51
|
Gärtner M, Mandl P, Radner H, Supp G, Machold KP, Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1056-8. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Mandl
- Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sonographic Bulge Test for Small Effusion and Occult Synovitis of the Knee. J Clin Rheumatol 2014; 20:109-11. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
53
|
Putterie G, Créteur V, Mouraux D, Robert C, El-Kazzi W, Schuind F. Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthrosis: clinical results and sonographic evaluation of the interposed tissue after trapeziectomy and first metacarpal suspension by external minifixation at a minimal two-year follow-up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:29-37. [PMID: 24316369 DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2013.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the surgical options to treat trapeziometacarpal osteoarthrosis, trapeziectomy has been criticized as unable to prevent postoperative collapse of the thumb, causing painful scapho-metacarpal impingement. The implantation of an external minifixator between the first and the second metacarpals for sufficient time has been proposed to maintain the postoperative space created by the bone resection to allow the development of a resistant interposed fibrous tissue. Nineteen patients (16 women, 3 men, mean age 64.5 years) were evaluated at 3.3 years of follow-up after an unilateral trapeziectomy and first metacarpal suspension by external minifixation. Eighty-four percent of the patients were very satisfied with the operation. The mean DASH score was 27.7%, the pain 1.7/10 (Visual Analogue Scale), the opening angle of the first web 58.3° and the Kapandji opposition score 9.5/10. Sonography demonstrated the existence of a strong fibrotic interposed tissue, preventing scapho-metacarpal impingement. The mean height of the trapeziectomy space (8.4mm) was maintained upon active pinch and maximal traction on the thumb. A significant atrophy of thenar muscles was also demonstrated, except for the Abductor pollicis brevis. In conclusion, total trapeziectomy with external minifixation provides acceptable clinical results, stabilizes the base of the thumb and prevents scapho-metacarpal impingement. The study brings also important new information about the nature of the interposed tissue in the trapezial space and about the state of the thenar muscles after trapeziectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Putterie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Créteur
- Department of Radiology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Mouraux
- Department of Physiotherapy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Robert
- Department of Physiotherapy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W El-Kazzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Schuind
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, 808, route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Janta I, Naredo E, Martinez-Estupinan L, Nieto JC, De la Torre I, Valor L, Estopinan L, Bello N, Hinojosa M, Gonzalez CM, Lopez-Longo J, Monteagudo I, Montoro M, Carreno L. Patient self-assessment and physician's assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity: which is more realistic in remission status? A comparison with ultrasonography. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:2243-50. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
55
|
Uryasev O, Joseph OC, McNamara JP, Dallas AP. Novel joint cupping clinical maneuver for ultrasonographic detection of knee joint effusions. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31:1598-600. [PMID: 24041637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knee effusions occur due to traumatic and atraumatic causes. Clinical diagnosis currently relies on several provocative techniques to demonstrate knee joint effusions. Portable bedside ultrasonography (US) is becoming an adjunct to diagnosis of effusions. We hypothesized that a US approach with a clinical joint cupping maneuver increases sensitivity in identifying effusions as compared to US alone. METHODS Using unembalmed cadaver knees, we injected fluid to create effusions up to 10 mL. Each effusion volume was measured in a lateral transverse location with respect to the patella. For each effusion we applied a joint cupping maneuver from an inferior approach, and re-measured the effusion. RESULTS With increased volume of saline infusion, the mean depth of effusion on ultrasound imaging increased as well. Using a 2-mm cutoff, we visualized an effusion without the joint cupping maneuver at 2.5 mL and with the joint cupping technique at 1 mL. Mean effusion diameter increased on average 0.26 cm for the joint cupping maneuver as compared to without the maneuver. The effusion depth was statistically different at 2.5 and 7.5 mL (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a joint cupping technique in combination with US is a valuable tool in assessing knee effusions, especially those of subclinical levels. Effusion measurements are complicated by uneven distribution of effusion fluid. A clinical joint cupping maneuver concentrates the fluid in one recess of the joint, increasing the likelihood of fluid detection using US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Uryasev
