51
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Hong SM, Kim OY, Hwang SH. Optimization of synthetic parameters of high-purity trifunctional mercaptoesters and their curing behavior for the thiol-epoxy click reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34263-34268. [PMID: 35497273 PMCID: PMC9042355 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct esterification reaction between 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) was conducted in the presence of various catalyst concentrations of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) to examine the optimized synthetic conditions needed to produce high-purity trimethylolpropane-tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPMP). The purity of the desired TMPMP and uncompleted side-product reduced as the acid catalyst concentration in this esterification reaction increased while the generation of thioester-based side-product increased. The equivalent ratio between epoxy and the manufactured TMPMP was maintained at 1 : 1 to monitor the curing behavior of the thiol–epoxy click reaction using the DSC technique. The thermal features of the base-catalyzed TMPMP-cured epoxy resin were assessed according to the purity of the TMPMP curing agent. The direct esterification reaction between 3-mercaptopropionic acid and trimethylolpropane was conducted in the presence of various catalyst concentrations to find a synthetic route for high-purity trimethylolpropane-tris(3-mercaptopropionate).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Materials Chemistry & Engineering Laboratory, School of Polymer System Engineering, Dankook University Yongin Gyeonggi-do 16890 Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Kim
- Materials Chemistry & Engineering Laboratory, School of Polymer System Engineering, Dankook University Yongin Gyeonggi-do 16890 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hwang
- Materials Chemistry & Engineering Laboratory, School of Polymer System Engineering, Dankook University Yongin Gyeonggi-do 16890 Republic of Korea
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52
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Zhu Y, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yagci Y, Liu R. Phenacyl Phenothiazinium Salt as a New Broad-Wavelength-Absorbing Photoinitiator for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16917-16921. [PMID: 34048634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel broad-wavelength-absorbing photoinitiator based on phenacyl phenothiazinium hexafluroantimonate (P-PTh) possessing both phenacyl and phenothiazine chromophoric groups was reported. P-PTh absorbs light at UV, Visible and Near-IR region. Photophysical, photochemical, and computational investigations revealed that P-PTh in solution decomposes at all wavelengths by homolytic and heterolytic cleavages and generates cationic and radical species, which could efficiently initiate cationic and free radical polymerizations. It is anticipated that the photoinitiator with such wavelength flexibility may open up new pathways in curing applications of formulations of pigment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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53
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Zhu Y, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yagci Y, Liu R. Phenacyl Phenothiazinium Salt as a New Broad‐Wavelength‐Absorbing Photoinitiator for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
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54
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Chen S, Zhao X, Jin M, Huang W, Ye G, Pan H, Wan D. Effects of
C3
‐aromatic heterocycles on 1,3,5‐triaryl‐2‐pyrazoline sulfonium salt photoacid generators as light‐emitting diode‐sensitive cationic photoinitiators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Guodong Ye
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
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55
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Zeppuhar AN, Wolf SM, Falvey DE. Photoacid Generators Activated through Sequential Two-Photon Excitation: 1-Sulfonatoxy-2-alkoxyanthraquinone Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5227-5236. [PMID: 34129332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two sulfonate ester derivatives of anthraquinone, 1-tosyloxy-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1a) and 1-trifluoromethylsulfonoxy-2-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1b), were prepared and their ability to produce strong acids upon photoexcitation was examined. It is shown that these compounds generate acid with a yield that increases with light intensity when the applied photon dose is held constant. Additional experiments show that the rate of acid generation increases fourfold when visible light (532 nm) laser pulses are combined with ultraviolet (355 nm) compared with ultraviolet alone. Continuous wave diode laser photolysis also affects acid generation with a rate that depends quadratically on the light intensity. Density functional theory calculations, laser flash photolysis, and chemical trapping experiments support a mechanism, whereby an initially formed triplet state (T1) is excited to a higher triplet state which in turn undergoes homolysis of the RS(O2)-OAr bond. Secondary reactions of the initially formed sulfonyl radicals produce strong acids. It is demonstrated that high-intensity photolysis of either 1a or 1b can initiate cationic polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Zeppuhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Steven M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E Falvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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56
