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Ayhan MM, Özcan E, Dedeoglu B, Chumakov Y, Zorlu Y, Coşut B. Carbon (sp 3) tetrel bonding mediated BODIPY supramolecular assembly via unprecedented synergy of C sp3⋯N and C sp3⋯F pair interactions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the first example of sp3 hybridized carbon centered (Csp3) tetrel bonding mediated 3D BODIPY assembly via the exceptional synergy of Csp3⋯N and Csp3⋯F pair interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emrah Özcan
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
- Institute of Physics
| | - Burcu Dedeoglu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Yurii Chumakov
- Department of Physics
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
- Institute of Applied Physics
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Coşut
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
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52
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Scheiner S. Competition between a Tetrel and Halogen Bond to a Common Lewis Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 125:308-316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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53
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Kumar Sahoo D, Devi Tulsiyan K, Jena S, Biswal HS. Implication of Threonine-Based Ionic Liquids on the Structural Stability, Binding and Activity of Cytochrome c. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2525-2535. [PMID: 33022820 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are useful in pharmaceutical industries and biotechnology as alternative solvents or sources for protein extraction and purification, preservation of biomolecules and for regulating the catalytic activity of enzymes. However, the binding mechanism, the non-covalent forces responsible for protein-IL interactions and dynamics of proteins in IL need to be investigated in depth for the effective use of ILs as alternatives. Herein, we disclose the molecular level understanding of the structural intactness and reactivity of a model protein cytochrome c (Cyt c) in biocompatible threonine-based ILs with the help of experimental techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as molecular docking. Hydrophobic and electrostatic forces are responsible for the structural and conformational integrity of Cyt c in IL. The ITC experiments revealed the Cyt c-IL binding free energies are in the range of 10-14 kJ/mol and the molecular docking studies demonstrated that ILs interact at the surfaces of Cyt c. The results look promising as the ILs used here are non-toxic and biocompatible, and thus may find potential applications in structural biology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhaba National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kiran Devi Tulsiyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhaba National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhaba National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhaba National Institute Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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54
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Sahoo DK, Chand A, Jena S, Biswal HS. Hydrogen-bond-driven thiouracil dissolution in aqueous ionic liquid: A combined microscopic, spectroscopic and molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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55
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Rana A, Galmés B, Frontera A, Biswal HS, Chopra D. Unravelling the electronic nature of C-FO-C non-covalent interaction in proteins and small molecules in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25704-25711. [PMID: 33146185 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The participation of organic fluorine as a halogen bond donor is rare and is sensitive to the electronic environment in the vicinity of the fluorine atom. The enhancement in the electropositive character (the σ-hole formalism) in fluorine is established by the presence of electron withdrawing groups and this has been examined in the solid-state structures in small molecules and proteins. Short, directional FO contacts have been observed and physical insights obtained, from quantum mechanical calculations, via the molecular electrostatic potential, an analysis of their topological features from atoms-in-molecules, and donor-acceptor characteristics from natural bond orbital analyses. It was observed that such contacts, cooperatively act in the presence of other interactions, and the formed aggregates are stabilizing in nature. In addition, the FO has a bonding character and is attractive in nature. The halogen bonding character of fluorine is relevant in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Abstract
The fundamental underpinnings of noncovalent bonds are presented, focusing on the σ-hole interactions that are closely related to the H-bond. Different means of assessing their strength and the factors that control it are discussed. The establishment of a noncovalent bond is monitored as the two subunits are brought together, allowing the electrostatic, charge redistribution, and other effects to slowly take hold. Methods are discussed that permit prediction as to which site an approaching nucleophile will be drawn, and the maximum number of bonds around a central atom in its normal or hypervalent states is assessed. The manner in which a pair of anions can be held together despite an overall Coulombic repulsion is explained. The possibility that first-row atoms can participate in such bonds is discussed, along with the introduction of a tetrel analog of the dihydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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58
