51
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Mohammad-Beigi H, Aliakbari F, Sahin C, Lomax C, Tawfike A, Schafer NP, Amiri-Nowdijeh A, Eskandari H, Møller IM, Hosseini-Mazinani M, Christiansen G, Ward JL, Morshedi D, Otzen DE. Oleuropein derivatives from olive fruit extracts reduce α-synuclein fibrillation and oligomer toxicity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4215-4232. [PMID: 30655291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSN) is implicated in neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease and has prompted searches for natural compounds inhibiting αSN aggregation and reducing its tendency to form toxic oligomers. Oil from the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) represents the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and contains variable levels of phenolic compounds, many structurally related to the compound oleuropein. Here, using αSN aggregation, fibrillation, size-exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS)-based assays, and toxicity assays, we systematically screened the fruit extracts of 15 different olive varieties to identify compounds that can inhibit αSN aggregation and oligomer toxicity and also have antioxidant activity. Polyphenol composition differed markedly among varieties. The variety with the most effective antioxidant and aggregation activities, Koroneiki, combined strong inhibition of αSN fibril nucleation and elongation with strong disaggregation activity on preformed fibrils and prevented the formation of toxic αSN oligomers. Fractionation of the Koroneiki extract identified oleuropein aglycone, hydroxyl oleuropein aglycone, and oleuropein as key compounds responsible for the differences in inhibition across the extracts. These phenolic compounds inhibited αSN amyloidogenesis by directing αSN monomers into small αSN oligomers with lower toxicity, thereby suppressing the subsequent fibril growth phase. Our results highlight the molecular consequences of differences in the level of effective phenolic compounds in different olive varieties, insights that have implications for long-term human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,
| | - Farhang Aliakbari
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,the Departments of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology and
| | - Cagla Sahin
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- the Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Tawfike
- the Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Schafer
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alireza Amiri-Nowdijeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P. O. Box 1417863171, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Eskandari
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ian Max Møller
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Hosseini-Mazinani
- Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P. O. Box 1417863171, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- the Department of Biomedicine-Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, and
| | - Jane L Ward
- the Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dina Morshedi
- the Departments of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology and
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, .,the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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52
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Chakraborty R, Sahoo S, Halder N, Rath H, Chattopadhyay K. Conformational-Switch Based Strategy Triggered by [18] π Heteroannulenes toward Reduction of Alpha Synuclein Oligomer Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:573-587. [PMID: 30296047 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble meso-carboxy aryl substituted [18] heteroannulene (porphyrin) and its Zn-complex have been found to be viable in targeting α-Syn aggregation at all its key microevents, namely, primary nucleation, fibril elongation, and secondary nucleation, by converting the highly heterogeneous and cytotoxic aggresome into a homogeneous population of minimally toxic off-pathway oligomers, that remained unexplored until recently. With the EC50 and dissociation constants in the low micromolar range, these heteroannulenes induce a switch in the secondary structure of toxic prefibrillar on-pathway oligomers of α-Syn, converting them into minimally toxic nonseeding off-pathway oligomers. The inhibition of the aggregation and the reduction of toxicity have been studied in vitro as well as inside neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrita Chakraborty
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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53
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Abstract
Amyloid diseases are of major concern all over the world due to a number of factors including: (i) aging population, (ii) increasing life span and (iii) lack of effective pharmacotherapy options. The past decade has seen intense research in discovering disease-modifying multi-targeting small molecules as therapeutic options. In recent years, targeting the amyloid cascade has emerged as an attractive strategy to discover novel neurotherapeutics. Formation of amyloid species, with different degrees of solubility and neurotoxicity is associated with the gradual decline in cognition leading to dementia/cell dysfunction. Here, in this chapter, we have described the recent scenario of amyloid diseases with a great deal of information about the structural features of oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Also, comprehensive details have been provided to differentiate the degree of toxicity associated with prefibrillar aggregates. Moreover, a review of the technologies that aid characterisation of oligomer, protofibrils and fibrils as well as various inhibition strategies to overcome protein fibrillation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India.
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54
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Bopardikar M, Bhattacharya A, Rao Kakita VM, Rachineni K, Borde LC, Choudhary S, Koti Ainavarapu SR, Hosur RV. Triphala inhibits alpha-synuclein fibrillization and their interaction study by NMR provides insights into the self-association of the protein. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28470-28477. [PMID: 35529629 PMCID: PMC9071048 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of assembly and accumulation of the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into amyloid fibrils is a pathogenic process leading to several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and others. Although several molecules are known to inhibit αSyn fibrillization, the mechanism of inhibition is just beginning to emerge. Here, we report the inhibition of fibrillization of αSyn by Triphala, a herbal preparation in the traditional Indian medical system of Ayurveda. Triphala was found to be a rich source of polyphenols which are known to act as amyloid inhibitors. ThT fluorescence and TEM studies showed that Triphala inhibited the fibrillization of αSyn. However, it was observed that Triphala does not disaggregate preformed αSyn fibrils. Further, native-PAGE showed that Triphala reduces the propensity of αSyn to oligomerize during the lag phase of fibrillization. Our NMR results showed that certain stretches of residues in the N-terminal and NAC regions of αSyn play an anchor role in the self-association process of the protein, thereby providing mechanistic insights into the early events during αSyn fibrillization. Triphala inhibits αSyn self-association by interacting with anchoring regions which are responsible for αSyn oligomerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Bopardikar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
| | - Anusri Bhattacharya
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Veera Mohana Rao Kakita
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Kavitha Rachineni
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Lalit C. Borde
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
| | - Sinjan Choudhary
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | | | - Ramakrishna V. Hosur
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
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55
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Kjaergaard M, Dear AJ, Kundel F, Qamar S, Meisl G, Knowles TPJ, Klenerman D. Oligomer Diversity during the Aggregation of the Repeat Region of Tau. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3060-3071. [PMID: 29953200 PMCID: PMC6302314 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
The
molecular mechanism of protein aggregation is of both fundamental
and clinical importance as amyloid aggregates are linked to a number
of neurodegenerative disorders. Such protein aggregates include macroscopic
insoluble fibrils as well as small soluble oligomeric species. Time-dependent
resolution of these species is prerequisite for a detailed quantitative
understanding of protein aggregation; this remains challenging due
to the lack of methods for detecting and characterizing transient
and heterogeneous protein oligomers. Here we have used single molecule
fluorescence techniques combined with mechanistic modeling to study
the heparin-induced aggregation of the repeat region of tau, which
forms the core region of neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer’s