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Furutani M, Maeno K, Tanaka A. Synthesis of Amino Acid-derived Curing Reagents Containing a Disulfide Bond and Their Application to Anionic UV Curing Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Furutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College
| | - Kako Maeno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College
| | - Arata Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College
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57
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58
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Liu X, Liang X, Hu Y, Han L, Qu Q, Liu D, Guo J, Zeng Z, Bai H, Kwok RTK, Qin A, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Catalyst-Free Spontaneous Polymerization with 100% Atom Economy: Facile Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polysulfonates with Multifunctionalities. JACS AU 2021; 1:344-353. [PMID: 34467298 PMCID: PMC8395608 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their tunable functionalities and advanced applications; thus, it is significant to develop facile in situ synthesis strategies, extend polymers family, and establish various applications for photoresponsive polymers. Herein, we develop a catalyst-free spontaneous polymerization of dihaloalkynes and disulfonic acids without photosensitive monomers for the in situ synthesis of photoresponsive polysulfonates at room temperature in air with 100% atom economy in high yields. The resulting polysulfonates could undergo visible photodegradation with strong photoacid generation, leading to various applications including dual-emissive or 3D photopatterning, and practical broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The halogen-rich polysulfonates also exhibit a high and photoswitched refractive index and could undergo efficient postfunctionalizations to further expand the variety and functionality of photoresponsive heteroatom-containing polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Qing Qu
- Nano
Science and Technology Program and William Mong Institute of Nano
Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear
Water Bay, Hong Kong China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510530, China
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59
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Sutherland BP, Kabra M, Kloxin CJ. Expanding the Thiol-X Toolbox: Photoinitiation and Materials Application of the Acid-Catalyzed Thiol-ene (ACT) Reaction. Polym Chem 2021; 12:1562-1570. [PMID: 33815572 PMCID: PMC8011277 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed thiol-ene reaction (ACT) is a unique thiol-X conjugation strategy that produces S,X-acetal conjugates. Unlike the well-known radical-mediated thiol-ene and anion-mediated thiol-Michael reactions that produce static thioether bonds, acetals provide unique function for various fields such as drug delivery and protecting group chemistries; however, this reaction is relatively underutilized for creating new and unique materials owing to the unexplored reactivity over a broad set of substrates and potential side reactions. Solution-phase studies using a range of thiol and alkene substrates were conducted to evaluate the ACT reaction as a conjugation strategy. Substrates that efficiently undergo cationic polymerizations, such as those containing vinyl functional groups, were found to be highly reactive to thiols in the presence of catalytic amounts of acid. Additionally, sequential initiation of three separate thiol-X reactions (thiol-Michael, ACT, and thiol-ene) was achieved in a one-pot scheme simply by the addition of the appropriate catalyst demonstrating substrate selectivity. Furthermore, photoinitiation of the ACT reaction was achieved for the first time under 470 nm blue light using a novel photochromic photoacid. Finally, using multifunctional monomers, solid-state polymer networks were formed using the ACT reaction producing acetal crosslinks. The presence of S,X-acetal bonds results in an increased glass transition temperature of 20 °C as compared with the same polymeric film polymerized through the radical thiol-ene mechanism. This investigation demonstrates the broad impact of the ACT reaction and expands upon the diverse thiol-X library of conjugation strategies towards the development of novel materials systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Sutherland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mukund Kabra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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60
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61
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62
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Legrand A, Liu LH, Royla P, Aoyama T, Craig GA, Carné-Sánchez A, Urayama K, Weigand JJ, Lin CH, Furukawa S. Spatiotemporal Control of Supramolecular Polymerization and Gelation of Metal-Organic Polyhedra. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3562-3570. [PMID: 33646776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In coordination-based supramolecular materials such as metallogels, simultaneous temporal and spatial control of their assembly remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of light with acids as stimuli allows for the spatiotemporal control over the architectures, mechanical properties, and shape of porous soft materials based on metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs). First, we show that the formation of a colloidal gel network from a preformed kinetically trapped MOP solution can be triggered upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and that acid concentration determines the reaction kinetics. As determined by time-resolved dynamic light scattering, UV-vis absorption, and 1H NMR spectroscopies and rheology measurements, the consequences of the increase in acid concentration are (i) an increase in the cross-linking between MOPs; (ii) a growth in the size of the colloidal particles forming the gel network; (iii) an increase in the density of the colloidal network; and (iv) a decrease in the ductility and stiffness of the resulting gel. We then demonstrate that irradiation of a dispersed photoacid generator, pyranine, allows the spatiotemporal control of the gel formation by locally triggering the self-assembly process. Using this methodology, we show that the gel can be patterned into a desired shape. Such precise positioning of the assembled structures, combined with the stable and permanent porosity of MOPs, could allow their integration into devices for applications such as sensing, separation, catalysis, or drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023 Taiwan
