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Palanichamy K, Subrahmanyam AV, Kaliappan KP. A radical cyclization approach to the formal total syntheses of platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7877-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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52
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Tiefenbacher K, Gollner A, Mulzer J. Syntheses and antibacterial properties of iso-platencin, Cl-iso-platencin and Cl-platencin: identification of a new lead structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:9616-22. [PMID: 20486112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Platencin is a novel antibiotic which is active against multiresistant pathogens. We describe efficient syntheses of three platencin analogues of varying activities which allow further conclusions about the pharmacophoric part of the molecule. The unnatural antibiotic iso-platencin, which is about as active as natural platencin, but much more selective, was identified as a new lead structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
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53
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ferrocene-Containing Bioorganometallics Inspired by the Antibiotic Platensimycin Lead Structure. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Merz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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54
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Hirai S, Nakada M. An enantioselective approach to (−)-platencin via catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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55
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Waalboer DCJ, Leenders SHAM, Schülin-Casonato T, van Delft FL, Rutjes FPJT. Total Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Dehydrohomoplatencin. Chemistry 2010; 16:11233-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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56
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Palanichamy K, Kaliappan KP. Discovery and syntheses of "superbug challengers"-platensimycin and platencin. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:668-703. [PMID: 20209576 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have developed resistance to almost all existing antibiotics known today and this has been a major issue over the last few decades. The search for a new class of antibiotics with a new mode of action to fight these multiply-drug-resistant strains, or "superbugs", allowed a team of scientists at Merck to discover two novel antibiotics, platensimycin and platencin using advanced screening strategies, as inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Though both these antibiotics are structurally related, they work by slightly different mechanisms and target different enzymes conserved in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. This Focus Review summarizes the synthetic and biological aspects of these natural products and their analogues and congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
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57
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Kusama H, Karibe Y, Onizawa Y, Iwasawa N. Gold-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Dienol Silyl Ethers for the Preparation of Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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58
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Kusama H, Karibe Y, Onizawa Y, Iwasawa N. Gold-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Dienol Silyl Ethers for the Preparation of Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4269-72. [PMID: 20446327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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59
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhao
- Shasun Pharma Solutions, Incorporated, 10 Knightsbridge Road, Pistcataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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60
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Zhang C, Ondeyka J, Dietrich L, Gailliot FP, Hesse M, Lester M, Dorso K, Motyl M, Ha SN, Wang J, Singh SB. Isolation, structure and biological activities of platencin A2–A4 from Streptomyces platensis. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2602-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chandra B, Fu D, Nelson S. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Complex Polypropionates: Lewis Base Catalyzed Aldol Equivalents in the Synthesis of Erythronolide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2591-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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62
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Chandra B, Fu D, Nelson S. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Complex Polypropionates: Lewis Base Catalyzed Aldol Equivalents in the Synthesis of Erythronolide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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63
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Liu Y, Xu W, Wang X. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Approach to Tetracyclic Indolines. Org Lett 2010; 12:1448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Abstract
An asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between acrolein and 1-benzyloxymethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene affords a bicyclic aldehyde that was elaborated in 11 steps to nor-platencin. nor-Platencin is 4-16 times less active than platencin against several resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, macrolide-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.
