceptors EH3 and E2H(n), which have been analyzed quantitatively by using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method. The calculations predict that the hydrogenation reaction of the dimeric magnesium(I) compound L'MgMgL' with the complexes [L(EH3)] is energetically more favorable for L = PMe3 than for NHC(Me).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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80
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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81
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Zarzycki B, Zell T, Schmidt D, Radius U. P4Activation at Ni0: Selective Formation of an NHC-Stabilized, Dinuclear Nickel Complex [Ni2(iPr2Im)4(μ,η2:2-P2)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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82
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Back O, Henry-Ellinger M, Martin CD, Martin D, Bertrand G. 31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts as an Indicator of the π-Accepting Properties of Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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83
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Back O, Henry-Ellinger M, Martin CD, Martin D, Bertrand G. 31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Carbene-Phosphinidene Adducts as an Indicator of the π-Accepting Properties of Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2939-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Musgrave RA, Turbervill RSP, Irwin M, Goicoechea JM. Transition Metal Complexes of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbene Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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85
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Musgrave RA, Turbervill RSP, Irwin M, Goicoechea JM. Transition Metal Complexes of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbene Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10832-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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86
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Schmidt D, Berthel JHJ, Pietsch S, Radius U. CN Bond Cleavage and Ring Expansion of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes using Hydrosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8881-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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87
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Schmidt D, Berthel JHJ, Pietsch S, Radius U. C-N-Bindungsspaltung und Ringerweiterung N-heterocyclischer Carbene durch Hydrosilane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Iodine Activation of Coordinated White Phosphorus: Formation and Transformation of 1,3‐Dihydride‐2‐iodidecyclotetraphosphane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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89
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Inoue S, Leszczyńska K. An Acyclic Imino‐Substituted Silylene: Synthesis, Isolation, and its Facile Conversion into a Zwitterionic Silaimine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Kinga Leszczyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
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90
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Barbaro P, Bazzicalupi C, Peruzzini M, Seniori Costantini S, Stoppioni P. Iodine activation of coordinated white phosphorus: formation and transformation of 1,3-dihydride-2-iodidecyclotetraphosphane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8628-31. [PMID: 22810960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Double stabilization: Previously unknown polyphosphorus compounds are obtained by activation of white phosphorus (P(4)) coordinated between two CpRu(PPh(3))(2) moieties with iodine, and subsequent hydrolysis. The polyphosphorus compounds (P(4) H(2) I, P(4) H(2), P(3) H(5); see scheme, Cp=cyclopentadienyl) are all stabilized by coordination to two ruthenium centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Barbaro
- ICCOM CNR via Madonna del Piano,10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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91
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Inoue S, Leszczyńska K. An Acyclic Imino‐Substituted Silylene: Synthesis, Isolation, and its Facile Conversion into a Zwitterionic Silaimine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8589-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Kinga Leszczyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
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92
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Khan S, Sen SS, Roesky HW. Activation of phosphorus by group 14 elements in low oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2169-79. [PMID: 22237483 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of phosphorus remains a popular and competitive area of research driven by the dual goals of finding ways to avoid the environmentally questionable P-Cl compounds applied in many industrial processes and the target of catalytic functionalization of P(4). In recent years the activation, degradation, fragmentation, and functionalization of white phosphorus by compounds with heavier main group elements have become a fertile area of research. The isolation of various carbenes and functionalized silylenes has prompted chemists to investigate their reactions with white phosphorus. The most intriguing fact in these reactions is the subtle change in the substituents may afford strikingly different compounds. For example, from the reaction of P(4) with PhC(NtBu)(2)SiCl a cyclic Si(2)P(2) derivative is obtained, whereas the analogous reaction with PhC(NtBu)(2)SiN(SiMe(3))(2) resulted in an acyclic Si(2)P(4) framework. Similar phenomena have also been observed in the carbene mediated P(4) activation. Apart from these, a new entry point into phosphorus chemistry is the gentle activation of P(4) by an alkyne analogue of tin. In this feature article we have covered the activation of phosphorus by compounds with low valent group 14 elements with special concern to the recent developments in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Khan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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93
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94
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Khan S, Michel R, Dieterich JM, Mata RA, Roesky HW, Demers JP, Lange A, Stalke D. Preparation of RSn(I)–Sn(I)R with Two Unsymmetrically Coordinated Sn(I) Atoms and Subsequent Gentle Activation of P4. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17889-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207538g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes M. Dieterich
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Demers
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Am Faßberg11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adam Lange
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Am Faßberg11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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95
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Khan S, Michel R, Sen SS, Roesky HW, Stalke D. A P4 Chain and Cage from Silylene-Activated White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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96
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Khan S, Michel R, Sen SS, Roesky HW, Stalke D. A P4 chain and cage from silylene-activated white phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11786-9. [PMID: 21990230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Khan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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97
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Ghadwal RS, Azhakar R, Pröpper K, Holstein JJ, Dittrich B, Roesky HW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Dichlorosilylene Transition-Metal Complexes of V(I), Co(I), and Fe(0). Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8502-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramachandran Azhakar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Pröpper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birger Dittrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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98
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Guy Bertrand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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99
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Guy Bertrand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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100
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Inoue S, Driess M. Parent Heavy Methylenes: Chemical Tricks to Access Isolable Complexes of Elusive H2E: Species (E=Ge and Sn). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5614-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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