| | - Philipp Royla
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Gavin A Craig
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Arnau Carné-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023 Taiwan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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63
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Zhang X, Wang X, Chatani S, Bowman CN. Phosphonium Tetraphenylborate: A Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Induced, Nucleophile-Initiated Thiol-Michael Addition Photopolymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:84-89. [PMID: 35548987 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinitiation system that utilizes phosphonium tetraphenylborate as the key component was developed for the visible light-triggered nucleophile-catalyzed thiol-Michael addition reaction. This highly reactive catalyst was composed of a photocaged phosphine (methyldiphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, MDPP·HBPh4), a photosensitizer (isopropylthioxanthone, ITX), and a radical scavenger (TEMPO). Unlike the prevailing photobase catalysts, this photoactivatable phosphine system triggers the thiol-Michael addition polymerization by a nucleophile-catalyzed mechanism and provides a controlled stoichiometric reaction between the thiol and the vinyl precursors. This approach enables the formation of homogeneous polymer networks upon low-energy visible light exposure and, thus, broadens its potential applications in bulk polymer materials synthesis and UV-sensitive bioscaffold formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiance Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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64
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jiang Y, Hu S, Li J, Liao S. Visible light-regulated organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of lactones by harnessing excited state acidity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed using PyOH as a photocatalyst under visible light mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Junfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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65
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Pang Y, Jiao H, Zou Y, Strehmel B. The NIR-sensitized cationic photopolymerization of oxetanes in combination with epoxide and acrylate monomers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NIR-sensitized photopolymerisation at 805 nm facilitates the cationic polymerization of oxetanes. This can additionally be combined with free-radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
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66
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Lopez de Pariza X, Cordero Jara E, Zivic N, Ruipérez F, Long TE, Sardon H. Novel imino- and aryl-sulfonate based photoacid generators for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of photoacid generators for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta zentroa
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
| | - Erick Cordero Jara
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta zentroa
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
| | - Nicolas Zivic
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta zentroa
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta zentroa
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Arizona State University
- School of Molecular Science and Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta zentroa
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
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67
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Ashfaq A, Clochard MC, Coqueret X, Dispenza C, Driscoll MS, Ulański P, Al-Sheikhly M. Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2877. [PMID: 33266261 PMCID: PMC7760743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produce many products through polymerization reactions. Photons and electrons interaction with polymers display various mechanisms. While the interactions of gamma ray and X-ray photons are mainly through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production, the interactions of the high-energy electrons take place through coulombic interactions. Despite the type of radiation used on materials, photons or high energy electrons, in both cases ions and electrons are produced. The interactions between electrons and monomers takes place within less than a nanosecond. Depending on the dose rate (dose is defined as the absorbed radiation energy per unit mass), the kinetic chain length of the propagation can be controlled, hence allowing for some control over the degree of polymerization. When polymers are submitted to high-energy radiation in the bulk, contrasting behaviors are observed with a dominant effect of cross-linking or chain scission, depending on the chemical nature and physical characteristics of the material. Polymers in solution are subject to indirect effects resulting from the radiolysis of the medium. Likewise, for radiation-induced polymerization, depending on the dose rate, the free radicals generated on polymer