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Scheiner S. Versatility of the Cyano Group in Intermolecular Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4495. [PMID: 33007991 PMCID: PMC7582283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cyano groups are added to an alkane, alkene, and alkyne group so as to construct a Lewis acid molecule with a positive region of electrostatic potential in the area adjoining these substituents. Although each individual cyano group produces only a weak π-hole, when two or more such groups are properly situated, they can pool their π-holes into one much more intense positive region that is located midway between them. A NH3 base is attracted to this site, where it forms a strong noncovalent bond to the Lewis acid, amounting to as much as 13.6 kcal/mol. The precise nature of the bonding varies a bit from one complex to the next but typically contains a tetrel bond to the C atoms of the cyano groups or the C atoms of the linkage connecting the C≡N substituents. The placement of the cyano groups on a cyclic system like cyclopropane or cyclobutane has a mild weakening effect upon the binding. Although F is comparable to C≡N in terms of electron-withdrawing power, the replacement of cyano by F substituents substantially weakens the binding with NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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59
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Tetrel Bonding Interactions Involving Carbon at Work: Recent Advances in Crystal Engineering and Catalysis. Mol Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/c6040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The σ- and π-hole interactions are used to define attractive forces involving elements of groups 12–18 of the periodic table acting as Lewis acids and any electron rich site (Lewis base, anion, and π-system). When the electrophilic atom belongs to group 14, the resulting interaction is termed a tetrel bond. In the first part of this feature paper, tetrel bonds formed in crystalline solids involving sp3-hybridized carbon atom are described and discussed by using selected structures retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database. The interaction is characterized by a strong directionality (close to linearity) due to the small size of the σ-hole in the C-atom opposite the covalently bonded electron withdrawing group. The second part describes the utilization of two allotropic forms of carbon (C60 and carbon nanotubes) as supramolecular catalysts based on anion–π interactions (π-hole tetrel bonding). This part emphasizes that the π-hole, which is considerably more accessible by nucleophiles than the σ-hole, can be conveniently used in supramolecular catalysis.
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60
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Gutiérrez-Flores J, Hernández-Lemus E, Cortés-Guzmán F, Ramos E. Do weak interactions affect the biological behavior of DNA? A DFT study of CpG island-like chains. J Mol Model 2020; 26:266. [PMID: 32918237 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The origin, stability, and contribution to the formation of noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking, have been already widely discussed. However, there are few discussions about the relevance of these weak interactions in DNA performance. In this work, we seek to shed light on the effect of hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking interactions on the biological behavior of DNA through the description of these intermolecular forces in CpG island-like (GC-rich) chains. Furthermore, we made some comparisons with TATA box-like (TA-rich) chains in order to describe hydrogen bond and π - π stacking interactions as a function of the DNA sequence. For hydrogen bonds, we found that there is not a significant effect related to the number of base pairs. Whereas for π - π stacking interactions, the energy tended to decrease as the number of base pairs increased. We observed anticooperative effects for both hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking interactions. These results are in contrast with those of TATA box-like chains since cooperative and additive effects were found for both hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking, respectively. Based on the chemical hardness and density of states, we can conclude that proteins may interact easier with GC-rich chains. We conclude that regardless of the chain length, a protein could interact more easily with these genomics regions because the π - π stacking energies did not increase as a function of the number of base pairs, making, for the first time, a first approximation of the influence of noncovalent interaction on DNA behavior. We did all this work by means of DFT framework included in the DMol3 code (M06-L/DNP). Graphical Abstract Cartoon representation of how nocovalent interactions affect the interaction of DNA with a protein, i.e., how hydrogen bond and π - π stacking interactions influence the biological behavior of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México
| | | | - Fernando Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Estrella Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México.