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ulaşli AM, Yaman F, Dikici Ö, Karaman A, Kaçar E, Demirdal ÜS. Accuracy in detecting knee effusion with clinical examination and the effect of effusion, the patient's body mass index, and the clinician's experience. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:1139-43. [PMID: 23942728 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of detecting knee effusion with clinical examination and to evaluate whether the amount of effusion, patient obesity, and the clinicians' experience affect the clinicians' decisions in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients presenting with knee pain were examined by two residents with different levels of experience and underwent ultrasonographic examination, including measurement of effusion in the medial, mid, and lateral aspects of the suprapatellar bursa. One hundred seventy-two knees of 86 patients were examined. Of the knees investigated, 127 (73.8 %) had effusion. The consistency between ultrasonographic and resident examination were weak (κ = 0.193, p = 0.007 and κ = 0.349, p < 0.001), although the more experienced senior resident had a stronger agreement. The overall inter-rater agreement between the two residents was low (κ = 0.254). The senior resident had a significantly higher accuracy ratio (p = 0.036). In the knees without effusion, the two examiners had no agreement (κ = -0.028, p = 0.856); however, the ratios of the true decisions were similar (p = 1.0). The accuracy of the less experienced resident's decisions was affected by effusion depth (p = 0.005). Clinicians' decisions and their accuracy in detecting knee effusion during clinical examination were different, especially in the absence of effusion. The consistency between ultrasonography and residents was low. The accuracy of clinical examination was affected by effusion depth and experience, but not by patient obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Murat Ulaşli
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing numbers of rheumatologists have incorporated musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a valuable diagnostic tool into their clinical practice. Some countries have established training programmes for MSUS. The European League Against Rheumatism has developed education guidelines for the content and conductance of MSUS courses and it would be useful to standardise rheumatology MSUS training worldwide. A thorough knowledge of anatomy, US physics and technology, US scanning methods, US pattern of normal and pathological musculoskeletal tissues, definitions for US pathology, artefacts and pitfalls in both greyscale and Doppler modalities is necessary to perform efficient MSUS. MSUS training includes attending theoretical-practical and online courses, as well as studying textbooks and using digital video discs (DVDs). Having access to US equipment and performing supervised normal and pathological MSUS examinations for a training period are mandatory for consolidating MSUS learning. A proposal to accredit and certificate competence in MSUS is now being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Iagnocco
- Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Rodríguez-Henríquez P, Solano C, Peña A, León-Hernández S, Hernández-Díaz C, Gutiérrez M, Pineda C. Sternoclavicular Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical and Ultrasound Findings of a Neglected Joint. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Solano
- Hospital Nacional Rosales and Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social; San Salvador; El Salvador
| | - Angélica Peña
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan; 14389; México; DF; Mexico
| | - Saúl León-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan; 14389; México; DF; Mexico
| | - Cristina Hernández-Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan; 14389; México; DF; Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Pineda
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan; 14389; México; DF; Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mandl P, Balint PV, Brault Y, Backhaus M, D'Agostino MA, Grassi W, van der Heijde D, de Miguel E, Wakefield RJ, Logeart I, Dougados M. Clinical and Ultrasound-Based Composite Disease Activity Indices in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Multicenter, Randomized Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:879-87. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mandl
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy; Budapest; Hungary
| | - P. V. Balint
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy; Budapest; Hungary
| | | | - M. Backhaus
- University Hospital Charité; Berlin; Germany
| | - M. A. D'Agostino
- Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines University; AP-HP, Ambroise-Paré Hospital; Boulogne-Billancourt; France
| | - W. Grassi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche; Jesi; Ancona; Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Dougados
- Paris-Descartes University; UPRES-EA 4058; AP-HP; Cochin Hospital; Paris; France
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Paresce E, De Lucia O, Bruschi E, Giacomelli L, Epis OM. Use of ultrasound-assisted arthroscopy in rheumatology: an experience in 11 patients with different rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:309-12. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2013.794136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
61
|