chains can undergo various reactions, such as inter/intramolecular combination or inter/intramolecular disproportionation, b-scission. These reactions lead to structural or functional polymer modifications. In the presence of oxygen, playing on irradiation dose-rates, one can favor crosslinking reactions or promotes degradations through oxidations. The competition between the crosslinking reactions of C-centered free radicals and their reactions with oxygen is described through fundamental mechanism formalisms. The fundamentals of polymerization reactions are herein presented to meet industrial needs for various polymer materials produced or degraded by irradiation. Notably, the medical and industrial applications of polymers are endless and thus it is vital to investigate the effects of sterilization dose and dose rate on various polymers and copolymers with different molecular structures and morphologies. The presence or absence of various functional groups, degree of crystallinity, irradiation temperature, etc. all greatly affect the radiation chemistry of the irradiated polymers. Over the past decade, grafting new chemical functionalities on solid polymers by radiation-induced polymerization (also called RIG for Radiation-Induced Grafting) has been widely exploited to develop innovative materials in coherence with actual societal expectations. These novel materials respond not only to health emergencies but also to carbon-free energy needs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, piezoelectricity, etc.) and environmental concerns with the development of numerous specific adsorbents of chemical hazards and pollutants. The modification of polymers through RIG is durable as it covalently bonds the functional monomers. As radiation penetration depths can be varied, this technique can be used to modify polymer surface or bulk. The many parameters influencing RIG that control the yield of the grafting process are discussed in this review. These include monomer reactivity, irradiation dose, solvent, presence of inhibitor of homopolymerization, grafting temperature, etc. Today, the general knowledge of RIG can be applied to any solid polymer and may predict, to some extent, the grafting location. A special focus is on how ionizing radiation sources (ion and electron beams, UVs) may be chosen or mixed to combine both solid polymer nanostructuration and RIG. LLET ionizing radiation has also been extensively used to synthesize hydrogel and nanogel for drug delivery systems and other advanced applications. In particular, nanogels can either be produced by radiation-induced polymerization and simultaneous crosslinking of hydrophilic monomers in "nanocompartments", i.e., within the aqueous phase of inverse micelles, or by intramolecular crosslinking of suitable water-soluble polymers. The radiolytically produced oxidizing species from water, •OH radicals, can easily abstract H-atoms from the backbone of the dissolved polymers (or can add to the unsaturated bonds) leading to the formation of C-centered radicals. These C-centered free radicals can undergo two main competitive reactions; intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking. When produced by electron beam irradiation, higher temperatures, dose rates within the pulse, and pulse repetition rates favour intramolecular crosslinking over intermolecular crosslinking, thus enabling a better control of particle size and size distribution. For other water-soluble biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and RNA, the abstraction of H atoms or the addition to the unsaturation by •OH can lead to the direct scission of the backbone, double, or single strand breaks of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Marie-Claude Clochard
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS-CNRS- Ecole Polytechnique UMR 7642, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto di BioFisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- UV/EB Technology Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Piotr Ulański
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Lee C, Chung S, Song H, Rhee YM, Lee E, Joo T. Excited State Proton Transfer of Quinone Cyanine 9: Implications on the Origin of Super‐Photoacidity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Chung
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Rhee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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70
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Method for Passive Droplet Sorting after Photo-Tagging. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110964. [PMID: 33126559 PMCID: PMC7692103 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a method to photo-tag individual microfluidic droplets for latter selection by passive sorting. The use of a specific surfactant leads to the interfacial tension to be very sensitive to droplet pH. The photoexcitation of droplets containing a photoacid, pyranine, leads to a decrease in droplet pH. The concurrent increase in droplet interfacial tension enables the passive selection of irradiated droplets. The technique is used to select individual droplets within a droplet array as illuminated droplets remain in the wells while other droplets are eluted by the flow of the external oil. This method was used to select droplets in an array containing cells at a specific stage of apoptosis. The technique is also adaptable to continuous-flow sorting. By passing confined droplets over a microfabricated trench positioned diagonally in relation to the direction of flow, photo-tagged droplets were directed toward a different chip exit based on their lateral movement. The technique can be performed on a conventional fluorescence microscope and uncouples the observation and selection of droplets, thus enabling the selection on a large variety of signals, or based on qualitative user-defined features.
