51
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Gao Y, Jing Y, Li L, Zhang J, Chen X, Ma YN. Synthesis of Phenanthridines through Iodine-Supported Intramolecular C–H Amination and Oxidation under Visible Light. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12187-12198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yi Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lixin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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52
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Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
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53
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry Cantocks Close Bristol, Avon BS8 1TS UK
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54
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Paveliev SA, Churakov AI, Alimkhanova LS, Segida OO, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical Synthesis of
O
‐Phthalimide Oximes from
α
‐Azido Styrenes
via
Radical Sequence: Generation, Addition and Recombination of Imide‐
N
‐Oxyl and Iminyl Radicals with C−O/N−O Bonds Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Churakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Liliya S. Alimkhanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O. Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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55
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Budnikov AS, Terent’ev AO. Oxime radicals: generation, properties and application in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1234-1276. [PMID: 32550935 PMCID: PMC7277713 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Oxyl radicals (compounds with an N-O• fragment) represent one of the richest families of stable and persistent organic radicals with applications ranging from catalysis of selective oxidation processes and mechanistic studies to production of polymers, energy storage, magnetic materials design and spectroscopic studies of biological objects. Compared to other N-oxyl radicals, oxime radicals (or iminoxyl radicals) have been underestimated for a long time as useful intermediates for organic synthesis, despite the fact that their precursors, oximes, are extremely widespread and easily available organic compounds. Furthermore, oxime radicals are structurally exceptional. In these radicals, the N-O• fragment is connected to an organic moiety by a double bond, whereas all other classes of N-oxyl radicals contain an R2N-O• fragment with two single C-N bonds. Although oxime radicals have been known since 1964, their broad synthetic potential was not recognized until the last decade, when numerous selective reactions of oxidative cyclization, functionalization, and coupling mediated by iminoxyl radicals were discovered. This review is focused on the synthetic methods based on iminoxyl radicals developed in the last ten years and also contains some selected data on previous works regarding generation, structure, stability, and spectral properties of these N-oxyl radicals. The reactions of oxime radicals are classified into intermolecular (oxidation by oxime radicals, oxidative C-O coupling) and intramolecular. The majority of works are devoted to intramolecular reactions of oxime radicals. These reactions are classified into cyclizations involving C-H bond cleavage and cyclizations involving a double C=C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander S Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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56
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Zhang J, Wang H, Chen Y, Xie H, Ding C, Tan J, Xu K. Electrochemical synthesis of selenocyanated imidazo[1,5-a]quinolines under metal catalyst- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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57
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Wirtanen T, Rodrigo E, Waldvogel SR. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Reduction of Substrates Involving N−O Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wirtanen
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- epartment ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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58
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Li J, Yang P, Xie X, Jiang S, Tao L, Li Z, Lu C, Liu W. Catalyst‐Free Electrosynthesis of Benzimidazolones through Intramolecular Oxidative C−N Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Sheng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan‐Pan Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Yun Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Si Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute Changsha 410004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui‐Hong Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for AgrochemicalsHunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha 410007 People's Republic of China
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59
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Hou Z, Xu H. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Alkynes
via
Amidyl Radical Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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60
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Siu JC, Fu N, Lin S. Catalyzing Electrosynthesis: A Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Approach to Reaction Discovery. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:547-560. [PMID: 32077681 PMCID: PMC7245362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has been used as a tool to drive chemical reactions for over two centuries. With the help of an electrode and a power source, chemists are bestowed with an imaginary reagent whose potential can be precisely dialed in. The theoretically infinite redox range renders electrochemistry capable of oxidizing or reducing some of the most tenacious compounds (e.g., F- to F2 and Li+ to Li0). Meanwhile, a granular level of control over the electrode potential allows for the chemoselective differentiation of functional groups with minute differences in potential. These features make electrochemistry an attractive technique for the discovery of new modes of reactivity and transformations that are not readily accessible with chemical reagents alone. Furthermore, the use of an electrical current in place of chemical redox agents improves the cost-efficiency of chemical processes and reduces byproduct generation. Therefore, electrochemistry represents an attractive approach to meet the prevailing trends in organic synthesis and has seen