Sakellariou GT, Sayegh FE, Anastasilakis AD, Bisbinas I, Kapetanos GA. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for refractory severe knee synovitis in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis: efficacy and predictors of response. Scand J Rheumatol 2013; 42:369-72. [PMID: 23607529 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2013.777107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for severe knee synovitis, refractory to low-dose oral corticosteroids and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid injections, in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA). We also examined the association between the clinical response of knee synovitis and demographic and clinical parameters of the studied patients. METHOD Patients with SpA-related arthritis including resistant and severe knee synovitis, defined as the presence of swelling, tenderness, and a decreased range of movement on clinical examination, treated with DMARDs between January 2005 and January 2012 were studied retrospectively. No evidence of knee synovitis was considered a clinical response to DMARDs. RESULTS Forty-five patients [mean age 41.0 ± 1.9 years; 33 (73.3%) males] were studied. In 14 (31.1%) of the patients there was a clinical response of knee synovitis, while the remaining 31 (68.9%) patients were non-responders. Response to DMARD therapy was associated with disease subtype (p = 0.011) and HLA-B27 (p = 0.023) but not with a history of psoriasis (p = 0.067) or age at disease onset (p = 0.054). However, only a history of psoriasis could independently predict the response to DMARDs [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.232, p = 0.049]. CONCLUSIONS One-third of the patients with peripheral SpA and severe resistant knee synovitis had a clinical response to DMARD therapy. Disease subtype and HLA-B27 were associated with the response of knee synovitis to DMARDs, but only psoriasis could independently predict this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Sakellariou
- Department of Rheumatology, 424 General Military Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kang T, Horton L, Emery P, Wakefield RJ. Value of ultrasound in rheumatologic diseases. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:497-507. [PMID: 23580002 PMCID: PMC3617300 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.4.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology clinical practice has rapidly increased over the past decade. Ultrasound has enabled rheumatologists to diagnose, prognosticate and monitor disease outcome. Although international standardization remains a concern still, the use of ultrasound in rheumatology is expected to grow further as costs fall and the opportunity to train in the technique improves. We present a review of value of ultrasound, focusing on major applications of ultrasound in rheumatologic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yonsei Univeristy Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (LMBRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Horton
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (LMBRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (LMBRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard J. Wakefield
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (LMBRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Joshua F. Ultrasound applications for the practicing rheumatologist. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 26:853-67. [PMID: 23273796 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an increasingly used tool for the evaluation and management of rheumatologic diseases. Its utilisation by rheumatologists is varied around the world and is dependent upon training and local expertise. Its applications can be broadly categorised into three main areas; for the education of patients, to aid the rheumatologist in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, and therapeutically for joint aspiration and injection. Ultrasound is a safe, portable, easily repeatable, dynamic images in multiple planes and cheap form of imaging. Ultrasound however, is operator dependent and has a number of artefacts that can result in misinterpretation. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound uses a number of modes to characterise joint pathology, including grey scale, colour and power Doppler, spectral Doppler, 3D imaging, elastography. Musculoskeletal ultrasound can detect and monitor multiple joint pathologies including synovitis, tenosynovitis, and tendon pathologies, entheseal processes, bone erosions and osteophytes, cartilage changes and bursal pathologies.
Collapse
|
64
|
Le Boedec M, Jousse-Joulin S, Ferlet JF, Marhadour T, Chales G, Grange L, Hacquard-Bouder C, Loeuille D, Sellam J, Albert JD, Bentin J, Chary-Valckenaere I, D'Agostino MA, Etchepare F, Gaudin P, Hudry C, Dougados M, Saraux A. Factors influencing concordance between clinical and ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:244-52. [PMID: 23322464 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical joint examination (CJE) is less time-consuming than ultrasound (US) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low concordance between CJE and US would indicate that the 2 tests provide different types of information. Knowledge of factors associated with CJE/US concordance would help to select patients and joints for US. Our objective was to identify factors associated with CJE/US concordance. METHODS Seventy-six patients with RA requiring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist therapy were included in a prospective, multicenter cohort. In each patient, 38 joints were evaluated. Synovitis was scored using CJE, B-mode US (B-US), and power Doppler US (PDUS). Joints whose kappa coefficient (κ) for agreement CJE/US was < 0.1 were considered discordant. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with CJE/US concordance, defined as factors yielding p < 0.05 and OR > 2. RESULTS Concordance before TNF-α antagonist therapy varied across joints for CJE/US (κ = -0.08 to 0.51) and B-US/PDUS (κ = 0.30 to 0.67). CJE/US concordance was low at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders (κ < 0.1). Before TNF-α antagonist therapy, a low 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was associated with good CJE/B-US concordance, and no factors were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance. After TNF-α antagonist therapy, only the joint site was associated with CJE/B-US concordance; joint site and short disease duration were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance. CONCLUSION Concordance between CJE and US is poor overall. US adds information to CJE, most notably at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders. Usefulness is decreased for B-US when DAS28 is low and for PDUS when disease duration is short.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Le Boedec
- Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Role of ultrasonography in diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis and remission of rheumatoid arthritis--a systematic review of the literature. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R4. [PMID: 23298444 PMCID: PMC3672772 DOI: 10.1186/ar4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ultrasonography (US) might have an added value to clinical examination in diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assessing remission of RA. We aimed to clarify the added value of US in RA in these situations performing a systematic review. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for RA, US, diagnosis and remission. Methodological quality was assessed; the wide variability in the design of studies prohibited pooling of results. Results Six papers on the added value of US diagnosing early RA were found, in which at least bilateral metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrists and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were scanned. Compared to clinical examination, US was superior with regard to detecting synovitis and predicting progression to persistent arthritis or RA. Eleven papers on assessing remission were identified, in which at least the wrist and the MCP joints of the dominant hand were scanned. Often US detected inflammation in patients clinically in remission, irrespective of the remission criteria used. Power Doppler signs of synovitis predicted X-ray progression and future flare in patients clinically in remission. Conclusions US appears to have added value to clinical examination for diagnosing of RA when scanning at least MCP, wrist and MTP joints, and, when evaluating remission of RA, scanning at least wrist and MCP joints of the dominant hand. For both purposes primarily power Doppler US might be used since its results are less equivocal than those of greyscale US.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kang T, Lanni S, Nam J, Emery P, Wakefield RJ. The evolution of ultrasound in rheumatology. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:399-411. [PMID: 23227117 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x12460116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a powerful tool not only for evaluating joint and related structures but also for assessing disease activity. Ultrasound in rheumatology has rapidly evolved and been incorporated into routine clinical practice over the past decade. Moreover, technological development of equipment has made it more accessible for rheumatologists. We present a review of advances in ultrasound in rheumatology, focusing on major chronological developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yonsei Univeristy Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Pain in patients with equal radiographic grades of osteoarthritis in both knees: the value of gray scale ultrasound. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1507-13. [PMID: 22944523 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of ultrasound (US) features with pain and the functional scores in patients with equal radiographic grades of osteoarthritis (OA) in both knees. METHODS Fifty-six consecutive patients with knee OA: 85 symptomatic knees (81 knees with medial pain) and 27 asymptomatic knees, and 10 healthy patients without knee OA as a control were enrolled. US was done by two ultrasonographers blinded to patient diagnoses. US features were semiquantitatively scored (0-3) when appropriate. RESULTS In the OA group, common US findings were marginal osteophyte, suprapatellar synovitis, suprapatellar effusion (SPE), medial meniscus protrusion, medial compartment synovitis (MCS), lateral compartment synovitis, and Baker's cyst. Only SPE and MCS were significantly associated with knee pain. Visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores on motion were positively linearly associated with SPE and MCS (P < 0.01). Only MCS was degree-dependently associated with VAS scores at rest, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities pain subscale, and the presence of medial knee pain (P < 0.01) after adjustments for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), radiographic grade, and other US features. In the control group, no US features were associated with knee pain. CONCLUSIONS US inflammation features, including SPE and MCS, were positively linearly associated with knee pain in motion. MCS was also degree-dependently associated with pain at rest and the presence of medial knee pain. These findings show that synovitis was one important predictive factor of pain. Further studies to confirm the association of US features and pain are warranted.