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71
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Tang X, Wu Y, Zhao R, Kou X, Dong Z, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Tan W, Fang X. Photorelease of Pyridines Using a Metal‐Free Photoremovable Protecting Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yayun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaolong Kou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Weihong Tan
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310022 China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310022 China
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72
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Tang XJ, Wu Y, Zhao R, Kou X, Dong Z, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Tan W, Fang X. Photorelease of Pyridines Using a Metal-Free Photoremovable Protecting Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18386-18389. [PMID: 32671906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The photorelease of bioactive molecules has emerged as a valuable tool in biochemistry. Nevertheless, many important bioactive molecules, such as pyridine derivatives, cannot benefit from currently available organic photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs). We found that the inefficient photorelease of pyridines is attributed to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from PPGs to pyridinium ions. To alleviate PET, we rationally designed a strategy to drive the excited state of PPG from S1 to T1 with a heavy atom, and synthesized a new PPG by substitution of the H atom at the 3-position of 7-dietheylamino-coumarin-4-methyl (DEACM) with Br or I. This resulted in an improved photolytic efficiency of the pyridinium ion by hundreds-fold in aqueous solution. The PPG can be applied to various pyridine derivatives. The successful photorelease of a microtubule inhibitor, indibulin, in living cells was demonstrated for the potential application of this strategy in biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Kou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
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Synthesis of In Situ Photoinduced Halloysite-Polypyrrole@Silver Nanocomposite for the Potential Application in Humidity Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071426. [PMID: 32708297 PMCID: PMC7407375 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Halloysite-polypyrrole-silver nanocomposite has been prepared via in situ photopolymerizations of pyrrole in the presence of silanized halloysite and silver nitrate as a photoinitiator. The halloysite nanoclay (HNT) was modified using the hydrogen donor silane coupling agent (DMA) in order to provide anchoring sites for the polypyrrole/silver composite (PPy@Ag). The mass loadings for both PPy and Ag have been estimated to be 21 and 26 wt%, respectively. The anchored Ag particles were found in the metallic state. The resulting PPy@Ag-modified silanized HNT has been evaluated for the potential application for impedance humidity sensors. HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag nanocomposite with different weight % of PPy@Ag (0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt%) was deposited on the pre-patterned interdigital Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes by spin coating technique. The addition of Ag nanoparticles within the nanocomposite enhances the hydrophilicity of the sensing film, which improves the sensitivity of the humidity sensors. The HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%) nanocomposite-based impedance sensors showed good sensitivity and lowered hysteresis as compared to the other ratios of the composite. The maximum calculated hysteresis loss of the HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%)-based humidity sensor is around 4.5% at 80% RH (relative humidity), and the minimum hysteresis loss estimated to be 0.05% at 20% RH levels. The response and recovery time of HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%) nanocomposite-based impedance sensors were found to be 30 and 35 s, respectively. The interesting humidity-dependent impedance properties of this novel composite make it promising in humidity sensing.