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65
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2008. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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66
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Davies PW, Detty-Mambo C. Gold-catalysed room-temperature cycloisomerisation of alkynes and unactivated enolisable ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2918-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c003473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Singh V, Sahu BC, Bansal V, Mobin SM. Intramolecular cycloaddition in 6,6-spiroepoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone: simple aromatics to (±)-Platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4472-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c004316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Nicolaou KC, Li A, Edmonds DJ, Tria GS, Ellery SP. Total synthesis of platensimycin and related natural products. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16905-18. [PMID: 19874023 PMCID: PMC2783699 DOI: 10.1021/ja9068003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin is the flagship member of a new and growing class of antibiotics with promising antibacterial properties against drug-resistant bacteria. The total syntheses of platensimycin and its congeners, platensimycins B(1) and B(3), platensic acid, methyl platensinoate, platensimide A, homoplatensimide A, and homoplatensimide A methyl ester, are described. The convergent strategy developed toward these target molecules involved construction of their cage-like core followed by attachment of the various side chains through amide bond formation. In addition to a racemic synthesis, two asymmetric routes to the core structure are described: one exploiting a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric cycloisomerization, and another employing a hypervalent iodine-mediated de-aromatizing cyclization of an enantiopure substrate. The final two bonds of the core structure were forged through a samarium diiodide-mediated ketyl radical cyclization and an acid-catalyzed etherification. The rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric reaction involving a terminal acetylene was developed as a general method for the asymmetric cycloisomerization of terminal enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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70
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Nicolaou KC, Tria GS, Edmonds DJ, Kar M. Total syntheses of (+/-)-platencin and (-)-platencin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15909-17. [PMID: 19824676 PMCID: PMC2783895 DOI: 10.1021/ja906801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites platensimycin and platencin, isolated from the bacterial strain Streptomyces platensis, represent a novel class of natural products exhibiting unique and potent antibacterial activity. Platencin, though structurally similar to platensimycin, has been found to operate through a slightly different mechanism of action involving the dual inhibition of lipid elongation enzymes FabF and FabH. Both natural products exhibit strong, broad-spectrum, gram-positive antibacterial activity to key antibiotic resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Described herein are our synthetic efforts toward platencin, culminating in both racemic and asymmetric preparation of the natural product. The syntheses demonstrate the power of the cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction and the one-pot reductive rearrangement of [3.2.1] bicyclic ketones to [2.2.2] bicyclic olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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71
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Isolation, enzyme-bound structure and antibacterial activity of platencin A1 from Streptomyces platensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4756-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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72
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Ghosh A, Xi K. A Symmetry-Based Concise Formal Synthesis of Platencin, a Novel Lead against “Superbugs”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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73
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Isoplatensimycin: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4601-2. [PMID: 19604693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoplatensimycin, a novel analog of platensimycin, was synthesized via intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide. Isoplatensimycin showed little activities against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, but exhibited activities against some vancomycin-resistant enteroccoci.
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74
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75
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Yun SY, Zheng JC, Lee D. Stereoelectronic Effect for the Selectivity in C−H Insertion of Alkylidene Carbenes and Its Application to the Synthesis of Platensimycin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8413-5. [PMID: 19473019 DOI: 10.1021/ja903526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Jun-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
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76
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77
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Mulzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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79
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Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of platensimycin, a novel antibiotic natural product that inhibits bacterial beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase (FabF), is described. Our synthetic strategy for the construction of the oxatetracyclic core involved an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Our preliminary studies provided a complex tetracyclic product by first undergoing an interesting 1,5-hydride shift followed by a Diels-Alder reaction. Further optimization of the diene's electronic properties, by incorporation of a methoxy group, led to the oxatetracyclic core of platensimycin. The three required chiral centers, including two all-carbon quaternary chiral centers, were built in the intramolecular Diels-Alder step. The synthesis utilized natural (+)-carvone as the key chiral starting material, which determined the stereochemistry of the final product. The synthesis also featured an efficient Petasis olefination, a hydroboration sequence, a Gais's asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, and a mercury salt catalyzed enol ether isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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80
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Engineered Streptomyces platensis strains that overproduce antibiotics platensimycin and platencin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1299-304. [PMID: 19164156 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01358-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platensimycin, which is isolated from Streptomyces platensis MA7327, and platencin, which is isolated from S. platensis MA7339, are two recently discovered natural products that serve as important antibiotic leads. Here we report on the identification of S. platensis MA7327 as a dual producer of both platensimycin and platencin. A PCR-based approach was used to locate and clone the locus involved in platensimycin and platencin production, including ptmR1, which encodes a putative GntR-like transcriptional regulator. Deletion of this gene from the producing organism allowed us to isolate strains that overproduce platensimycin and platencin with yields of 323 +/- 29 mg/liter and 255 +/- 30 mg/liter, respectively. These results illustrate the effectiveness of genetic manipulation for the rational engineering of improvements in titers.