disease. We distinguish several subpopulations of oligomers with different
stability and follow their evolution during aggregation reactions
as a function of temperature and concentration. Employment of techniques
from chemical kinetics reveals that the two largest populations are
structurally distinct from fibrils and are both kinetically and thermodynamically
unstable. The first population is in rapid exchange with monomers
and held together by electrostatic interactions; the second is kinetically
more stable, dominates at later times, and is probably off-pathway
to fibril formation. These more stable oligomers may contribute to
other oligomer induced effects in the cellular environment, for example,
by overloading protein quality control systems. We also show that
the shortest growing filaments remain suspended in aqueous buffer
and thus comprise a third, smaller population of transient oligomers
with cross-β structure. Overall our data show that a diverse
population of oligomers of different structures and half-lives are
formed during the aggregation reaction with the great majority of
oligomers formed not going on to form fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexander J. Dear
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Kundel
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Meisl
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
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56
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Sahin C, Kjær L, Christensen MS, N. Pedersen J, Christiansen G, Pérez AMW, Møller IM, Enghild JJ, Pedersen JS, Larsen K, Otzen DE. α-Synucleins from Animal Species Show Low Fibrillation Propensities and Weak Oligomer Membrane Disruption. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5145-5158. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Sahin
- iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Kjær
- iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Jannik N. Pedersen
- iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan S. Pedersen
- iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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57
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Illes-Toth E, Rempel DL, Gross ML. Pulsed Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Illuminates the Aggregation Kinetics of α-Synuclein, the Causative Agent for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1469-1476. [PMID: 29601177 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (aS) forms toxic intermediates ranging from small oligomers and protofibrils to large amyloid fibrils. Understanding the time course of aS fibril formation and the role played by its regions is critical for therapeutic intervention. Here, we used pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for the first time to probe kinetic intermediates of the full aS aggregation in vitro, achieving kinetic snapshots containing spatially resolved protein information about critical stages. Monitoring the resultant mass shifts shows distinct binomial abundances for two main exchange profiles: one that represents a fast-exchanging, solvent-accessible species and another with a more protected nature. We show using a series of proteolytic peptides from the full protein that self-association is most pronounced in the non-amyloid-β-component region and less so for either terminus. The N-terminus, however, shows a minor protected population at mid- and late times, whereas the C-terminus shows predominantly unimodal HDX, indicating that these regions are devoid of any large conformational rearrangements. Focusing on the hydrophobic core, we confirmed and modeled the different isotopic distributions and calculated their relative fractions to discern their individual contributions. The data fitting reports respective t1/2 values, which are nearly identical and do not depend on location. We followed the aggregation by complementary transmission electron microscopy to observe the morphology of aggregates and circular dichroism to assess changes in secondary structure. Our results provide a detailed picture of aS aggregation in vitro and demonstrate that HDX-MS offers unique spatially resolved, coexisting kinetic intermediates in solution. This new platform is suitable for testing promising inhibitors of aS aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Illes-Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Don L. Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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58
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Stephens A, Nespovitaya N, Zacharopoulou M, Kaminski CF, Phillips JJ, Kaminski Schierle GS. Different Structural Conformers of Monomeric α-Synuclein Identified after Lyophilizing and Freezing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6975-6983. [PMID: 29750859 PMCID: PMC6047843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind amyloid protein aggregation in diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, is often hampered by the reproducibility of in vitro assays. Yet, understanding the basic mechanisms of protein misfolding is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. We show here, that for the amyloid protein α-synuclein (aSyn), a protein involved in Parkinson's disease (PD), chromatographic buffers and storage conditions can significantly interfere with the overall structure of the protein and thus affect protein aggregation kinetics. We apply several biophysical and biochemical methods, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), to characterize the high molecular weight conformers formed during protein purification and storage. We further apply hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to characterize the monomeric form of aSyn and reveal a thus far unknown structural component of aSyn at the C-terminus of the protein. Furthermore, lyophilizing the protein greatly affected the overall structure of this monomeric conformer. We conclude from this study that structural polymorphism may occur under different storage conditions, but knowing the structure of the majority of the protein at the start of each experiment, as well as the factors that may influence it, may pave the way to an improved understanding of the mechanism leading to aSyn pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amberley
D. Stephens
- Departmtent
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Nadezhda Nespovitaya
- Departmtent
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Maria Zacharopoulou
- Departmtent
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Departmtent
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Jonathan J. Phillips
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle
- Departmtent
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, U.K.
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59
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Revisiting the Paraquat-Induced Sporadic Parkinson's Disease-Like Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1044-1055. [PMID: 29862459 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1-2% of the total global population. Despite its high prevalence and publication of several studies focused on understanding its pathology, an effective treatment that stops and/or reverses the damage to dopaminergic neurons is unavailable. Similar to other neurodegenerative disorders, PD etiology may be linked to several factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental elements. Regarding environmental factors, several neurotoxic pollutants, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), have been identified. Moreover, some pesticides/herbicides, such as rotenone, paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), and mancozeb (MZ), cause neurotoxicity and induce a PD-like pathology. Based on these findings, several in vitro and in vivo PD-like models have been developed to understand the pathophysiology of PD and evaluate different therapeutic strategies to fight dopaminergic neurodegeneration. 6-OHDA and MPTP are common models used in PD research, and pesticide-based approaches have become secondary models of study. However, some herbicides, such as PQ, are commonly used by farming laborers in developing countries. Thus, the present review summarizes the relevant scientific background regarding the use and effects of chronic exposure to PQ in the context of PD. Similarly, we discuss the relevance of PD-like models developed using this agrochemical compound.
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60
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Yang J, Dear AJ, Michaels TCT, Dobson CM, Knowles TPJ, Wu S, Perrett S. Direct Observation of Oligomerization by Single Molecule Fluorescence Reveals a Multistep Aggregation Mechanism for the Yeast Prion Protein Ure2. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2493-2503. [PMID: 29357227 PMCID: PMC5880511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The self-assembly of polypeptides
into amyloid structures is associated
with a range of increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative diseases
as well as with a select set of functional processes in biology. The
phenomenon of self-assembly results in species with dramatically different
sizes, from small oligomers to large fibrils; however, the kinetic
relationship between these species is challenging to characterize.