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Kim K, Sinha J, Gao G, Childress KK, Sartor SM, Salazar AM, Huang S, Musgrave CB, Stansbury JW. High-Efficiency Radical Photopolymerization Enhanced by Autonomous Dark Cure. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Kim
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kimberly K. Childress
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven M. Sartor
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Austyn M. Salazar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sijia Huang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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76
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Okamura H, Minokami K, Miyauchi S. Fabrication of Photocrosslinked Diarylfluorene Films with Episulfide Groups using Photobase Generators. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruyuki Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Keiko Minokami
- Frontier Materials Laboratories, Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd
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77
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Tsuchimura T. Recent Progress in Photo-Acid Generators for Advanced Photopolymer Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tsuchimura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation
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78
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Comparison of L-lactide polymerization by using magnesium complexes bearing 2-(arylideneamino)phenolate and 2-((arylimino)methyl)phenolate ligands. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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79
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Chen L, Zheng Y, Meng X, Wei G, Dietliker K, Li Z. Delayed Thiol-Epoxy Photopolymerization: A General and Effective Strategy to Prepare Thick Composites. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15192-15201. [PMID: 32637792 PMCID: PMC7331066 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced thiol-epoxy click polymerization possesses both the characteristics and advantages of photopolymerization and click reactions. However, the photopolymerization of pigmented or highly filled thiol-epoxy thick composites still remains a great challenge due to the light screening effect derived from the competitive absorption, reflection, and scattering of the pigments or functional fillers. In this article, we present a simple and versatile strategy to prepare thick composites via delayed thiol-epoxy photopolymerization. The irradiation of a small area with a light-emitting diode (LED) point light source at room temperature leads to the decomposition of a photobase generator and the released active basic species can uniformly disperse throughout the whole system, including unirradiated areas, via mechanical stirring. No polymerization was observed at room temperature and therefore the liquid formulations can be further processed with molds of arbitrary size and desired shapes. It is only by increasing the temperature that base-catalyzed thiol-epoxy polymerization occurs and controllable preparation of thick thiol-epoxy materials can be achieved. The formed networks display excellent uniformity in different radii and depths with comparable functionality conversions, similar T g values, and thermal decomposition temperatures. The presented strategy can be applied to prepare thick composites with glass fibers possessing improved mechanical properties and dark composites containing 2 wt % carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Changzhou
Radiation Curing Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu Kailin Ruiyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Liyang 213364, China
| | - Yuanjian Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International
Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Changzhou
Radiation Curing Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu Kailin Ruiyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Liyang 213364, China
| | - Kurt Dietliker
- International
Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International
Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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80
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Pigot C, Noirbent G, Brunel D, Dumur F. Recent advances on push–pull organic dyes as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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81
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Zivic N, Sadaba N, Almandoz N, Ruipérez F, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Thioxanthone-Based Photobase Generators for the Synthesis of Polyurethanes via the Photopolymerization of Polyols and Polyisocyanates. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zivic
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Naroa Sadaba
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nora Almandoz
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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82
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Shiraishi A, Yamashita T. Photolysis Mechanism of Quaternary Amidinium Salts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of EngineeringTokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0982 Japan
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83
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Zhu J, Zhu Y, Li Z, Yu Z, Guan X, Liu R, Yagci Y. Chemiluminescence-Induced Free Radical-Promoted Cationic Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000004. [PMID: 32100902 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) has recently been featured as a new external light source for various photoinduced reactions with attractive features such as eliminating continuous energy supply and advanced light source setups. In the present study, the free-radical-promoted cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, n-butyl vinyl ether, and N-vinyl carbazole under CL irradiation is described. The method is based on the visible-light-induced generation of electron donor radicals from bis-(4-methoxybenzoyl)diethyl germane (BAG), bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenyl phosphinate, and camphorquinone by CL illumination followed by electron transfer to diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2 I+ PF6 - ) to form corresponding cations capable of initiating cationic polymerization. The applicability of the process to network formation is also demonstrated by using a bifunctional monomer, tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zihang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xin Guan