increasingly broad use in the synthetic community over the past several years.While electrochemical oxidation or reduction can provide access to reactive intermediates, redox-active molecular catalysts (i.e., electrocatalysts) can also enable the generation of these intermediates at reduced potentials with improved chemoselectivity. Moreover, electrocatalysts can impart control over the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities of the chemical processes that take place after electron transfer at electrode surfaces. Thus, electrocatalysis has the potential to significantly broaden the scope of organic electrochemistry and enable a wide range of new transformations. Our initial foray into electrocatalytic synthesis led to the development of two generations of alkene diazidation reactions, using transition-metal and organic catalysis, respectively. In these reactions, the electrocatalysts play two critical roles; they promote the single-electron oxidation of N3- at a reduced potential and complex with the resultant transient N3• to form persistent reactive intermediates. The catalysts facilitate the sequential addition of 2 equiv of azide across the alkene substrates, leading to a diverse array of synthetically useful vicinally diaminated products.We further applied this electrocatalytic radical mechanism to the heterodifunctionalization of alkenes. Anodically coupled electrolysis enables the simultaneous anodic generation of two distinct radical intermediates, and the appropriate choice of catalyst allowed the subsequent alkene addition to occur in a chemo- and regioselective fashion. Using this strategy, a variety of difunctionalization reactions, including halotrifluoromethylation, haloalkylation, and azidophosphinoylation, were successfully developed. Importantly, we also demonstrated enantioselective electrocatalysis in the context of Cu-promoted cyanofunctionalization reactions by employing a chiral bisoxazoline ligand. Finally, by introducing a second electrocatalyst that mediates oxidatively induced hydrogen atom transfer, we expanded scope of electrocatalysis to hydrofunctionalization reactions, achieving hydrocyanation of conjugated alkenes in high enantioselectivity. These developments showcase the generality of our electrocatalytic strategy in the context of alkene functionalization reactions. We anticipate that electrocatalysis will play an increasingly important role in the ongoing renaissance of synthetic organic electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno C. Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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61
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Wang Y, Tian B, Ding M, Shi Z. Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling between Phenols and β-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Facile Construction of Benzofurans. Chemistry 2020; 26:4297-4303. [PMID: 31900957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Preparative electrochemical synthesis is an ideal method for establishing green, sustainable processes. The major benefits of an electro-organic strategy over that of conventional chemical synthesis are the avoidance of reagent waste and mild reaction conditions. Here, an intermolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling between phenols and β-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed to build various benzofurans under undivided electrolytic conditions. Neither transition metals nor external chemical oxidants are required to facilitate the dehydrogenation and dehydration processes. The key factor in success was the use of nBu4 NBF4 as the electrolyte and hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent, which play key roles in the cyclocondensation step. This electrolysis is scalable and can be used as a key step in drug synthesis. On the basis of several experimental results, the mechanism, particularly of the remarkable anodic oxidation and cyclization process, was illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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62
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Aksenov NA, Gasanova AZ, Prokonov FY, Aksenov DA, Abakarov GM, Aksenov AV. Synthesis of 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolines by SnCl4-catalyzed cyclization of indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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63
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Fan J, Li L, Zhang J, Xie M. Expeditious synthesis of phenanthridines through a Pd/MnO2-mediated C–H arylation/oxidative annulation cascade from aldehydes, aryl iodides and amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2775-2778. [PMID: 32022095 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00300j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The expeditious access to phenanthridines through a Pd/MnO2-mediated arylation/oxidative annulation cascade from aldehydes, aryl iodides and amino acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
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64
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Yang Z, Lu F, Li H, Zhang Y, Lin W, Guo P, Wan J, Shi R, Wang T, Lei A. Direct electrooxidation of alkynes to benzoin bis-ethers. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis of benzoin bis-ethers from alkynes and alcohols under metal-free and external oxidant free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhuan Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Fangling Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Wen Lin
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Juelin Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Renyi Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
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65
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Lu FY, Chen YJ, Chen Y, Ding X, Guan Z, He YH. Highly enantioselective electrosynthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:623-626. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric electrosynthesis is developed by combining anodic oxidation and proline-catalysis to realize enantioselective synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones from 2-arylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fo-Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yu-Jue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Xuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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66
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Abstract