In the case of prion aggregates, these structures can self-replicate
and act as infectious agents. Here we use single molecule spectroscopy
to obtain quantitative information on the oligomer populations formed
during aggregation of the yeast prion protein Ure2. Global analysis
of the aggregation kinetics reveals the molecular mechanism underlying
oligomer formation and depletion. Quantitative characterization indicates
that the majority of Ure2 oligomers are relatively short-lived, and
their rate of dissociation is much higher than their rate of conversion
into growing fibrils. We identify an initial metastable oligomer,
which can subsequently convert into a structurally distinct oligomer,
which in turn converts into growing fibrils. We also show that fragmentation
is responsible for the autocatalytic self-replication of Ure2 fibrils,
but that preformed fibrils do not promote oligomer formation, indicating
that secondary nucleation of the type observed for peptides and proteins
associated with neurodegenerative disease does not occur at a significant
rate for Ure2. These results establish a framework for elucidating
the temporal and causal relationship between oligomers and larger
fibrillar species in amyloid forming systems, and provide insights
into why functional amyloid systems are not toxic to their host organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexander J Dear
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Cavendish Laboratory , J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 1HE, United Kingdom
| | - Si Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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61
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Suzuki M, Sango K, Wada K, Nagai Y. Pathological role of lipid interaction with α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:97-106. [PMID: 29305919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In sporadic PD and DLB, normally harmless αSyn proteins without any mutations might gain toxic functions by unknown mechanisms. Thus, it is important to elucidate the factors promoting the toxic conversion of αSyn, towards understanding the pathogenesis of and developing disease-modifying therapies for PD and DLB. Accumulating biophysical and biochemical studies have demonstrated that αSyn interacts with lipid membrane, and the interaction influences αSyn oligomerization and aggregation. Furthermore, genetic and clinicopathological studies have revealed mutations in the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) gene, which encodes a degrading enzyme for the glycolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer), as strong risk factors for PD and DLB, and we recently demonstrated that GlcCer promotes toxic conversion of αSyn. Moreover, pathological studies have shown the existence of αSyn pathology in lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) patient' brain, in which glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is found to be accumulated. In this review, we focus on the lipids as a key factor for inducing wild-type (WT) αSyn toxic conversion, we summarize the knowledge about the interaction between αSyn and lipid membrane, and propose our hypothesis that aberrantly accumulated GSLs might contribute to the toxic conversion of αSyn. Identifying the trigger for toxic conversion of αSyn would open a new therapeutic road to attenuate or prevent crucial events leading to the formation of toxic αSyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Suzuki
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan; Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan.
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62
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Fauerbach JA, Jovin TM. Pre-aggregation kinetics and intermediates of α-synuclein monitored by the ESIPT probe 7MFE. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 47:345-362. [PMID: 29255947 PMCID: PMC5982440 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The defining feature of the extensive family of amyloid diseases is the formation of networks of entangled elongated protein fibrils and amorphous aggregates exhibiting crossed β-sheet secondary structure. The time course of amyloid conversion has been studied extensively in vitro with the proteins involved in the neurodegenerative pathology of Parkinson's disease (α-synuclein), Alzheimer's disease (Tau) and Huntington's disease (Huntingtin). Although much is known about the thermodynamics and kinetics of the transition from a soluble, intrinsically disordered monomer to the fibrillar end state, the putative oligomeric intermediates, currently considered to be the major initiators of cellular toxicity, are as yet poorly defined. We have detected and characterized amyloid precursors by monitoring AS aggregation with ESIPT (excited state intramolecular protein transfer) probes, one of which, 7MFE [7-(3-maleimido-N-propanamide)-2-(4-diethyaminophenyl)-3-hydroxychromone], is introduced here and compared with a related compound, 6MFC, used previously. A series of 140 spectra for sparsely labeled AS was acquired during the course of aggregation, and resolved into the relative contributions (spectra, intensities) of discrete molecular species including the monomeric, fibrillar, and ensemble of intermediate forms. Based on these findings, a kinetic scheme was devised to simulate progress curves as a function of key parameters. An essential feature of the model, one not previously invoked in schemes of amyloid aggregation, is the catalysis of molecular fuzziness by discrete colloidal nanoparticles arising spontaneously via monomer condensation upon exposure of AS to ≥ 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Fauerbach
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 42, 51429, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas M Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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63
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Chatani E, Yamamoto N. Recent progress on understanding the mechanisms of amyloid nucleation. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:527-534. [PMID: 29214606 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are supramolecular protein assemblies with a fibrous morphology and cross-β structure. The formation of amyloid fibrils typically follows a nucleation-dependent polymerization mechanism, in which a one-step nucleation scheme has widely been accepted. However, a variety of oligomers have been identified in early stages of fibrillation, and a nucleated conformational conversion (NCC) mechanism, in which oligomers serve as a precursor of amyloid nucleation and convert to amyloid nuclei, has been proposed. This development has raised the need to consider more complicated multi-step nucleation processes in addition to the simplest one-step process, and evidence for the direct involvement of oligomers as nucleation precursors has been obtained both experimentally and theoretically. Interestingly, the NCC mechanism has some analogy with the two-step nucleation mechanism proposed for inorganic and organic crystals and protein crystals, although a more dramatic conformational conversion of proteins should be considered in amyloid nucleation. Clarifying the properties of the nucleation precursors of amyloid fibrils in detail, in comparison with those of crystals, will allow a better understanding of the nucleation of amyloid fibrils and pave the way to develop techniques to regulate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Chatani
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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64
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Wang H, Shu Q, Rempel DL, Frieden C, Gross ML. Understanding Curli Amyloid-Protein Aggregation by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange and Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 420:16-23. [PMID: 29056864 PMCID: PMC5644351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria within Curli biofilms are protected from environmental pressures (e.g., disinfectants, antibiotics), and this is responsible for intractable infections. Understanding aggregation of the major protein component of Curli, CsgA, may uncover disease-associated amyloidogenesis mechanisms. Here, we report the application of pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to study CsgA aggregation, thereby obtaining region-specific information. By following time-dependent peptide signal depletion, presumably a result of insoluble fibril formation, we acquired sigmoidal profiles that are specific for regions (region-specific) of the protein. These signal-depletion profiles not only provide an alternative aggregation measurement, but also give insight on soluble species in the aggregation. The HDX data present as bimodal isotopic distributions, one representing a highly disordered species whereas the other a well-structured one. Although the extents of deuterium uptake of the two species remain the same with time, the relative abundance of the lower mass, less-exchanged species increases in a region-specific manner. The same region-specific aggregation properties also pertain to different aggregation conditions. Although CsgA is an intrinsically disordered protein, within the fibril it is thought to consist of five imperfect β-strand repeating units (labeled R1-R5). We found that the exterior repeating units R1 and R5 have higher aggregation propensities than do the interior units R2, R3, and R4. We also employed TEM to obtain complementary information of the well-structured species. The results provide insight on aggregation and a new approach for further application of HDX-MS to unravel aggregation mechanisms of amyloid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Qin Shu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Don L Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Carl Frieden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
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65
