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Hu M, Sukhanov AA, Zhang X, Elmali A, Zhao J, Ji S, Karatay A, Voronkova VK. Spiro Rhodamine-Perylene Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Conformation Restriction, Charge Separation, and Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4187-4203. [PMID: 33876644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spiro rhodamine (Rho)-perylene (Pery) electron donor-acceptor dyads were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) in these rigid and sterically congested molecular systems. The electron-donor Rho (lactam form) moiety is attached via the N-C bond to the electron acceptor at either 1- or 3-position of the Pery moiety (Rho-Pery-1 and Rho-Pery-3). Severe torsion of the Pery moiety in Rho-Pery-1 was observed. The fluorescence of the two dyads is significantly quenched in polar solvents, and the singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) are strongly dependent on solvent polarity (4-36%). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra demonstrate that charge separation (CS) takes 0.51 ps in Rho-Pery-1 and 5.75 ps in Rho-Pery-3, and the charge recombination (CR)-induced ISC is slow (>3 ns). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra indicate that the formation of triplet states via SOCT-ISC takes 24-75 ns for Rho-Pery-1 and 6-15 ns for Rho-Pery-3, and the distorted π-framework of the Pery moiety results in a shorter triplet lifetime of 19.9 vs 291 μs for the planar analogue. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the SOCT-ISC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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52
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Zhang X, Chen X, Zhao J. Electron spin-controlled charge transfer and the resulting long-lived charge transfer state: from transition metal complexes to organic compounds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:59-67. [PMID: 33338095 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03737k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The generation of long-lived charge transfer (CT) states in electron donor/acceptor dyads upon photoexcitation is crucial for artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Electron spin control is a novel strategy to prolong the CT state lifetime via generation of the 3CT triplet state, instead of the traditional short-lived 1CT state. This method involves a local triplet excited state (3LE) as the precursor of charge separation (CS), and the electron forbidden feature of the charge recombination (CR) of 3CT → S0vs. the electron spin allowed 1CT → S0 prolongs the CT state lifetime. In this article, we summarized the recent developments and challenges in this emerging fascinating area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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Chen X, Pang J, Imran M, Li X, Zhao J, Li M. Charge separation, charge recombination and intersystem crossing in orthogonal naphthalimide-perylene electron donor/acceptor dyad. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:69-85. [PMID: 33721237 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-020-00002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We prepared an orthogonal electron donor/acceptor dyad (NI-Py) with perylene (Py) as electron donor and 4-aminonaphthalimide (NI) as an electron acceptor. The molecule adopts orthogonal geometry due to the steric hindrance exerted by the 4-amino substituents on the NI moiety. The photophysical properties of dyad were studied by steady-state UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies and DFT computations. Ground state interaction between the NI and Py units is negligible; however, charge separation occurs upon photoexcitation, indicated by the quenching of the fluorescence of the dyad in polar solvents, i.e. fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) is 61.9% in toluene and ΦF = 0.2% in methanol. Spin-orbit-coupled charge transfer-induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) was confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (charge separation takes 1.7 ps and charge recombination takes 6.9 ns, in CH2Cl2). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra indicated the formation of perylene-localized triplet state, and the triplet state lifetime (175 μs) is much longer than that accessed with the heavy atom effect (3-bromoperylene; 16 μs). The singlet oxygen quantum (ΦΔ) yield of the dyad is 2.2% in hexane and 9.5% in dichloromethane. The low SOCT-ISC efficiency as compared to the previously reported analogue (ΦΔ = 80%) is attributed to the mismatch of the 1CT/Tn state energies, and/or the orientation of the NI and Py units, i.e. orthogonal geometry is not sufficient for achieving efficient SOCT-ISC in compact electron donor/acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University, UrumqiXinjiang, 830046, China.
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China.
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54
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Ge C, Di X, Han S, Wang M, Qian X, Su Z, Liu HK, Qian Y. Hydrogen sulfide triggered molecular agent for imaging and cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1931-1934. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed an activatable molecular agent, PNF, triggered by intracellular H2S in the lysosome to release the therapeutic drug amonafide, which can escape from the lysosome into the nucleus to induce autophagy of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ge
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Di
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Jinling Hospital
- The First School of Clinical Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Nanjing
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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Lv M, Yu Y, Sandoval‐Salinas ME, Xu J, Lei Z, Casanova D, Yang Y, Chen J. Engineering the Charge‐Transfer State to Facilitate Spin–Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing in Spirobis[anthracene]diones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology School of Pharmacy Shanghai 200237 China
| | - María E. Sandoval‐Salinas
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
| | - Zuhai Lei
- School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - David Casanova
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Youjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology School of Pharmacy Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
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Hou Y, Liu J, Zhang N, Zhao J. Long-Lived Local Triplet Excited State and Charge Transfer State of 4,4'-Dimethoxy Triphenylamine-BODIPY Compact Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9360-9374. [PMID: 33140645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) and the formation of a long-lived charge transfer (CT) state were studied with a series of 4,4'-dimethoxy triphenylamine-BODIPY compact electron donor/acceptor dyads. Different torsion freedoms were applied in the dyads to tune the electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor, and a red-shifted CT absorption band was observed for one dyad. The dyads show solvent polarity-dependent singlet oxygen photosensitizing ability (quantum yields 3%-79%). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of the dyad in nonpolar solvent confirm the formation of triplet states. The intrinsic triplet state lifetime is up to 383 μs (in fluid solution), which is much longer than that accessed with the heavy atom effect (276 μs). Intermolecular triplet photosensitizing of the dyads in a polar solvent produces a long-lived 3CT state (lifetime, τCT = 8.0 μs supported by the electron spin density surface analysis). The triplet state lifetime of the dyads doped in a Clear Flex 50 polymer film is exceptionally long (7.6-11.4 ms), and formation of a long-lived CT state (37 μs) was observed. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion was performed with the electron donor/acceptor dyads used as the triplet photosensitizer and perylene used as the triplet acceptor; the upconversion quantum yield is up to 15.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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57
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Engineering the Charge‐Transfer State to Facilitate Spin–Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing in Spirobis[anthracene]diones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22179-22184. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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58
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Liu D, El-Zohry AM, Taddei M, Matt C, Bussotti L, Wang Z, Zhao J, Mohammed OF, Di Donato M, Weber S. Long-Lived Charge-Transfer State Induced by Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing (SOCT-ISC) in a Compact Spiro Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11591-11599. [PMID: 32270586 PMCID: PMC7496792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We prepared conceptually novel, fully rigid, spiro compact electron donor (Rhodamine B, lactam form, RB)/acceptor (naphthalimide; NI) orthogonal dyad to attain the long‐lived triplet charge‐transfer (3CT) state, based on the electron spin control using spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT‐ISC). Transient absorption (TA) spectra indicate the first charge separation (CS) takes place within 2.5 ps, subsequent SOCT‐ISC takes 8 ns to produce the 3NI* state. Then the slow secondary CS (125 ns) gives the long‐lived 3CT state (0.94 μs in deaerated n‐hexane) with high energy level (ca. 2.12 eV). The cascade photophysical processes of the dyad upon photoexcitation are summarized as 1NI*→1CT→3NI*→3CT. With time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra, an EEEAAA electron‐spin polarization pattern was observed for the naphthalimide‐localized triplet state. Our spiro compact dyad structure and the electron spin‐control approach is different to previous methods for which invoking transition‐metal coordination or chromophores with intrinsic ISC ability is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Clemens Matt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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