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61
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Relationships between Bond Strength and Spectroscopic Quantities in H-Bonds and Related Halogen, Chalcogen, and Pnicogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7716-7725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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62
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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63
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Imani Z, Mundlapati VR, Goldsztejn G, Brenner V, Gloaguen E, Guillot R, Baltaze JP, Le Barbu-Debus K, Robin S, Zehnacker A, Mons M, Aitken DJ. Conformation control through concurrent N-H⋯S and N-H⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonding and hyperconjugation effects. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9191-9197. [PMID: 34123167 PMCID: PMC8163419 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical N-H⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C non-covalent interaction, less conventional types of hydrogen bonding, such as N-H⋯S, may play a key role in determining the molecular structure. In this work, using theoretical calculations in combination with spectroscopic analysis in both gas phase and solution phase, we demonstrate that both these H-bonding modes exist simultaneously in low-energy conformers of capped derivatives of Attc, a thietane α-amino acid. 6-Membered ring inter-residue N-H⋯S interactions (C6γ), assisted by hyperconjugation between the thietane ring and the backbone, combine with 5-membered ring intra-residue backbone N-H⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C interactions (C5) to provide a C5-C6γ feature that stabilizes a planar geometry in the monomer unit. Two contiguous C5-C6γ features in the planar dimer implicate an unprecedented three-centre H-bond of the type C[double bond, length as m-dash]O⋯H(N)⋯SR2, while the trimer adopts two C5-C6γ features separated by a Ramachandran α-type backbone configuration. These low-energy conformers are fully characterized in the gas phase and support is presented for their existence in solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Imani
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Venkateswara Rao Mundlapati
- Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Gildas Goldsztejn
- Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Valérie Brenner
- Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Eric Gloaguen
- Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baltaze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Katia Le Barbu-Debus
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Sylvie Robin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France .,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris 75006 Paris France
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Michel Mons
- Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - David J Aitken
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
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64
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Roeleveld JJ, Lekanne Deprez SJ, Verhoofstad A, Frontera A, van der Vlugt JI, Mooibroek TJ. Engineering Crystals Using sp 3 -C Centred Tetrel Bonding Interactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:10126-10132. [PMID: 32557861 PMCID: PMC7496358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,1,2,2-Tetracyanocyclopropane derivatives 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized to probe the utility of sp3 -C centred tetrel bonding interactions in crystal engineering. The crystal packing of 1 and 2 and their 1,4-dioxane cocrystals is dominated by sp3 -C(CN)2 ⋅⋅⋅O interactions, has significant C⋅⋅⋅O van der Waals overlap (≤0.266 Å) and DFT calculations indicate interaction energies of up to -11.0 kcal mol-1 . A cocrystal of 2 with 1,4-thioxane reveals that the cyclopropane synthon prefers interacting with O over S. Computational analyses revealed that the electropositive C2 (CN)4 pocket in 1 and 2 can be seen as a strongly directional 'tetrel-bond donor', similar to halogen bond or hydrogen bond donors. This disclosure is expected to have implications for the utility of such 'tetrel bond donors' in molecular disciplines such as crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius J. Roeleveld
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Siebe J. Lekanne Deprez
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Abraham Verhoofstad
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palmade Mallorca (BalearesSpain
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–1126219OldenburgGermany
| | - Tiddo Jonathan Mooibroek
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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65
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66
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Zhu Z, Xu Z, Zhu W. Interaction Nature and Computational Methods for Halogen Bonding: A Perspective. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2683-2696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China
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67
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Heywood VL, Alford TPJ, Roeleveld JJ, Lekanne Deprez SJ, Verhoofstad A, van der Vlugt JI, Domingos SR, Schnell M, Davis AP, Mooibroek TJ. Observations of tetrel bonding between sp 3-carbon and THF. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5289-5293. [PMID: 34122986 PMCID: PMC8159407 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the direct observation of tetrel bonding interactions between sp3-carbons of the supramolecular synthon 3,3-dimethyl-tetracyanocyclopropane (1) and tetrahydrofuran in the gas and crystalline phase. The intermolecular contact is established via σ-holes and is driven mainly by electrostatic forces. The complex manifests distinct binding geometries when captured in the crystalline phase and in the gas phase. We elucidate these binding trends using complementary gas phase quantum chemical calculations and find a total binding energy of -11.2 kcal mol-1 for the adduct. Our observations pave the way for novel strategies to engineer sp3-C centred non-covalent bonding schemes for supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Heywood
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Thomas P J Alford