Collapse
|
68
|
Iagnocco A, Perricone C, Scirocco C, Ceccarelli F, Modesti M, Gattamelata A, Vavala C, Rutigliano IM, Musetescu A, Valesini G. The interobserver reliability of ultrasound in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:2013-9. [PMID: 22843774 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the interobserver reliability between sonographers with different levels of experience in detecting inflammatory and structural damage abnormalities in patients with knee OA. METHODS After achieving consensus on definitions and scanning protocols, three ultrasonographers with different levels of experience in musculoskeletal US examined the knees of nine patients with OA. US examinations were conducted with independent blinded evaluations of inflammatory (joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, power Doppler signal, Baker's cysts) and structural (osteophytes, cortical bone irregularities, femoral hyaline cartilage abnormalities, protrusion of the medial meniscus) lesions. All abnormalities were scored by applying a dichotomous scale (0-1). In addition, at each knee joint site global scores for joint inflammation, cortical bone abnormalities and cartilage damage were calculated by summing the single-lesion scores. Reliability was assessed using kappa (κ) coefficients. RESULTS Seventeen knees were examined. Inflammatory abnormalities were observed with moderate to very good agreement (κ = 0.55-0.88) between the observers. From fair to very good agreement (κ = 0.31-0.82) was registered between sonographers for structural damage lesions. The overall κ was 0.716 for junior and 0.571 for beginner sonographers comparing their findings with those of senior sonographers. CONCLUSION This represents the first ultrasonographic study focusing on the analysis of interobserver reliability between sonographers with different levels of experience in demonstrating inflammatory and structural abnormalities in knee OA. Globally, even considering some variable results that were mainly obtained by the evaluation of single components of bone involvement, US offered a reliable assessment of a wide set of abnormalities in knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Iagnocco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche: Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Roma.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Dougados M, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Ferlet JF, Jousse-Joulin S, D'Agostino MA, Backhaus M, Bentin J, Chalès G, Chary-Valckenaere I, Conaghan P, Wakefield RJ, Etchepare F, Etcheparre F, Gaudin P, Grassi W, Heijde DVD, Mariette X, Naredo E, Szkudlarek M. The ability of synovitis to predict structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study between clinical examination and ultrasound. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 72:665-71. [PMID: 22679298 PMCID: PMC3618684 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate synovitis (clinical vs ultrasound (US)) to predict structural progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients with RA. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, 2-year follow-up. DATA COLLECTED Synovitis (32 joints (2 wrists, 10 metacarpophalangeal, 10 proximal interphalangeal, 10 metatarsophalangeal)) at baseline and after 4 months of therapy by clinical, US grey scale (GS-US) and power doppler (PD-US); x-rays at baseline and at year 2. ANALYSIS Measures of association (OR) were tested between structural deterioration and the presence of baseline synovitis, or its persistence, after 4 months of therapy using generalised estimating equation analysis. RESULTS Structural deterioration was observed in 9% of the 1888 evaluated joints in 59 patients. Baseline synovitis increased the risk of structural progression: OR=2.01 (1.36-2.98) p<0.001 versus 1.61 (1.06-2.45) p=0.026 versus 1.75 (1.18-2.58) p=0.005 for the clinical versus US-GS versus US-PD evaluation, respectively. In the joints with normal baseline examination (clinical or US), an increased probability for structural progression in the presence of synovitis for the other modality was also observed (OR=2.16 (1.16-4.02) p=0.015 and 3.50 (1.77-6.95) p<0.001 for US-GS and US-PD and 2.79 (1.35-5.76) p=0.002) for clinical examination. Persistent (vs disappearance) synovitis after 4 months of therapy was also predictive of subsequent structural progression. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the validity of synovitis for predicting subsequent structural deterioration irrespective of the modality of examination of joints, but also suggests that both clinical and ultrasonographic examinations may be relevant to optimally evaluate the risk of subsequent structural deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dougados
- Hopital Cochin, Rheumatology, Clinique de Rhumatologie B, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Paris 75014, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tan YK, Conaghan PG. Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012; 25:569-84. [PMID: 22137925 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The optimal management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires tools that allow early and accurate disease diagnosis, prediction of poor prognosis and responsive monitoring of therapeutic outcomes. Conventional radiography has been widely used in both clinical and research settings to assess RA joint damage due to its feasibility, but it has limitations in early disease detection and difficulty distinguishing between active treatments in modern trials. Imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) have the advantage of detecting both joint inflammation and damage and hence they can provide additional and unique information. This can be especially useful in the context of early and/or undifferentiated joint disease when detection of soft tissue and bone marrow abnormalities is desirable. This review focusses on the recent literature concerning modern imaging, and provides clinicians with an insight into the role of imaging in modern RA diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- York Kiat Tan