N-centered radicals are versatile reaction intermediates that can react with various π systems to construct C-N bonds. Current methods for generating N-centered radicals usually involve the cleavage of an N-heteroatom bond; however, similar strategies that are applicable to N-H bonds prove to be more challenging to develop and therefore are attracting increasing attention. In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts in the development of electrochemical methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of N-centered radicals. In our studies, N-aryl amidyl radical, amidinyl radical and iminyl radical cation intermediates are generated from N-H precursors through direct electrolysis or indirect electrolysis assisted by a redox catalyst. In addition, an electrocatalytic method that converts oximes to iminoxyl radicals has also been developed. The electrophilic amidyl radical intermediates can participate in 5-exo or 6-exo cyclization with alkenes and alkynes to afford C-centered radicals, which can then undergo various transformations such as H atom abstraction, single-electron transfer oxidation to a carbocation, cyclization, or aromatic substitution, leading to a diverse range of N-heterocyclic products. Furthermore, amidinyl radicals, iminyl radical cations, and iminoxyl radicals can undergo intramolecular aromatic substitution to afford various N-heteroaromatic compounds. Importantly, the electrochemical reaction can be channeled toward a specific product despite the presence of other competing pathways. For a successful electrosynthesis, it is important to take into consideration of both the electron transfer steps associated with the electrode and the nonelectrode related processes. A unique feature of electrochemistry is the simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, which, as this Account demonstrates, allows the dehydrogenative transformations to proceed through H2 evolution without the need for chemical oxidants. In addition, cathodic solvent reduction can continuously generate a low concentration of base, which facilitates anodic substrate oxidation. Such a mechanistic paradigm obviates the need for stoichiometric strong bases and avoids base-promoted decomposition of sensitive substrates or products. Furthermore, electrode materials can also be adjusted to control the reaction outcome, as demonstrated by the synthesis of N-heteroaromatics and the corresponding N-oxides from biaryl ketoximes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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67
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Kobayashi E, Kishi A, Togo H. 6-Arylphenanthridines from Aryl o
-Biaryl Ketones with 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane and Molecular Iodine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku 263-8522 Chiba Japan
| | - Atsushi Kishi
- Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku 263-8522 Chiba Japan
| | - Hideo Togo
- Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku 263-8522 Chiba Japan
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68
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Ma Y, Yao X, Zhang L, Ni P, Cheng R, Ye J. Direct Arylation of α‐Amino C(sp
3
)‐H Bonds by Convergent Paired Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Pufan Ni
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process ChemistryMinistry of EducationShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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69
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Ma Y, Yao X, Zhang L, Ni P, Cheng R, Ye J. Direct Arylation of α-Amino C(sp 3 )-H Bonds by Convergent Paired Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16548-16552. [PMID: 31508880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free convergent paired electrolysis strategy to synthesize benzylic amines through direct arylation of tertiary amines and benzonitrile derivatives at room temperature has been developed. This TEMPO-mediated electrocatalytic reaction makes full use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction without metals or stoichiometric oxidants, thus showing great potential and advantages for practical synthesis. This convergent paired electrolysis method provides a straightforward and powerful means to activate C-H bonds and realize cross-coupling with cathodically generated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Pufan Ni
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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70
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Huang C, Xu HC. Synthesis of 1,3-benzothiazines by intramolecular dehydrogenative C–S cross-coupling in a flow electrolysis cell. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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71
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Wu YC, Jiang SS, Luo SZ, Song RJ, Li JH. Transition-metal- and oxidant-free directed anodic C-H sulfonylation of N,N-disubstituted anilines with sulfinates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8995-8998. [PMID: 31290859 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new, practical directed anodic C-H sulfonylation of N,N-disubstituted anilines with sodium sulfinates for producing o- or p-amino arylsulfones and diarylsulfones is described. Employing the anodic strategy, the reaction proceeds efficiently under mild (room temperature) and transition-metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions, and enables the formation of C-S bonds via directed activation of ortho- or para-C-H bond to the amino group with broad substrate scope and excellent site selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Shuai-Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Shu-Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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72
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Lin Q, Li L, Luo S. Asymmetric Electrochemical Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:10033-10044. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Longji Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300071 China
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73
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Imada Y, Shida N, Okada Y, Chiba K. A Novel Thermomorphic System for Electrocatalytic Diels‐Alder Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2‐24‐16 Naka‐cho, Koganei Tokyo 184‐8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
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74
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Zhou Z, Yuan Y, Cao Y, Qiao J, Yao A, Zhao J, Zuo W, Chen W, Lei A. Synergy of Anodic Oxidation and Cathodic Reduction Leads to Electrochemical C—H Halogenation. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhou
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yangmin Cao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Jin Qiao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Anjin Yao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Wanqing Zuo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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75
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Liu S, Li J, Wang D, Liu F, Liu X, Gao Y, Jie D, Cheng X. An Electrochemical Cinnamyl C—H Amination Reaction Using Carbonyl Sulfamate. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Yongyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Dai Jie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry EducationNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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76
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Zhan JL, Wu MW, Wei D, Wei BY, Jiang Y, Yu W, Han B. 4-HO-TEMPO-Catalyzed Redox Annulation of Cyclopropanols with Oxime Acetates toward Pyridine Derivatives. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bang-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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77
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Ye Z, Zhang F. Recent Advances in Constructing Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
via
Electrochemical Dehydrogenation. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
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78
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Electrochemical Fluoroalkynylation of Aryl Alkenes with Fluoride Ions and Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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79
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Electrochemical Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyridines through Dehydrogenative Cyclization. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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80
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Li J, He L, Liu X, Cheng X, Li G. Electrochemical Hydrogenation with Gaseous Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1759-1763. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Salt Chemical IndustryCollege of Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Institute of Technology Jiangsu Province Huaian 223003 China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and EfficacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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81
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Li J, He L, Liu X, Cheng X, Li G. Electrochemical Hydrogenation with Gaseous Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Salt Chemical IndustryCollege of Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Institute of Technology Jiangsu Province Huaian 223003 China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and EfficacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Xianlin Rd. 163 Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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82
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Noguchi K, Chiba K. Selective Functionalization of Styrenes with Oxygen Using Different Electrode Materials: Olefin Cleavage and Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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83
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Yuan Y, Jiang M, Wang T, Xiong Y, Li J, Guo H, Lei A. Synergy of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction leads to electrochemical deoxygenative C2 arylation of quinoline N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11091-11094. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We herein report an electrochemical deoxygenative C2 arylation protocol of quinoline N-oxides. By employing both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, a variety of 2-arylquinolines were obtained under environmentally benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Minbao Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Xiong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Huijiao Guo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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84
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Rodrigo E, Baunis H, Suna E, Waldvogel SR. Simple and scalable electrochemical synthesis of 2,1-benzisoxazoles and quinoline N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12255-12258. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
At carbon electrodes in a scalable electrosynthetic way to two classes of useful heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Haralds Baunis
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Aizkraukles 21
- Latvia
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85
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Terent’ev AO, Mulina OM, Ilovaisky AI, Kokorekin VA, Nikishin GI. Ammonium iodide-mediated electrosynthesis of unsymmetrical thiosulfonates from arenesulfonohydrazides and thiols. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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86
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Noguchi K, Chiba K. Selective Functionalization of Styrenes with Oxygen Using Different Electrode Materials: Olefin Cleavage and Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:125-129. [PMID: 30375161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrode materials can have a significant impact on the course of an electrolysis reaction. Of particular interest is that different electrodes can generate different products from the same substrate. The electrode-material-selective transformations of styrene derivatives with molecular oxygen are reported. Platinum electrodes afford carbonyl products via cleavage of olefins, whereas tetrahydrofuran formation is achieved with carbon electrodes. A variety of different styrenes are available for both reactions. Electrolysis allows straightforward and mild chemical conversions that are metal- and oxidant-free. Electrochemical measurements illuminate the different effects of platinum and carbon electrodes on styrenes. The key to the differing reactions is probably that the oxidation potentials of the substrates are lower (higher HOMO energy) on carbon electrodes than on platinum electrodes. The adsorption of the substrates on carbon electrodes can also promote tetrahydrofuran formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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