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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84
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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85
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Yeo H, Khan A. Photoinduced Proton-Transfer Polymerization: A Practical Synthetic Tool for Soft Lithography Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3479-3488. [PMID: 32040308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-transfer photopolymerization through the thiol-epoxy "click" reaction is shown to be a versatile new method for the fabrication of micro- and nanosized polymeric patterns. In this approach, complexation of a guanidine base, diazabicycloundecene (DBU), with benzoylphenylpropionic acid (ketoprofen) generates a photolabile salt. Under illumination at a wavelength of 365 nm, the salt undergoes a photodecarboxylation reaction to release DBU as a base. The base-catalyzed ring opening reaction then creates cross-linked poly(β-hydroxyl thio-ether) patterns. The surface chemistry of these patterns can be altered through alkylation of the thio-ether linkages. For example, a reaction with bromoacetic acid produces a hitherto unknown sulfonium/carboxylate-based zwitterionic motif that endows antibiofouling capacity to the micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Yeo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , 02841 Seoul , South Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , 02841 Seoul , South Korea
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86
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Sambath K, Wan Z, Wang Q, Chen H, Zhang Y. BODIPY-Based Photoacid Generators for Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization. Org Lett 2020; 22:1208-1212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sambath
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zhaoxiong Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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87
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Topa M, Hola E, Galek M, Petko F, Pilch M, Popielarz R, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Lalevée J, Ortyl J. One-component cationic photoinitiators based on coumarin scaffold iodonium salts as highly sensitive photoacid generators for 3D printing IPN photopolymers under visible LED sources. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of new coumarin chromophore-based iodonium salts as efficient one-component cationic photoinitiators upon LEDs irradiation with maximum emission under the UV-A region at 365 nm and under visible light at 405 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Emilia Hola
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Pilch
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Roman Popielarz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
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88
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Tsuchimura T. Molecular Design and Function of Photo-acid Generators Utilized for Advanced Industries. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Tsuchimura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation
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89
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Zhao D, You J, Fu H, Xue T, Hao T, Wang X, Wang T. Photopolymerization with AIE dyes for solid-state luminophores. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiating activities of MPAs/ONI were evaluated. The AIE emission of MPAs occurred during photocuring. MPAs showed potential as fluorescent molecular probes to monitor the progress of photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Tanlong Xue
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- College of Material Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology
- Beijing 100019
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
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90
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Design of Iodonium Salts for UV or Near-UV LEDs for Photoacid Generator and Polymerization Purposes. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010149. [PMID: 31905900 PMCID: PMC6982746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodonium salts are well established photoacid generators, cationic photoinitiators, as well as additives commonly used in photoredox catalytic cycles. However, as a strong limitation, iodonium salts are characterized by low light absorption properties for λ > 300 nm so that these latter cannot be activated with cheap, safe, and eco-friendly near UV or even visible light emitting diodes (LEDs). To overcome this drawback, the covalent linkage of an iodonium salt to a chromophore absorbing at longer wavelength is actively researched. With aim at red-shifting the absorption spectrum of the iodonium salt, the synthesis of new compounds combining within a unique chemical structure both the chromophore (here the naphthalimide scaffold) and the iodonium salt is presented. By mean of this strategy, a polymerization could be initiated at 365 nm with the modified iodonium salts whereas no polymerization could be induced with the benchmark iodonium salt i.e., Speedcure 938 at this specific wavelength. To examine the effect of the counter-anion on the photoinitiating ability of these different salts, five different counter-anions were used. Comparison between the different anions revealed the bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt to exhibit the best photoinitiating ability in both the free radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides. To support the experimental results, molecular orbital calculations have been carried out. By theoretical calculations, the initiating species resulting from the photocleavage of the iodonium salts could be determined. The cleavage selectivity and the photochemical reactivity of the new iodoniums are also discussed.