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Zhang T, Tian Y, Li Z, Liu S, Hu X, Yang Z, Ling X, Liu S, Zhang J. Molecular Dynamics Study to Investigate the Dimeric Structure of the Full-Length α-Synuclein in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2281-2293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhonghuang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Siming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zichao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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66
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Kumar H, Singh J, Kumari P, Udgaonkar JB. Modulation of the extent of structural heterogeneity in α-synuclein fibrils by the small molecule thioflavin T. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16891-16903. [PMID: 28760825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of intrinsically disordered, monomeric α-synuclein into β-sheet-rich oligomers and fibrils is associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Fibrillar aggregates possessing distinct structures that differ in toxicity have been observed in different pathological phenotypes. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of various fibril polymorphs with differing cytotoxic effects is essential for determining how the aggregation reaction could be modulated to favor nontoxic fibrils over toxic fibrils. In this study, two morphologically different α-synuclein fibrils, one helical and the other ribbon-like, are shown to form together. Surprisingly, a widely used small molecule for probing aggregation reactions, thioflavin T (ThT), was found to tune the structural heterogeneity found in the fibrils. The ribbon-like fibrils formed in the presence of ThT were found to have a longer structural core than the helical fibrils formed in the absence of ThT. The ribbon-like fibrils are also more toxic to cells. By facilitating the formation of ribbon-like fibrils over helical fibrils, ThT reduced the extent of fibril polymorphism. This study highlights the role of a small molecule such as ThT in selectively favoring the formation of a specific type of fibril by binding to aggregates formed early on one of multiple pathways, thereby altering the structural core and external morphology of the fibrils formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- From the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Jogender Singh
- From the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India.,the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, and
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- From the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India.,the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Hönggerberg Campus, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- From the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India,
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67
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Cremades N, Dobson CM. The contribution of biophysical and structural studies of protein self-assembly to the design of therapeutic strategies for amyloid diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:178-190. [PMID: 28709995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and the prion diseases, are characterized by a conformational conversion of normally soluble proteins or peptides into pathological species, by a process of misfolding and self-assembly that leads ultimately to the formation of amyloid fibrils. Recent studies support the idea that multiple intermediate species with a wide variety of degrees of neuronal toxicity are generated during such processes. The development of a high level of knowledge of the nature and structure of the pathogenic amyloid species would significantly enhance efforts to underline the molecular origins of these disorders and also to develop both accurate diagnoses and effective therapeutic interventions for these types of conditions. In this review, we discuss recent biophysical and structural information concerning different types of amyloid aggregates and the way in which such information can guide rational therapeutic approaches designed to target specific pathogenic events that occur during the development of these highly debilitating and increasingly common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunilo Cremades
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR(CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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68
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Herling TW, O'Connell DJ, Bauer MC, Persson J, Weininger U, Knowles TPJ, Linse S. A Microfluidic Platform for Real-Time Detection and Quantification of Protein-Ligand Interactions. Biophys J 2017; 110:1957-66. [PMID: 27166804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The key steps in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways rely on reversible noncovalent protein-ligand binding, yet the equilibrium parameters for such events remain challenging to characterize and quantify in solution. Here, we demonstrate a microfluidic platform for the detection of protein-ligand interactions with an assay time on the second timescale and without the requirement for immobilization or the presence of a highly viscous matrix. Using this approach, we obtain absolute values for the electrophoretic mobilities characterizing solvated proteins and demonstrate quantitative comparison of results obtained under different solution conditions. We apply this strategy to characterize the interaction between calmodulin and creatine kinase, which we identify as a novel calmodulin target. Moreover, we explore the differential calcium ion dependence of calmodulin ligand-binding affinities, a system at the focal point of calcium-mediated cellular signaling pathways. We further explore the effect of calmodulin on creatine kinase activity and show that it is increased by the interaction between the two proteins. These findings demonstrate the potential of quantitative microfluidic techniques to characterize binding equilibria between biomolecules under native solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese W Herling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J O'Connell
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University of College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mikael C Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Weininger
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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69
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Uversky VN. Looking at the recent advances in understanding α-synuclein and its aggregation through the proteoform prism. F1000Res 2017; 6:525. [PMID: 28491292 PMCID: PMC5399969 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite attracting the close attention of multiple researchers for the past 25 years, α-synuclein continues to be an enigma, hiding sacred truth related to its structure, function, and dysfunction, concealing mechanisms of its pathological spread within the affected brain during disease progression, and, above all, covering up the molecular mechanisms of its multipathogenicity, i.e. the ability to be associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. The goal of this article is to present the most recent advances in understanding of this protein and its aggregation and to show that the remarkable structural, functional, and dysfunctional multifaceted nature of α-synuclein can be understood using the proteoform concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding Of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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70
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Shorter J. Designer protein disaggregases to counter neurodegenerative disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 44:1-8. [PMID: 28208059 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation unify several devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are no effective therapeutics for these disorders and none that target the reversal of the aberrant protein misfolding and aggregation that cause disease. Here, I showcase important advances to define, engineer, and apply protein disaggregases to mitigate deleterious protein misfolding and counter neurodegeneration. I focus on two exogenous protein disaggregases, Hsp104 from yeast and gene 3 protein from bacteriophages, as well as endogenous human protein disaggregases, including: (a) Hsp110, Hsp70, Hsp40, and small heat-shock proteins; (b) HtrA1; and (c) NMNAT2 and Hsp90. I suggest that protein-disaggregase modalities can be channeled to treat numerous fatal and presently incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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71
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Sahin C, Lorenzen N, Lemminger L, Christiansen G, Møller IM, Vesterager LB, Pedersen LØ, Fog K, Kallunki P, Otzen DE. Antibodies against the C-terminus of α-synuclein modulate its fibrillation. Biophys Chem 2017; 220:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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72
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Structural Characteristics of α-Synuclein Oligomers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 329:79-143. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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73
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van Diggelen F, Tepper AWJW, Apetri MM, Otzen DE. α-Synuclein Oligomers: A Study in Diversity. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke van Diggelen
- Crossbeta Biosciences; Padualaan 8 3584CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
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74