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Julius J Roeleveld
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Siebe J Lekanne Deprez
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Verhoofstad
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11 D-12629 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sérgio R Domingos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 1 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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68
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Guo BB, Azam M, AlResayes SI, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Discrete Supramolecular Stacks Based on Multinuclear Tweezer-Type Rhodium Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:558-563. [PMID: 31692129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By taking advantage of self-complementary π-π stacking and CH-π interactions, a series of discrete quadruple stacks were constructed through the self-aggregation of U-shaped dirhodium metallotweezer complexes featuring various planar polyaromatic ligands. By altering the conjugate stacking strength and bridging ligands, assemblies with a range of topologies were obtained, including a binuclear D-shaped macrocycle, tetranuclear open-ended cagelike frameworks, and duplex metallotweezer stacking structures. Furthermore, a rare stacking interaction resulting in selective C-H activation was observed during the self-assembly process of these elaborate architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO BOX 2455, Riyadh, 11451, KSA
| | - Saud I AlResayes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO BOX 2455, Riyadh, 11451, KSA
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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69
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Dutta J, Sahoo DK, Jena S, Tulsiyan KD, Biswal HS. Non-covalent interactions with inverted carbon: a carbo-hydrogen bond or a new type of hydrogen bond? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8988-8997. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure analysis and quantum chemical calculations enabled us to discover a new non-covalent interaction, coined as carbo-hydrogen bond (CH-bond).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Dutta
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute
- Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute
- Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar
| | - Subhrakant Jena
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute
- Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar
| | - Kiran Devi Tulsiyan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute
- Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar
| | - Himansu S. Biswal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute
- Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar
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70
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Deka JKR, Sahariah B, Baruah K, Bar AK, Sarma BK. Conformational control of N-methyl-N,N′-diacylhydrazines by noncovalent carbon bonding in solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4874-4877. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unusual N(amide)⋯C–X noncovalent carbon bonding interactions stabilize the trans–cis (t–c) amide bond rotamers of N-methyl-N,N′-diacylhydrazines over the expected trans–trans (t–t) rotamers in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biswajit Sahariah
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Dadri
- India
| | - Kalpita Baruah
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Dadri
- India
| | - Arun Kumar Bar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati
- Tirupati 517507
- India
| | - Bani Kanta Sarma
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR)
- Bangalore 560064
- India
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71
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Scheiner S. The ditetrel bond: noncovalent bond between neutral tetrel atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16606-16614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a tetrel atom to serve in the capacity of electron donor in a σ-hole noncovalent bond is tested by quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University Logan
- Logan
- USA
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72
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Unravelling the Importance of H bonds, σ–hole and π–hole-Directed Intermolecular Interactions in Nature. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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73
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Ullah H, Previtali V, Mihigo HB, Twamley B, Rauf MK, Javed F, Waseem A, Baker RJ, Rozas I. Structure-activity relationships of new Organotin(IV) anticancer agents and their cytotoxicity profile on HL-60, MCF-7 and HeLa human cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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74
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Harris T, Chenoweth DM. Sterics and Stereoelectronics in Aza-Glycine: Impact of Aza-Glycine Preorganization in Triple Helical Collagen. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18021-18029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David M. Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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75
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Intermolecular Non-Covalent Carbon-Bonding Interactions with Methyl Groups: A CSD, PDB and DFT Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183370. [PMID: 31527496 PMCID: PMC6767229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic evaluation of the CSD and the PDB in conjunction with DFT calculations reveal that non-covalent Carbon-bonding interactions with X-CH3 can be weakly directional in the solid state (P ≤ 1.5) when X = N or O. This is comparable to very weak CH hydrogen bonding interactions and is in line with the weak interaction energies calculated (≤ -1.5 kcal·mol-1) of typical charge neutral adducts such as [Me3N-CH3···OH2] (2a). The interaction energy is enhanced to ≤-5 kcal·mol-1 when X is more electron withdrawing such as in [O2N-CH3··O=Cdme] (20b) and to ≤18 kcal·mol-1 in cationic species like [Me3O+-CH3···OH2]+ (8a).
