51
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Tao X, Chen Y, Guo J, Wang X, Gong H. Preparation of α-amino acids via Ni-catalyzed reductive vinylation and arylation of α-pivaloyloxy glycine. Chem Sci 2020; 12:220-226. [PMID: 34163591 PMCID: PMC8178948 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work emphasizes easy access to α-vinyl and aryl amino acids via Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of bench-stable N-carbonyl-protected α-pivaloyloxy glycine with vinyl/aryl halides and triflates. The protocol permits the synthesis of α-amino acids bearing hindered branched vinyl groups, which remains a challenge using the current methods. On the basis of experimental and DFT studies, simultaneous addition of glycine α-carbon (Gly) radicals to Ni(0) and Ar–Ni(ii) may occur, with the former being more favored where oxidative addition of a C(sp2) electrophile to the resultant Gly–Ni(i) intermediate gives a key Gly–Ni(iii)–Ar intermediate. The auxiliary chelation of the N-carbonyl oxygen to the Ni center appears to be crucial to stabilize the Gly–Ni(i) intermediate. We have developed Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-carbonyl protected α-pivaloyloxy glycine with Csp2-electrophiles that enabled facile preparation of α-amino acids, including those bearing hindered branched vinyl groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yanchi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364 Denver Colorado 80217-3364 USA
| | - Hegui Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
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52
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Amgoune A, Kerackian T, Reina A, Krachko T, Boddaert H, Bouyssi D, Monteiro N. C(sp3)–H Bond Acylation with N-Acyl Imides under Photoredox/ Nickel Dual Catalysis. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA novel Ni/photoredox-catalyzed acylation of aliphatic substrates, including simple alkanes and dialkyl ethers, has been developed. The method combines C–N bond activation of amides with a radical relay mechanism involving hydrogen-atom transfer. The protocol is operationally simple, employs bench-stable N-acyl imides as acyl-transfer reagents, and permits facile access to alkyl ketones under very mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Taline Kerackian
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
| | - Antonio Reina
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
| | - Tetiana Krachko
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
| | - Hugo Boddaert
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS
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53
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Liu J, Ye Y, Sessler JL, Gong H. Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Activated and Sterically Hindered Halides and Alcohol Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1833-1845. [PMID: 32840998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl electrophiles has evolved into a privileged strategy that permits the facile construction of valuable C(sp3)-C bonds. Numerous elegant Ni-catalyzed coupling methods, for example, arylation, allylation, acylation, and vinylation of primary and secondary alkyl halides have been developed. This prior work has provided important mechanistic insights into the selectivity and reactivity of the coupling partners, which are largely dictated by both the catalysts and the reactants. In spite of the advances made to date, a number of challenging issues remain, including (1) achieving stereoselective syntheses of C-C bonds that rely primarily on functionalized or activated alkyl precursors, (2) diversifying the electrophiles, and (3) gaining insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms.In this Account, we summarize a number of Ni- and Fe-catalyzed reductive C-C bond forming methods developed in our laboratory, which have allowed us to couple activated, sterically hindered tertiary alkyl and C(sp3)-O bond electrophiles and to access methylated and trifluoromethylated products, esters, C-glycosides, and quaternary carbon centers. We will begin with a brief discussion of Ni-catalyzed chemoselective construction of unactivated alkyl-alkyl bonds, with focus on the effects of ligands and reductants, along with leaving group-directed reactivities of alkyl halides, and the role they play in promoting the reductive coupling of activated electrophiles, including methyl, trifluoromethyl, and glycosyl electrophiles, and chloroformates. Matching the reactivities of these electrophiles with suitable coupling partners is considered essential for success; this is something that can be tuned by means of appropriate Ni catalysts. Second, we will detail how tuning the steric and electronic effects of nickel catalysts with labile pyridine-type ligands and additives (primarily MgCl2) permits effective creation of arylated all-carbon quaternary centers through the coupling of aryl halides with sterically encumbered tertiary alkyl halides. In contrast, the use of bulkier bipyridine and terpyridine ligands permits the incorporation of relative small-sized acyl and allyl groups into acylated and allylated all-carbon quaternary centers. Finally, we will show how the knowledge gained with halide electrophiles enabled us to develop methods that permit the coupling of tertiary alkyl oxalates with allyl, aryl, and vinyl electrophiles, wherein Barton C-O bond radical fragmentation is mediated by Zn and MgCl2 and promoted by Ni catalysts. The same protocol is applicable to the arylation of secondary alkyl oxalates derived from α-hydroxyl carbonyl substrates, which involves the formation of relatively stable α-carbonyl carbon centered radicals. Thus, this Account not only summarizes synthetic methods that allow formation of valuable C-C bonds using challenging electrophiles but also provides insight into the relationship between the structure and reactivity of the substrates and catalysts, as well as the effects of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Liu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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54