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Trelle MB, Pedersen S, Østerlund EC, Madsen JB, Kristensen SR, Jørgensen TJD. An Asymmetric Runaway Domain Swap Antithrombin Dimer as a Key Intermediate for Polymerization Revealed by Hydrogen/Deuterium-Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 89:616-624. [PMID: 27783482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombin deficiency is associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. In certain families, this condition is caused by pathogenic polymerization of mutated antithrombin in the blood. To facilitate future development of pharmaceuticals against antithrombin polymerization, an improved understanding of the polymerogenic intermediates is crucial. However, X-ray crystallography of these intermediates is severely hampered by the difficulty in obtaining well-diffracting crystals of transient and heterogeneous noncovalent protein assemblies. Furthermore, their large size prohibits structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy. Here, we show how hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) provides detailed insight into the structural dynamics of each subunit in a polymerization-competent antithrombin dimer. Upon deuteration, this dimer surprisingly yields bimodal isotope distributions for the majority of peptides, demonstrating an asymmetric configuration of the two subunits. The data reveal that one subunit is very dynamic, potentially intrinsically disordered, whereas the other is considerably less dynamic. The local subunit-specific deuterium uptake of this polymerization-competent dimer strongly supports a β4A-β5A β-hairpin runaway domain swap mechanism for antithrombin polymerization. HDX-MS thus holds exceptional promise as an enabling analytical technique in the efforts toward future pharmacological intervention with protein polymerization and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Beck Trelle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital , Hobrovej 18, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eva Christina Østerlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Buur Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Søren Risom Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital , Hobrovej 18, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas J D Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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75
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Sierecki E, Giles N, Bowden Q, Polinkovsky ME, Steinbeck J, Arrioti N, Rahman D, Bhumkar A, Nicovich PR, Ross I, Parton RG, Böcking T, Gambin Y. Nanomolar oligomerization and selective co-aggregation of α-synuclein pathogenic mutants revealed by single-molecule fluorescence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37630. [PMID: 27892477 PMCID: PMC5385372 DOI: 10.1038/srep37630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies, abnormal aggregates mainly composed of α-synuclein. Moreover, cases of familial Parkinson's disease have been linked to mutations in α-synuclein. In this study, we compared the behavior of wild-type (WT) α-synuclein and five of its pathological mutants (A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D and A53T). To this end, single-molecule fluorescence detection was coupled to cell-free protein expression to measure precisely the oligomerization of proteins without purification, denaturation or labelling steps. In these conditions, we could detect the formation of oligomeric and pre-fibrillar species at very short time scale and low micromolar concentrations. The pathogenic mutants surprisingly segregated into two classes: one group forming large aggregates and fibrils while the other tending to form mostly oligomers. Strikingly, co-expression experiments reveal that members from the different groups do not generally interact with each other, both at the fibril and monomer levels. Together, this data paints a completely different picture of α-synuclein aggregation, with two possible pathways leading to the development of fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sierecki
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Nichole Giles
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Quill Bowden
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Mark E. Polinkovsky
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Arrioti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diya Rahman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Akshay Bhumkar
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Philip R. Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Ian Ross
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2032 Australia
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76
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Chaudhary H, Iyer A, Subramaniam V, Claessens MMAE. α-Synuclein Oligomers Stabilize Pre-Existing Defects in Supported Bilayers and Propagate Membrane Damage in a Fractal-Like Pattern. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11827-11836. [PMID: 27766878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles are commonly used to get insights into the mechanism by which oligomers of amyloidogenic proteins damage membranes. Oligomers of the protein α-synuclein (αS) are thought to create pores in phospholipid vesicles containing a high amount of anionic phospholipids but fail to damage vesicle membranes at low surface charge densities. The current understanding of how αS oligomers damage the membranes is thus incomplete. This incomplete understanding may, in part, result from the choice of model membrane systems. The use of free-standing membranes such as vesicles may interfere with the unraveling of some damage mechanisms because the line tension at the edge of a membrane defect or pore ensures defect closure. Here, we have used supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPC/POPS) to study the membrane damage caused by αS oligomers. Although αS oligomers were not able to initiate the disruption of POPC/POPS vesicles or intact SLBs, oligomers did stabilize and enlarge pre-existing SLB defects. The increased exposure of lipid acyl chains at the edges of defects very likely facilitates membrane-oligomer interactions, resulting in the growth of fractal domains devoid of lipids. Concomitant with the appearance of the fractal membrane damage patterns, lipids appear in solution, directly implicating αS oligomers in the observed lipid extraction. The growth of the membrane damage patterns is not limited by the binding of lipids to the oligomer. The analysis of the shape and growth of the lipid-free domains suggests the involvement of an oligomer-dependent diffusion-limited extraction mechanism. The observed αS oligomer-induced propagation of membrane defects offers new insights into the mechanisms by which αS oligomers can contribute to the loss in membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chaudhary
- Nanobiophysics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya Iyer
- Nanobiophysics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Nanoscale Biophysics Group, FOM Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Subramaniam
- Nanobiophysics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Nanoscale Biophysics Group, FOM Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille M A E Claessens
- Nanobiophysics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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77
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Structural Ensembles of Membrane-bound α-Synuclein Reveal the Molecular Determinants of Synaptic Vesicle Affinity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27125. [PMID: 27273030 PMCID: PMC4897633 DOI: 10.1038/srep27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed characterisation of the molecular determinants of membrane binding by α-synuclein (αS), a 140-residue protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease, is of fundamental significance to clarify the manner in which the balance between functional and dysfunctional processes are regulated for this protein. Despite its biological relevance, the structural nature of the membrane-bound state αS remains elusive, in part because of the intrinsically dynamic nature of the protein and also because of the difficulties in studying this state in a physiologically relevant environment. In the present study we have used solid-state NMR and restrained MD simulations to refine structure and topology of the N-terminal region of αS bound to the surface of synaptic-like membranes. This region has fundamental importance in the binding mechanism of αS as it acts as to anchor the protein to lipid bilayers. The results enabled the identification of the key elements for the biological properties of αS in its membrane-bound state.
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78
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Alpha-synuclein and familial variants affect the chain order and the thermotropic phase behavior of anionic lipid vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1206-1214. [PMID: 27177693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSN) is a presynaptic protein with a pathological role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The mutants A30P, E46K and A53T are involved in PD early-onset forms. aSN is natively unfolded but can self-assemble to oligomers and fibrils and binds anionic membranes in a helical conformation. We study the influence of wild-type (wt) aSN and familial variants on the chain order and thermotropic phase behavior of anionic dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) bilayers by using electron spin resonance and calorimetry, respectively. The alpha-helical conformation of the proteins in the membrane-bound state is assessed by circular dichroism thermal scans. wt and mutated aSN upon binding to fluid DMPG vesicles progressively increase chain order. Lipid:protein molar binding stoichiometries correspond to 50 for A30P, 35-36 for aSN and A53T, 30 for E46K. The temperature range over which the variants assume the α-helical fold correlates directly with the density of proteins on vesicle surfaces. All variants preserve the characteristic chain flexibility gradient and impart motional restriction in the lipid chain. This is evident at the first CH2 segments and is markedly reduced at the chain termini, disappearing completely for A30P. The proteins slightly reduce DMPG main transition temperature, revealing preferential affinity for the fluid phase, and broaden the transition, promoting gel-fluid phase coexistence. The overall results are consistent with protein surface association in which the degree of binding correlates with the degree of folding and perturbation of the membrane bilayer. However, the degree of binding of monomer to membrane does not correlate directly with aSN toxicity in vivo.