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76
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Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Wysokiński R, Scheiner S. Theoretical Studies of IR and NMR Spectral Changes Induced by Sigma-Hole Hydrogen, Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, and Tetrel Bonds in a Model Protein Environment. Molecules 2019; 24:E3329. [PMID: 31547416 PMCID: PMC6767630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of σ-hole bond complexes were formed with FX, HFY, H2FZ, and H3FT (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te; Z = P, As, Sb; T = Si, Ge, Sn) as Lewis acid. In order to examine their interactions with a protein, N-methylacetamide (NMA), a model of the peptide linkage was used as the base. These noncovalent bonds were compared by computational means with H-bonds formed by NMA with XH molecules (X = F, Cl, Br, I). In all cases, the A-F bond, which lies opposite the base and is responsible for the σ-hole on the A atom (A refers to the bridging atom), elongates and its stretching frequency undergoes a shift to the red with a band intensification, much as what occurs for the X-H bond in a H-bond (HB). Unlike the NMR shielding decrease seen in the bridging proton of a H-bond, the shielding of the bridging A atom is increased. The spectroscopic changes within NMA are similar for H-bonds and the other noncovalent bonds. The C=O bond of the amide is lengthened and its stretching frequency red-shifted and intensified. The amide II band shifts to higher frequency and undergoes a small band weakening. The NMR shielding of the O atom directly involved in the bond rises, whereas the C and N atoms both undergo a shielding decrease. The frequency shifts of the amide I and II bands of the base as well as the shielding changes of the three pertinent NMA atoms correlate well with the strength of the noncovalent bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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77
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Hou M, Jin K, Li Q, Liu S. Systematic study of the substitution effect on the tetrel bond between 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and TH 3X. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18459-18466. [PMID: 35515262 PMCID: PMC9064731 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrel bond was characterized in the complexes of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with TH3X (T = C, Si, Ge; X= -Me, -H, -OH, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO2). DABCO engages in a weak tetrel bond with CH3X but a stronger one with SiH3X and GeH3X. SiH3X is favorable to bind with DABCO relative to GeH3X, inconsistent with the magnitude of the σ-hole on the tetrel atom. The methyl group in the tetrel donor weakens the tetrel bond but an enhancing effect is found for the other substituents, particularly -NO2. The substitution effect is also related to the nature of the tetrel atom. The halogen substitution from F to I has a weakening effect in the CH3X complex but an enhancing effect in the SiH3X complex and a negligible effect in the GeH3X complex. The above abnormal results found in these complexes can be partly attributed to the charge transfer from the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of DABCO into the anti-bonding orbital σ*(T-X) of TH3X. The stability of both SiH3X and GeH3X complexes is primarily controlled by electrostatic interactions and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Hou
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Jin
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 PR China
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78
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Qi HW, Kulik HJ. Evaluating Unexpectedly Short Non-covalent Distances in X-ray Crystal Structures of Proteins with Electronic Structure Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2199-2211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena W. Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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79
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Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Wysokiński R, Scheiner S. Hexacoordinated Tetrel‐Bonded Complexes between TF4(T=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and NCH: Competition between σ‐ and π‐Holes. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:959-966. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan, Utah 84322-0300 United States
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80