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81
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Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Ghosh AK, Xi K. A symmetry-based concise formal synthesis of platencin, a novel lead against "superbugs". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5372-5. [PMID: 19572306 PMCID: PMC3518310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quick access: A concise and efficient formal synthesis of platencin has been accomplished in nine steps from a commercially available starting material. The synthesis utilized only one protecting group. The base-catalyzed Michael cyclization of precursor 1 afforded the key diketone 2, which was converted into the desired core structure 4 via the radical intermediate 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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83
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Edmonds DJ, Estrada AA. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of naturally occurring antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:660-719. [PMID: 19130444 PMCID: PMC2730216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature's molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug-development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origin in natural products. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally occurring antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be key enabling technologies. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally occurring antibiotics, with particular emphasis on total synthesis, analogue design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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84
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Dalby SM. From nature to the laboratory and into the clinic. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2290-303. [PMID: 19028103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products possess a broad diversity of structure and function, and they provide inspiration for chemistry, biology, and medicine. In this review article, we highlight and place in context our laboratory's total syntheses of, and related studies on, complex secondary metabolites that were clinically important drugs, or have since been developed into useful medicines, namely amphotericin B (1), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (2), rapamycin (3), Taxol (4), the epothilones [e.g., epothilones A (5) and B (6)], and vancomycin (7). We also briefly highlight our research with other selected inspirational natural products possessing interesting biological activities [i.e., dynemicin A (8), uncialamycin (9), eleutherobin (10), sarcodictyin A (11), azaspiracid-1 (12), thiostrepton (13), abyssomicin C (14), platensimycin (15), platencin (16), and palmerolide A (17)].
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC408, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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85
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Sethofer SG, Staben ST, Hung OY, Toste FD. Au(I)-catalyzed ring expanding cycloisomerizations: total synthesis of ventricosene. Org Lett 2008; 10:4315-8. [PMID: 18759435 PMCID: PMC2653418 DOI: 10.1021/ol801760w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynes containing an embedded cyclopropane unit leads selectively to the formation of ring systems containing the cyclopropylmethyl cation. A subsequent Wagner-Merwein shift provides diastereomerically pure fused cyclobutanes. The utility of this methodology for the rapid assembly of polycyclic ring systems is illustrated by the total synthesis of the angular triquinane ventricosene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Sethofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Steven T. Staben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Olivia Y. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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86
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Nicolaou KC, Stepan AF, Lister T, Li A, Montero A, Tria GS, Turner CI, Tang Y, Wang J, Denton RM, Edmonds DJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of molecular complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13110-9. [PMID: 18771264 PMCID: PMC2669665 DOI: 10.1021/ja8044376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of two distinct series of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of complexity are described. The first series of compounds probes the biological importance of the benzoic acid subunit of the molecule, while the second series explores the tetracyclic cage domain. The biological data obtained reveal that, while the substituted benzoic acid domain of platensimycin is a highly conserved structural motif within the active compounds with strict functional group requirements, the cage domain of the molecule can tolerate considerable structural modifications without losing biological action. These findings refine our present understanding of the platensimycin pharmacophore and establish certain structure-activity relationships from which the next generation of designed analogues of this new antibiotic may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie A. B. Austin
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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88
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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89
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Organische Chemie: Nicolaou geehrt / Metallorganische Chemie: Preis für Lappert / Fullerene: Krätschmer ausgezeichnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Organic Chemistry: Nicolaou Honored / Organometallic Chemistry: Prize to Lappert / Fullerenes: Krätschmer Awarded. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6576-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Matsuo JI, Takeuchi K, Ishibashi H. Stereocontrolled Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2008; 10:4049-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Matsuo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishibashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Yun S, Zheng JC, Lee D. Concise Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6201-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shen HC. Recent advances in syntheses of carbocycles and heterocycles via homogeneous gold catalysis. Part 2: Cyclizations and cycloadditions. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nicolaou KC, Toh QY, Chen DYK. An Expedient Asymmetric Synthesis of Platencin. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11292-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja804588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Qiao-Yan Toh
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
| | - David Y.-K. Chen
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
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Abstract
In this tutorial review directed towards chemists interested in synthesis or catalysis, the application of gold catalysis in total synthesis is summarised and the mode of activation of the substrate by the gold catalyst is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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