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79
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Structural and functional properties of prefibrillar α-synuclein oligomers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24526. [PMID: 27075649 PMCID: PMC4830946 DOI: 10.1038/srep24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of fibrillar alpha-synuclein (α-syn) within inclusions (Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites) in neurons and glial cells is a hallmark of synucleinopathies. α-syn populates a variety of assemblies ranging from prefibrillar oligomeric species to fibrils whose specific contribution to neurodegeneration is still unclear. Here, we compare the specific structural and biological properties of distinct soluble prefibrillar α-syn oligomers formed either spontaneously or in the presence of dopamine and glutaraldehyde. We show that both on-fibrillar assembly pathway and distinct dopamine-mediated and glutaraldehyde-cross-linked α-syn oligomers are only slightly effective in perturbing cell membrane integrity and inducing cytotoxicity, while mature fibrils exhibit the highest toxicity. In contrast to low-molecular weight and unstable oligomers, large stable α-syn oligomers seed the aggregation of soluble α-syn within reporter cells although to a lesser extent than mature α-syn fibrils. These oligomers appear elongated in shape. Our findings suggest that α-syn oligomers represent a continuum of species ranging from unstable low molecular weight particles to mature fibrils via stable elongated oligomers composed of more than 15 α-syn monomers that possess seeding capacity.
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80
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Salveson PJ, Spencer RK, Nowick JS. X-ray Crystallographic Structure of Oligomers Formed by a Toxic β-Hairpin Derived from α-Synuclein: Trimers and Higher-Order Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4458-67. [PMID: 26926877 PMCID: PMC4825732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Oligomeric
assemblies of the protein α-synuclein are thought
to cause neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease and related
synucleinopathies. Characterization of α-synuclein oligomers
at high resolution is an outstanding challenge in the field of structural
biology. The absence of high-resolution structures of oligomers formed
by α-synuclein impedes understanding the synucleinopathies at
the molecular level. This paper reports the X-ray crystallographic
structure of oligomers formed by a peptide derived from residues 36–55
of α-synuclein. The peptide 1a adopts a β-hairpin
structure, which assembles in a hierarchical fashion. Three β-hairpins
assemble to form a triangular trimer. Three copies of the triangular
trimer assemble to form a basket-shaped nonamer. Two nonamers pack
to form an octadecamer. Molecular modeling suggests that full-length
α-synuclein may also be able to assemble in this fashion. Circular
dichroism spectroscopy demonstrates that peptide 1a interacts
with anionic lipid bilayer membranes, like oligomers of full-length
α-synuclein. LDH and MTT assays demonstrate that peptide 1a is toxic toward SH-SY5Y cells. Comparison of peptide 1a to homologues suggests that this toxicity results from
nonspecific interactions with the cell membrane. The oligomers formed
by peptide 1a are fundamentally different than the proposed
models of the fibrils formed by α-synuclein and suggest that
α-Syn36–55, rather than the NAC, may nucleate
oligomer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Salveson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ryan K Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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81
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Direct Detection of α-Synuclein Dimerization Dynamics: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Analysis. Biophys J 2016; 108:2038-47. [PMID: 25902443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) is linked to Parkinson's disease. The mechanism of early aggregation steps and the effect of pathogenic single-point mutations remain elusive. We report here a single-molecule fluorescence study of α-Syn dimerization and the effect of mutations. Specific interactions between tethered fluorophore-free α-Syn monomers on a substrate and fluorophore-labeled monomers diffusing freely in solution were observed using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that wild-type (WT) α-Syn dimers adopt two types of dimers. The lifetimes of type 1 and type 2 dimers were determined to be 197 ± 3 ms and 3334 ± 145 ms, respectively. All three of the mutations used, A30P, E46K, and A53T, increased the lifetime of type 1 dimer and enhanced the relative population of type 2 dimer, with type 1 dimer constituting the major fraction. The kinetic stability of type 1 dimers (expressed in terms of lifetime) followed the order A30P (693 ± 14 ms) > E46K (292 ± 5 ms) > A53T (226 ± 6 ms) > WT (197 ± 3 ms). Type 2 dimers, which are more stable, had lifetimes in the range of several seconds. The strongest effect, observed for the A30P mutant, resulted in a lifetime 3.5 times higher than observed for the WT type 1 dimer. This mutation also doubled the relative fraction of type 2 dimer. These data show that single-point mutations promote dimerization, and they suggest that the structural heterogeneity of α-Syn dimers could lead to different aggregation pathways.
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82
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Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (αSN) into oligomeric structures has received increasing interest during the last 10-15 years. The oligomers' potential involvement in Parkinson's disease makes them a promising therapeutic target. Therefore reproducible protocols to prepare and analyze oligomers are very important to allow direct comparison of results obtained by different research groups. In this chapter we present one established method to obtain αSN oligomers from a monomeric ensemble in a relatively easy manner. Also, we briefly discuss a selection of biophysical methods which allow for a quick characterization of oligomer purity and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 171 77
| | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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83
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Mohammad-Beigi H, Shojaosadati SA, Marvian AT, Pedersen JN, Klausen LH, Christiansen G, Pedersen JS, Dong M, Morshedi D, Otzen DE. Strong interactions with polyethylenimine-coated human serum albumin nanoparticles (PEI-HSA NPs) alter α-synuclein conformation and aggregation kinetics. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19627-19640. [PMID: 26549058 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and the small intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (αSN), whose aggregation is central in the development of Parkinson's disease, is of great relevance in biomedical applications of NPs as drug carriers. Here we showed using a combination of different techniques that αSN interacts strongly with positively charged polyethylenimine-coated human serum albumin (PEI-HSA) NPs, leading to a significant alteration in the αSN secondary structure. In contrast, the weak interactions of αSN with HSA NPs allowed αSN to remain unfolded. These different levels of interactions had different effects on αSN aggregation. While the weakly interacting HSA NPs did not alter the aggregation kinetic parameters of αSN, the rate of primary nucleation increased in the presence of PEI-HSA NPs. The aggregation rate changed in a PEI-HSA NP-concentration dependent and size independent manner and led to fibrils which were covered with small aggregates. Furthermore, PEI-HSA NPs reduced the level of membrane-perturbing oligomers and reduced oligomer toxicity in cell assays, highlighting a potential role for NPs in reducing αSN pathogenicity in vivo. Collectively, our results highlight the fact that a simple modification of NPs can strongly modulate interactions with target proteins, which may have important and positive implications in NP safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. and Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lasse Hyldgaard Klausen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Biomedicine-Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box: 1417863171, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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84