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Xu C, Cheng R, Luo Y, Wang M, Zhang X. trans
‐Selective Aryldifluoroalkylation of Endocyclic Enecarbamates and Enamides by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yun‐Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ming‐Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- College of Chemistry Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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55
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Xu C, Cheng R, Luo YC, Wang MK, Zhang X. trans-Selective Aryldifluoroalkylation of Endocyclic Enecarbamates and Enamides by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18741-18747. [PMID: 32643261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the dicarbofuntionalization of the cyclic alkenes 2-pyrroline and 2-azetine are limited. Particularly, the dicarbofunctionalization of endocyclic enecarbamates to achieve fluorinated compounds remains an unsolved issue. Reported here is a nickel-catalyzed trans-selective dicarbofunctionalization of N-Boc-2-pyrroline and N-Boc-2-azetine, a class of endocyclic enecarbamates previously unexplored for transition metal catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization. The reaction can be extended to six- and seven-membered endocyclic enamides. A variety of arylzinc reagents and bromodifluoroacetate, and its derivatives, undergo the reaction, providing straightforward and efficient access to an array of pyrrolidine- and azetidine-containing fluorinated amino acids and oligopeptides, which may have applications in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming-Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.,College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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56
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Somerville RJ, Odena C, Obst MF, Hazari N, Hopmann KH, Martin R. Ni(I)-Alkyl Complexes Bearing Phenanthroline Ligands: Experimental Evidence for CO 2 Insertion at Ni(I) Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10936-10941. [PMID: 32520556 PMCID: PMC7351122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the catalytic carboxylation of unactivated alkyl electrophiles has reached remarkable levels of sophistication, the intermediacy of (phenanthroline)Ni(I)-alkyl species-complexes proposed in numerous Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions-has been subject to speculation. Herein we report the synthesis of such elusive (phenanthroline)Ni(I) species and their reactivity with CO2, allowing us to address a long-standing question related to Ni-catalyzed carboxylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J Somerville
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lı́ Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlota Odena
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lı́ Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc F Obst
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluı́s Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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57
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Malik JA, Madani A, Pieber B, Seeberger PH. Evidence for Photocatalyst Involvement in Oxidative Additions of Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylate O-Arylations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11042-11049. [PMID: 32469219 PMCID: PMC7467672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual photocatalysis and nickel catalysis can effect cross-coupling under mild conditions, but little is known about the in situ kinetics of this class of reactions. We report a comprehensive kinetic examination of a model carboxylate O-arylation, comparing a state-of-the-art homogeneous photocatalyst (Ir(ppy)3) with a competitive heterogeneous photocatalyst (graphitic carbon nitride). Experimental conditions were adjusted such that the nickel catalytic cycle is saturated with excited photocatalyst. This approach was designed to remove the role of the photocatalyst, by which only the intrinsic behaviors of the nickel catalytic cycles are observed. The two reactions did not display identical kinetics. Ir(ppy)3 deactivates the nickel catalytic cycle and creates more dehalogenated side product. Kinetic data for the reaction using Ir(ppy)3 supports a turnover-limiting reductive elimination. Graphitic carbon nitride gave higher selectivity, even at high photocatalyst-to-nickel ratios. The heterogeneous reaction also showed a rate dependence on aryl halide, indicating that oxidative addition plays a role in rate determination. The results argue against the current mechanistic hypothesis, which states that the photocatalyst is only involved to trigger reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal A Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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58
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Debrouwer W, Kimpe W, Dangreau R, Huvaere K, Gemoets HPL, Mottaghi M, Kuhn S, Van Aken K. Ir/Ni Photoredox Dual Catalysis with Heterogeneous Base Enabled by an Oscillatory Plug Flow Photoreactor. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Kimpe
- EcoSynth, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Milad Mottaghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Aken
- EcoSynth, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
- Creaflow, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
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59
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Kim S, Goldfogel MJ, Gilbert MM, Weix DJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Primary Alkyl Chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9902-9907. [PMID: 32412241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl chlorides and aryl chlorides are among the most abundant and stable carbon electrophiles. Although their coupling with carbon nucleophiles is well developed, the cross-electrophile coupling of aryl chlorides with alkyl chlorides has remained a challenge. We report here the first general approach to this transformation. The key to productive, selective cross-coupling is the use of a small amount of iodide or bromide along with a recently reported ligand, pyridine-2,6-bis(N-cyanocarboxamidine) (PyBCamCN). The scope of the reaction is demonstrated with 35 examples (63 ± 16% average yield), and we show that the Br- and I- additives act as cocatalysts, generating a low, steady-state concentration of more-reactive alkyl bromide/iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew J Goldfogel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael M Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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60