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91
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Mizutsu R, Asato R, Martin CJ, Yamada M, Nishikawa Y, Katao S, Yamada M, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Photo-Lewis Acid Generator Based on Radical-Free 6π Photo-Cyclization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20043-20047. [PMID: 31814390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present here a new photo-active molecule which acts as a photo-Lewis acid generator (PLAG) based on photo-chemical 6π-percyclization. Photo-illumination of the PLAG molecule produces a condensed aromatic carbocation with a triflate counteranion, which exhibits Lewis acid chemical catalytic reactivity such as initiation of the polymerization of epoxy monomers and catalysis of Mukaiyama-aldol reactions. The terminal-end structure in the epoxy polymerization was modified with the Lewis acid fragment. The carbocation induced the Mukaiyama-aldol reaction as a new photo-gated system with remarkably high catalytic reactivity and turnover numbers higher than 60. The photo-chemical quantum yield of the carbocation generation is 50%, which is considerably higher than obtained with most Brønsted photo-acid generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mizutsu
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Asato
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Colin J Martin
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Miku Yamada
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan.,NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems , NAIST, CEMES-UPR 8011 CNRS , 29, rue Jeanne Marvig , BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
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92
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Lin Y, Kouznetsova TB, Craig SL. A Latent Mechanoacid for Time-Stamped Mechanochromism and Chemical Signaling in Polymeric Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:99-103. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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93
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Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate that visible-light-induced thiourea photoacids catalyze C-C bond-forming reactions. Upon photoirradiation, Schreiner's thiourea [(N,N'-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-thiourea] catalyzes the double Friedel-Crafts addition of indoles to aldehydes and isatins to form the corresponding triarylmethanes and 3,3'-diarylindolin-2-ones. This protocol is amenable to a wide range of aldehyde and isatin electrophiles, as well as a variety of electronically diverse indoles. Mechanistic studies show that light is required for reaction initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena M Salem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , 400 South Orange Avenue , South Orange , New Jersey 07079 , United States
| | - Jason Saway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , 400 South Orange Avenue , South Orange , New Jersey 07079 , United States
| | - Joseph J Badillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , 400 South Orange Avenue , South Orange , New Jersey 07079 , United States
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94
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Basterretxea A, Jehanno C, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Dual Organocatalysts Based on Ionic Mixtures of Acids and Bases: A Step Toward High Temperature Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1055-1062. [PMID: 35619485 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis provides a powerful alternative in many polymerization reactions and nowadays has become a valuable tool for polymer chemists. The key reason for transitioning to organocatalysts is not only their ability to be effectively removed from resultant products, but also, their potential to exquisitely control the catalytic activity and selectivity of the polymerization processes. While organocatalysis has been largely implemented in research laboratories, its use in industrial bulk polymerization processes is still scarce. This is mostly due to the poor thermal stability of organocatalysts at temperatures (150-250 °C) usually employed for industrial polymerizations. In this Viewpoint, we highlight the recent advances of the use of acid-base ionic mixtures in high temperatures bulk polymerization reactions. First, we will focus on the synthesis, characterization, difunctional catalytic properties, and thermal stability of these acid-base mixtures. Afterward, we will emphasize the recent literature describing their use in chain growth and step-growth polymerizations. Moreover, the highlight will also draw attention to recent efforts in the use of these acid-base mixtures in polymer recycling by means of depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andere Basterretxea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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95
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Wu C, Chen H, Corrigan N, Jung K, Kan X, Li Z, Liu W, Xu J, Boyer C. Computer-Guided Discovery of a pH-Responsive Organic Photocatalyst and Application for pH and Light Dual-Gated Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8207-8220. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaonan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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96
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Chen S, Jin M, Malval JP, Fu J, Morlet-Savary F, Pan H, Wan D. Substituted stilbene-based oxime esters used as highly reactive wavelength-dependent photoinitiators for LED photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different substituents on stilbene-based oxime esters play an important role in the relationship between their structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jingming Fu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
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