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Tosatto L, Horrocks MH, Dear AJ, Knowles TPJ, Dalla Serra M, Cremades N, Dobson CM, Klenerman D. Single-molecule FRET studies on alpha-synuclein oligomerization of Parkinson's disease genetically related mutants. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16696. [PMID: 26582456 PMCID: PMC4652217 DOI: 10.1038/srep16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of alpha-synuclein are toxic to cells and have been proposed to play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. As certain missense mutations in the gene encoding for alpha-synuclein induce early-onset forms of the disease, it has been suggested that these variants might have an inherent tendency to produce high concentrations of oligomers during aggregation, although a direct experimental evidence for this is still missing. We used single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer to visualize directly the protein self-assembly process by wild-type alpha-synuclein and A53T, A30P and E46K mutants and to compare the structural properties of the ensemble of oligomers generated. We found that the kinetics of oligomer formation correlates with the natural tendency of each variant to acquire beta-sheet structure. Moreover, A53T and A30P showed significant differences in the averaged FRET efficiency of one of the two types of oligomers formed compared to the wild-type oligomers, indicating possible structural variety among the ensemble of species generated. Importantly, we found similar concentrations of oligomers during the lag-phase of the aggregation of wild-type and mutated alpha-synuclein, suggesting that the properties of the ensemble of oligomers generated during self-assembly might be more relevant than their absolute concentration for triggering neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tosatto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.,Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander J Dear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Mauro Dalla Serra
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nunilo Cremades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
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85
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Villar-Piqué A, Lopes da Fonseca T, Outeiro TF. Structure, function and toxicity of alpha-synuclein: the Bermuda triangle in synucleinopathies. J Neurochem 2015; 139 Suppl 1:240-255. [PMID: 26190401 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease belongs to a group of currently incurable neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the misfolding and accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates that are commonly known as synucleinopathies. Clinically, synucleinopathies are heterogeneous, reflecting the somewhat selective neuronal vulnerability characteristic of each disease. The precise molecular underpinnings of synucleinopathies remain unclear, but the process of aggregation of alpha-synuclein appears as a central event. However, there is still no consensus with respect to the toxic forms of alpha-synuclein, hampering our ability to use the protein as a target for therapeutic intervention. To decipher the molecular bases of synucleinopathies, it is essential to understand the complex triangle formed between the structure, function and toxicity of alpha-synuclein. Recently, important steps have been undertaken to elucidate the role of the protein in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings in the field of alpha-synuclein research, and put forward a new perspective over paradigms that persist in the field. Establishing whether alpha-synuclein has a causative role in all synucleinopathies will enable the identification of targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this devastating group of disorders. Alpha-synuclein is the speculated cornerstone of several neurodegenerative disorders known as Synucleinopathies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic effects of this protein remain unknown. Here, we review the recent findings in the three corners of alpha-synuclein biology - structure, function and toxicity - and discuss the enigmatic roads that have accompanied alpha-synuclein from the beginning. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Villar-Piqué
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomás Lopes da Fonseca
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. .,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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86
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Amyloid fibrils are the molecular trigger of inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Biochem J 2015; 471:323-33. [PMID: 26272943 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related movement disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Although the presence of amyloid deposits of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the main pathological feature, PD brains also present a severe permanent inflammation, which largely contributes to neuropathology. Although α-syn has recently been implicated in this process, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the ability of different α-syn aggregates to trigger inflammatory responses. We showed that α-syn induced inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome only when folded as amyloid fibrils. Oligomeric species, thought to be the primary species responsible for the disease, were surprisingly unable to trigger the same cascades. As neuroinflammation is a key player in PD pathology, these results put fibrils back to the fore and rekindles discussions about the primary toxic species contributing to the disease. Our data also suggest that the inflammatory properties of α-syn fibrils are linked to their intrinsic structure, most probably to their cross-β structure. Since fibrils of other amyloids induce similar immunological responses, we propose that the canonical fibril-specific cross-β structure represents a new generic motif recognized by the innate immune system.
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87
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Breydo L, Uversky VN. Structural, morphological, and functional diversity of amyloid oligomers. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2640-8. [PMID: 26188543 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are known to play a crucial role in a number of important human diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion, diabetes, cataracts, etc.) as well as in a multitude of physiological processes. Protein aggregation is a highly complex process resulting in a variety of aggregates with different structures and morphologies. Oligomeric protein aggregates (amyloid oligomers) are formed as both intermediates and final products of the aggregation process. They are believed to play an important role in many protein aggregation-related diseases, and many of them are highly cytotoxic. Due to their instability and structural heterogeneity, information about structure, mechanism of formation, and physiological effects of amyloid oligomers is sparse. This review attempts to summarize the existing information on the major properties of amyloid oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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88
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Shaykhalishahi H, Gauhar A, Wördehoff MM, Grüning CSR, Klein AN, Bannach O, Stoldt M, Willbold D, Härd T, Hoyer W. Contact between the β1 and β2 Segments of α-Synuclein that Inhibits Amyloid Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8837-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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89
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Shaykhalishahi H, Gauhar A, Wördehoff MM, Grüning CSR, Klein AN, Bannach O, Stoldt M, Willbold D, Härd T, Hoyer W. Kontakt zwischen den β1- und β2-Segmenten von α-Synuclein inhibiert die Amyloidbildung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Structural characterization of toxic oligomers that are kinetically trapped during α-synuclein fibril formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1994-2003. [PMID: 25855634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421204112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the isolation and detailed structural characterization of stable toxic oligomers of α-synuclein that have accumulated during the process of amyloid formation. Our approach has allowed us to identify distinct subgroups of oligomers and to probe their molecular architectures by using cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) image reconstruction techniques. Although the oligomers exist in a range of sizes, with different extents and nature of β-sheet content and exposed hydrophobicity, they all possess a hollow cylindrical architecture with similarities to certain types of amyloid fibril, suggesting that the accumulation of at least some forms of amyloid oligomers is likely to be a consequence of very slow rates of rearrangement of their β-sheet structures. Our findings reveal the inherent multiplicity of the process of protein misfolding and the key role the β-sheet geometry acquired in the early stages of the self-assembly process plays in dictating the kinetic stability and the pathological nature of individual oligomeric species.