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Shanahan JP, Mullis DM, Zeller M, Szymczak NK. Reductively Stable Hydrogen-Bonding Ligands Featuring Appended CF2–H Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8809-8817. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Danielle M. Mullis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nathaniel K. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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61
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Diccianni J, Lin Q, Diao T. Mechanisms of Nickel-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions and Applications in Alkene Functionalization. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:906-919. [PMID: 32237734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nickel complexes exhibit distinct properties from other group 10 metals, including a small nuclear radius, high paring energy, low electronegativity, and low redox potentials. These properties enable Ni catalysts to accommodate and stabilize paramagnetic intermediates, access radical pathways, and undergo slow β-H elimination. Our research program investigates how each of these fundamental attributes impact the catalytic properties of Ni, in particular in the context of alkene functionalization.Alkenes are versatile functional groups, but stereoselective carbofunctionalization reactions of alkenes have been underdeveloped. This challenge may derive from the difficulty of controlling selectivity via traditional two-electron migratory insertion pathways. Ni catalysts could lead to different stereodetermining steps via radical mechanisms, allowing access to molecular scaffolds that are otherwise difficult to prepare. For example, an asymmetric alkene diarylation reaction developed by our group relies upon the radical properties of Ni(III) intermediates to control the enantioselectivity and give access to a library of chiral α,α,β-triarylethane molecules with biological activity.Mechanistic studies on a two-component reductive 1,2-difunctionalization reaction have shed light on the origin of the cross-electrophile selectivity, as C sp2 and C sp3 electrophiles are independently activated at Ni(I) via two-electron and radical pathways, respectively. Catalyst reduction has been identified to be the turnover-limiting step in this system. A closer investigation of the radical formation step using a (Xantphos)Ni(I)Ar model complex reveals that Ni(I) initiates radical formation via a concerted halogen-abstraction pathway.The low redox potentials of Ni have allowed us to develop a reductive, trans-selective diene cyclization, wherein a classic two-electron mechanism operates on a Ni(I)/Ni(III) platform, accounting for the chemo- and stereoselectivity. This reaction has found applications in the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules, such as 3,4-dimethylgababutin.The tendency of Ni to undergo one-electron redox processes prompted us to explore dinuclear Ni-mediated bond formations. These studies provide insight into Ni-Ni bonding and how two metal centers react cooperatively to promote C-C, C-X, and N-N bond forming reductive elimination.Finally, isolation of β-agostic Ni and Pd complexes has allowed for X-ray and neutron diffraction characterization of these highly reactive molecules. The bonding parameters serve as unambiguous evidence for β-agostic interactions and help rationalize the slower β-H elimination at Ni relative to Pd. Overall, our research has elucidated the fundamental properties of Ni complexes in several contexts. Greater mechanistic understanding facilitates catalyst design and helps rationalize the reactivity and selectivity in Ni-catalyzed alkene functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Diccianni
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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62
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Steiman TJ, Liu J, Mengiste A, Doyle AG. Synthesis of β-Phenethylamines via Ni/Photoredox Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aliphatic Aziridines and Aryl Iodides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7598-7605. [PMID: 32250602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoassisted Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between tosyl-protected alkyl aziridines and commercially available (hetero)aryl iodides is reported. This mild and modular method proceeds in the absence of stoichiometric heterogeneous reductants and uses an inexpensive organic photocatalyst to access medicinally valuable β-phenethylamine derivatives. Unprecedented reactivity was achieved with the activation of cyclic aziridines. Mechanistic studies suggest that the regioselectivity and reactivity observed under these conditions are a result of nucleophilic iodide ring opening of the aziridine to generate an iodoamine as the active electrophile. This strategy also enables cross-coupling with Boc-protected aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia J Steiman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Amanuella Mengiste
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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63
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Takahashi T, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbobromination of Alkynes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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64