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Sahoo DK, Jena S, Dutta J, Rana A, Biswal HS. Nature and Strength of M-H···S and M-H···Se (M = Mn, Fe, & Co) Hydrogen Bond. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2227-2236. [PMID: 30802055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The significance of dispersion contribution in the formation of strong hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) can no more be ignored. It was illustrated that less electronegative and electropositive H-bond acceptors such as S, Se, and Te are also capable of forming strong N-H···Y H-bonds, mostly due to the high polarizabilities of H-bond acceptor atoms. Herein, for the first time, we report the evidence of formation of nonconventional M-H···Y H-bonds between metal hydrides (M-H, M = Mn, Fe, Co) and chalcogen H-bond acceptors (Y = O, S, or Se). The nature and the strength of unusual M-H···Y H-bonds were revealed by several quantum chemical calculations and H-bond descriptors. The structural parameters, electron density topology, donor-acceptor natural bond orbital (NBO) interaction energies, and spectroscopic observables such as M-H stretching frequencies and 1H chemical shifts are well-correlated to manifest the existence and strength of M-H···Y H-bonding. The M-H···Y H-bonds are dispersive in nature, and the computed H-bond energies are found to be in the range from ∼5 to 30 kJ/mol, which can be compared to those of the conventional H-bonds such as O-H···O, N-H···O, and N-H···O═C H-bonds, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , 752050 Bhubaneswar , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , 752050 Bhubaneswar , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Juhi Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , 752050 Bhubaneswar , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Abhijit Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , 752050 Bhubaneswar , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research , 752050 Bhubaneswar , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094 , India
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81
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Dual Geometry Schemes in Tetrel Bonds: Complexes between TF₄ (T = Si, Ge, Sn) and Pyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020376. [PMID: 30669688 PMCID: PMC6359171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When an N-base approaches the tetrel atom of TF4 (T = Si, Ge, Sn) the latter molecule deforms from a tetrahedral structure in the monomer to a trigonal bipyramid. The base can situate itself at either an axial or equatorial position, leading to two different equilibrium geometries. The interaction energies are considerably larger for the equatorial structures, up around 50 kcal/mol, which also have a shorter R(T··N) separation. On the other hand, the energy needed to deform the tetrahedral monomer into the equatorial structure is much higher than the equivalent deformation energy in the axial dimer. When these two opposite trends are combined, it is the axial geometry which is somewhat more stable than the equatorial, yielding binding energies in the 8–34 kcal/mol range. There is a clear trend of increasing interaction energy as the tetrel atom grows larger: Si < Ge < Sn, a pattern which is accentuated for the binding energies.
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82
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Abstract
Halogens in a M–X bond are inhibited from forming a halogen bond but can do so in certain circumstances, with or without a σ-hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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83
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Zhu Z, Wang G, Xu Z, Chen Z, Wang J, Shi J, Zhu W. Halogen bonding in differently charged complexes: basic profile, essential interaction terms and intrinsic σ-hole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15106-15119. [PMID: 31241121 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies on halogen bonds (XB) between organohalogens and their acceptors in crystal structures revealed that the XB donor and acceptor could be differently charged, making it difficult to understand the nature of the interaction, especially the negatively charged donor's electrophilicity and positively charged acceptor's nucleophilicity. In this paper, 9 XB systems mimicking all possibly charged halogen bonding interactions were designed and explored computationally. The results revealed that all XBs could be stable, with binding energies after removing background interaction as strong as -1.2, -3.4, and -8.3 kcal mol-1 for Cl, Br, and I involved XBs respectively. Orbital and dispersion interactions are found to be always attractive while unidirectional intermolecular electron transfer from a XB acceptor to a XB donor occurs in all XB complexes. These observations could be attributed to the intrinsic σ-hole of the XB donor and the intrinsic electronic properties of the XB acceptor regardless of their charge states. Intramolecular charge redistribution inside both the donor and the acceptor is found to be system-dependent but always leads to a more stable XB. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that the orbital-based origin of halogen bonds could successfully interpret the complicated behaviour of differently charged XB complexes, while electrostatic interaction may dramatically change the overall bonding strength. The results should further promote the application of halogens in all related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, China
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