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91
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Andreasen M, Lorenzen N, Otzen D. Interactions between misfolded protein oligomers and membranes: A central topic in neurodegenerative diseases? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1897-907. [PMID: 25666871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid material has been associated with many different diseases. Although these diseases are very diverse the amyloid material share many common features such as cross-β-sheet structure of the backbone of the proteins deposited. Another common feature of the aggregation process for a wide variety of proteins is the presence of prefibrillar oligomers. These oligomers are linked to the cytotoxicity occurring during the aggregation of proteins. These prefibrillar oligomers interact extensively with lipid membranes and in some cases leads to destabilization of lipid membranes. This interaction is however highly dependent on the nature of both the oligomer and the lipids. Anionic lipids are often required for interaction with the lipid membrane while increased exposure of hydrophobic patches from highly dynamic protein oligomers are structural determinants of cytotoxicity of the oligomers. To explore the oligomer lipid interaction in detail the interaction between oligomers of α-synuclein and the 4th fasciclin-1 domain of TGFBIp with lipid membranes will be examined here. For both proteins the dynamic species are the ones causing membrane destabilization and the membrane interaction is primarily seen when the lipid membranes contain anionic lipids. Hence the dynamic nature of oligomers with exposed hydrophobic patches alongside the presence of anionic lipids could be essential for the cytotoxicity observed for prefibrillar oligomers in general. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andreasen
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Department of Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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92
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Phillips AS, Gomes AF, Kalapothakis JMD, Gillam JE, Gasparavicius J, Gozzo FC, Kunath T, MacPhee C, Barran PE. Conformational dynamics of α-synuclein: insights from mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:3070-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Different mass spectrometry approaches are combined to investigate the conformational flexibility of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Phillips
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Alexandre F. Gomes
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP
- Brazil
| | | | - Jay E. Gillam
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP
- Brazil
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Cait MacPhee
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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93
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Serra-Vidal B, Pujadas L, Rossi D, Soriano E, Madurga S, Carulla N. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-protected oligomers populated during Aβ fibril formation correlate with neuronal cell death. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2678-85. [PMID: 25265274 DOI: 10.1021/cb500621x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) to form fibrils and plaques is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it is well established that this process generates neurotoxicity, it is also heterogeneous with a variety of species being formed during the conversion process. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to detect and characterize each of the aggregates formed, which precludes establishing the specific features responsible for the neurotoxicity observed. Here we use pulse-labeling hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PL-HDX-ESI-MS) to distinguish three ensembles populated during the aggregation of the 40 and 42 residue forms of the Aβ peptide, Aβ40 and Aβ42, on the basis of differences in their persistent structure. Noticeably, two of them are more abundant at the beginning and at the end of the lag phase and are therefore not detectable by conventional assays such as Thioflavin T (ThT). The ensembles populated at different stages of the aggregation process have a surprisingly consistent average degree of exchange, indicating that there are definite structural transitions between the different stages of aggregation. To determine whether an ensemble of species with a given hydrogen exchange pattern correlates with neurotoxicity, we combined PL-HDX-ESI-MS experiments with parallel measurements of the neurotoxicity of the samples under study. The results of this dual approach show that the maximum toxicity correlates with the ensemble comprising HDX protected oligomers, indicating that development of persistent structure within Aβ oligomers is a determinant of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Serra-Vidal
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Diagonal
647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Diagonal
647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Diagonal
647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIEN Foundation, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Natàlia Carulla
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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94
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Bédard L, Lefèvre T, Morin-Michaud É, Auger M. Besides Fibrillization: Putative Role of the Peptide Fragment 71–82 on the Structural and Assembly Behavior of α-Synuclein. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6463-72. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Bédard
- Department of Chemistry,
Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction,
la Structure et l’Ingénierie des Protéines (PROTEO),
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA),
Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels
(CQMF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Department of Chemistry,
Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction,
la Structure et l’Ingénierie des Protéines (PROTEO),
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA),
Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels
(CQMF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Émilie Morin-Michaud
- Department of Chemistry,
Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction,
la Structure et l’Ingénierie des Protéines (PROTEO),
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA),
Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels
(CQMF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Auger
- Department of Chemistry,
Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction,
la Structure et l’Ingénierie des Protéines (PROTEO),
Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA),
Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels
(CQMF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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95
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Paslawski W, Andreasen M, Nielsen SB, Lorenzen N, Thomsen K, Kaspersen JD, Pedersen JS, Otzen DE. High stability and cooperative unfolding of α-synuclein oligomers. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6252-63. [PMID: 25216651 DOI: 10.1021/bi5007833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are linked with formation of amyloid aggregates. It is increasingly accepted that not the fibrils but rather oligomeric species are responsible for degeneration of neuronal cells. Strong evidence suggests that in Parkinson's disease (PD), cytotoxic α-synuclein (αSN) oligomers are key to pathogenicity. Nevertheless, insight into the oligomers' molecular properties remains scarce. Here we show that αSN oligomers, despite a large amount of disordered structure, are remarkably stable against extreme pH, temperature, and even molar amounts of chemical denaturants, though they undergo cooperative unfolding at higher denaturant concentrations. Mutants found in familial PD lead to slightly larger oligomers whose stabilities are very similar to that of wild-type αSN. Isolated oligomers do not revert to monomers but predominantly form larger aggregates consisting of stacked oligomers, suggesting that they are off-pathway relative to the process of fibril formation. We also demonstrate that 4-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine (DCVJ) can be used as a specific probe for detection of αSN oligomers. The high stability of the αSN oligomer indicates that therapeutic strategies should aim to prevent the formation of or passivate rather than dissociate this cytotoxic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Paslawski
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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96
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Lorenzen N, Nielsen SB, Yoshimura Y, Vad BS, Andersen CB, Betzer C, Kaspersen JD, Christiansen G, Pedersen JS, Jensen PH, Mulder FAA, Otzen DE. How epigallocatechin gallate can inhibit α-synuclein oligomer toxicity in vitro. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21299-310. [PMID: 24907278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric species of various proteins are linked to the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, there is intense focus on the discovery of novel inhibitors, e.g. small molecules and antibodies, to inhibit the formation and block the toxicity of oligomers. In Parkinson disease, the protein α-synuclein (αSN) forms cytotoxic oligomers. The flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has previously been shown to redirect the aggregation of αSN monomers and remodel αSN amyloid fibrils into disordered oligomers. Here, we dissect EGCG's mechanism of action. EGCG inhibits the ability of preformed oligomers to permeabilize vesicles and induce cytotoxicity in a rat brain cell line. However, EGCG does not affect oligomer size distribution or secondary structure. Rather, EGCG immobilizes the C-terminal region and moderately reduces the degree of binding of oligomers to membranes. We interpret our data to mean that the oligomer acts by destabilizing the membrane rather than by direct pore formation. This suggests that reduction (but not complete abolition) of the membrane affinity of the oligomer is sufficient to prevent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Lorenzen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures
| | - Søren B Nielsen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures
| | - Yuichi Yoshimura
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Departments of Chemistry
| | - Brian S Vad
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures
| | | | | | - Jørn D Kaspersen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Departments of Chemistry
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Biomedicine-Medical Immunology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan S Pedersen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Departments of Chemistry
| | | | - Frans A A Mulder
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Departments of Chemistry
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures,
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