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Ting SI, Garakyaraghi S, Taliaferro CM, Shields BJ, Scholes GD, Castellano FN, Doyle AG. 3d-d Excited States of Ni(II) Complexes Relevant to Photoredox Catalysis: Spectroscopic Identification and Mechanistic Implications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5800-5810. [PMID: 32150401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic organic chemistry has seen major advances due to the merger of nickel and photoredox catalysis. A growing number of Ni-photoredox reactions are proposed to involve generation of excited nickel species, sometimes even in the absence of a photoredox catalyst. To gain insights about these excited states, two of our groups previously studied the photophysics of Ni(t-Bubpy)(o-Tol)Cl, which is representative of proposed intermediates in many Ni-photoredox reactions. This complex was found to have a long-lived excited state (τ = 4 ns), which was computationally assigned as a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state with an energy of 1.6 eV (38 kcal/mol). This work evaluates the computational assignment experimentally using a series of related complexes. Ultrafast UV-Vis and mid-IR transient absorption data suggest that a MLCT state is generated initially upon excitation but decays to a long-lived state that is 3d-d rather than 3MLCT in character. Dynamic cis,trans-isomerization of the square planar complexes was observed in the dark using 1H NMR techniques, supporting that this 3d-d state is tetrahedral and accessible at ambient temperature. Through a combination of transient absorption and NMR studies, the 3d-d state was determined to lie ∼0.5 eV (12 kcal/mol) above the ground state. Because the 3d-d state features a weak Ni-aryl bond, the excited Ni(II) complexes can undergo Ni homolysis to generate aryl radicals and Ni(I), both of which are supported experimentally. Thus, photoinduced Ni-aryl homolysis offers a novel mechanism of initiating catalysis by Ni(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sofia Garakyaraghi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Chelsea M Taliaferro
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Benjamin J Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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65
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Yanagi T, Somerville RJ, Nogi K, Martin R, Yorimitsu H. Ni-Catalyzed Carboxylation of C(sp2)–S Bonds with CO2: Evidence for the Multifaceted Role of Zn. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rosie J. Somerville
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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66
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67
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Kolahdouzan K, Khalaf R, Grandner JM, Chen Y, Terrett JA, Huestis MP. Dual Photoredox/Nickel-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Halides to Aryl Aminooxetanes: Computational Evidence for a Substrate-Dependent Switch in Mechanism. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavoos Kolahdouzan
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ryan Khalaf
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jessica M. Grandner
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jack A. Terrett
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Malcolm P. Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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68
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Lin Q, Diao T. Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17937-17948. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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69
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Patel UN, Jagtap RA, Punji B. Scope and Mechanistic Aspect of Nickel-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Benzothiazoles and Related Azoles with Styryl Bromides. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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70
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Yang Y, Zhou Q, Cai J, Xue T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Su Y, Chung L, Vicic DA. Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5275-5282. [PMID: 31191883 PMCID: PMC6540912 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the exploitment of the partially fluorinated trifluoroethyl as precatalyst ligands in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylation and fluoroalkylation coupling reactions. Compared with the [L n NiII(aryl)(X)] precatalysts, the unique characters of bis-trifluoroethyl ligands imparted precatalyst [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] with bench-top stability, good solubilities in organic media and interesting catalytic activities. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that an eliminative extrusion of a vinylidene difluoride (VDF, CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2) mask from [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] is a critical step for the initiation of a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Junjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
| | - Yingle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yumei Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Lungwa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
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71
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Gualandi A, Rodeghiero G, Faraone A, Patuzzo F, Marchini M, Calogero F, Perciaccante R, Jansen TP, Ceroni P, Cozzi PG. Allylation of aldehydes by dual photoredox and nickel catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6838-6841. [PMID: 31093623 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the application of dual nickel/photoredox catalysis to the allylation of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes by using commercially available reagents. The process utilizes the combination of a Ni(ii) complex, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photoredox catalyst, and allylacetate under blue LED irradiation, and allows the synthesis of a large variety of homoallylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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