- Division of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Mandl P, Balint PV, Brault Y, Backhaus M, D'Agostino MA, Grassi W, van der Heijde D, de Miguel E, Wakefield RJ, Logeart I, Dougados M. Metrologic properties of ultrasound versus clinical evaluation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a multicenter, randomized study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1002/art.33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
72
|
Alcalde M, D'Agostino MA, Bruyn GAW, Möller I, Iagnocco A, Wakefield RJ, Naredo E. A systematic literature review of US definitions, scoring systems and validity according to the OMERACT filter for tendon lesion in RA and other inflammatory joint diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1246-60. [PMID: 22378717 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the published data concerning the US assessment of tendon lesions as well as the US metric properties investigated in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. Selection criteria were original articles in the English language reporting US, Doppler, tenosynovitis and other tendon lesions in patients with RA and other inflammatory arthritis. Data extraction focused on the definition and quantification of US-detected tenosynovitis and other tendon abnormalities and the metric properties of US according to the OMERACT filter for evaluating the above tendon lesions. RESULTS Thirty-three of 192 identified articles were included in the review. Most articles were case series (42%) or case-control (33%) studies describing hand and/or foot tenosynovitis in RA patients. The majority of older articles used only B-mode, whereas the most recent studies have incorporated Doppler mode. Definition of tenosynovitis or other tendon lesion was provided in 70% of the evaluated studies. Most of the studies (61%) used a binary score for evaluating tendon abnormalities. Concerning the OMERACT filter, 24 (73%) articles dealt with construct validity. The comparator most commonly used was clinical assessment and MRI. There were few studies assessing criterion validity. Some studies evaluated reliability (36%), responsiveness (21%) and feasibility (12%). CONCLUSION US seems a promising tool for evaluating inflammatory tendon lesions. However, further validation is necessary for implementation in clinical practice and trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Alcalde
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Doctor Alvarez Sierra 4, 4° A, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Möller I, Bong DA. High-resolution ultrasound in monitoring patients with osteoarthritis. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
74
|
Damjanov N, Radunovic G, Prodanovic S, Vukovic V, Milic V, Simic Pasalic K, Jablanovic D, Seric S, Milutinovic S, Gavrilov N. Construct validity and reliability of ultrasound disease activity score in assessing joint inflammation in RA: comparison with DAS-28. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:120-8. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
75
|
JANOW GINGERL, PANGHAAL VIKASH, TRINH ANGELA, BADGER DAVID, LEVIN TERRYL, ILOWITE NORMANT. Detection of Active Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Sensitivity and Specificity of the Physical Examination vs Ultrasound. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:2671-4. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To determine sensitivity and specificity of the physical examination (PE) for identifying synovitis in the knee and ankle joints of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to identify cases in which ultrasound (US) screening augments the PE.Methods.Nineteen patients with JIA were referred for US. Both knees and ankles were examined using US with and without power Doppler. Active arthritis on PE was defined as (1) non-bony swelling or (2) limitation of motion with either pain on motion or tenderness to palpation. Active arthritis on US was defined as synovial hyperplasia, effusion, or increased vascularity on power Doppler scan.Results.There was agreement between US and PE in 75% of cases. PE was 64% sensitive and 86% specific for identifying active arthritis. PE was 100% specific if (1) the patient was positive for both PE criteria or (2) if arthritis was present on PE in the knees. When the PE was negative and the US was positive, 21.4% developed active disease on PE within 6 months. In cases where the PE was positive and US was negative, the joint involved was most often the ankle and frequently the subtalar joint.Conclusion.PE is neither highly sensitive nor specific for identifying active synovitis when compared to US, and screening with US can identify subclinical disease. In joints with both non-bony swelling and limitation of motion with pain on motion or tenderness, and in the knee joint, little additional information is gained by US. This has implications for classification and treatment of JIA.
Collapse
|
76
|
Algergawy S, Haliem T, Al-Shaer O. Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound assessment of the knee in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2011; 4:21-7. [PMID: 21573036 PMCID: PMC3091415 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this work was to study the ultrasonographic (USG) features of knee joints in relation to clinical and laboratory measures in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and also to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of local joint activity. Methods: This study included 20 with JRA and 20 matched and apparently healthy controls. All patients were subjected to full history taking, careful clinical examination and laboratory investigation. The knee joints of all patients and control were examined with plain radiography and ultrasonography on the same day of clinical examination using ultrasound to detect synovial thickness and effusion at the knee. Results: Mean USG knee synovial thickness was significantly greater in JRA patients versus controls (4.2 ± 2.4 mm versus 1.7 ± 0.3 mm, P < 0.001). Although knee effusion was not detected in any of the controls, it was demonstrated in 90% of JRA patients, with a mean effusion volume of 3.8 ± 3.1 mL. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between clinically active and inactive knees with regard to knee synovial thickness. Mean knee effusion volume was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the clinically active than in the clinically inactive knees. Patients with high disease activity had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher knee synovial thickness and knee effusion volume than patients with low and moderate disease activity. Significantly (P < 0.05) positive correlations were found between knee synovial thickness and articular index (AI) scores, disease activity score, clinical knee scores, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were found between knee effusion volume and AI scores, visual analog scores, disease activity scores, clinical knee scores, ESR, and CRP levels. Significant negative correlations (P < 0.05) were found between knee effusion volumes and hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: UGS-detected parameters represent a reliable index of JRA disease activity with a higher sensitivity for knee synovial thickness and higher specificity for knee effusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Algergawy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Radiodiagnosis, and Clinical Pathology Departments, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Abraham AM, Goff I, Pearce MS, Francis RM, Birrell F. Reliability and validity of ultrasound imaging of features of knee osteoarthritis in the community. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:70. [PMID: 21470410 PMCID: PMC3079707 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiographs are the main outcome measure in epidemiological studies of osteoarthritis (OA). Ultrasound imaging has unique advantages in that it involves no ionising radiation, is easy to use and visualises soft tissue structures. Our objective was to measure the inter-rater reliability and validity of ultrasound imaging in the detection of features of knee OA. Methods Eighteen participants from a community cohort, had both knees scanned by two trained musculoskeletal sonographers, up to six weeks apart. Inter-rater reliability for osteophytes, effusion size and cartilage thickness was calculated by estimating Kappa (κ) and Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), as appropriate. A measure of construct validity was determined by estimating κ between the two imaging modalities in the detection of osteophytes. Results Reliability: κ for osteophyte presence was 0.77(right femur), 0.65(left femur) and 0.88 for both tibia. ICCs for effusion size were 0.70(right) and 0.85(left). Moderate to substantial agreement was found in cartilage thickness measurements. Validity: For osteophytes, κ was moderate to excellent at 0.52(right) and 0.75(left). Conclusion Substantial to excellent agreement was found between ultrasound observers for the presence of osteophytes and measurement of effusion size; it was moderate to substantial for femoral cartilage thickness. Moderate to substantial agreement was observed between ultrasound and radiographs for osteophyte presence.
Collapse
|
78
|
Iagnocco A, Ceccarelli F, Perricone C, Valesini G. The Role of Ultrasound in Rheumatology. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2011; 32:66-73. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
79
|
Imaging of synovitis in osteoarthritis: current status and outlook. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41:116-30. [PMID: 21295331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review article provides an overview of the current state of imaging of synovitis in osteoarthritis (OA), looking at recent advances and controversies and focusing particularly on the application of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of the hand and knee joint. Computed tomography and nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography are also briefly discussed. METHODS PubMed and MEDLINE search for articles published up to 2010, using the keywords synovitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pathogenesis, imaging, radiography, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and pain. RESULTS Synovitis is defined as inflammation of the synovial membrane. Modern imaging techniques have demonstrated that synovial pathology is common in the early and late stages of OA and may be associated with pain. The current standard for OA imaging in clinical practice is conventional radiography but it does not allow direct visualization of synovitis. MRI without contrast administration, although widely used in clinical studies, cannot assess synovitis directly. Contrast-enhanced MRI and ultrasound, however, both allow direct visualization of synovitis including early inflammatory changes. They are regularly used to image synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis and increasingly in OA. CONCLUSIONS Synovitis is increasingly recognized as an important feature of the pathophysiology of OA, although there is conflicting evidence with respect to its association with disease severity and clinical parameters. Contrast-enhanced MRI and ultrasound are the most important methods for assessing synovitis associated with OA.
Collapse
|
80
|
Micu MC, Serra S, Fodor D, Crespo M, Naredo E. Inter-observer reliability of ultrasound detection of tendon abnormalities at the wrist and ankle in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1120-4. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
81
|
Wakefield RJ, O’Connor P. Musculoskeletal ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
82
|
Can simple ultrasonography predict the clinical effect of intra-articular injection therapy of the knee joint? Clin Rheumatol 2010; 30:749-55. [PMID: 21080021 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-010-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether ultrasonographic joint assessment can predict the clinical response to intra-articular injection therapy of the knee. Patients with persistent gonarthritis intra-articularly received in a randomized double-blinded crossover fashion radiation synovectomy or a glucocorticoid injection, both followed by clinical bed rest. Prior to treatment and 3 months afterwards, grey-scale ultrasonography (US) of the knee was performed, measuring synovial thickness and extent of effusion. The final clinical effect of these two treatments was assessed at 3 months and finally at 6 months using a composite index. Ninety-seven patients, mainly suffering from undifferentiated arthritis (40%) or rheumatoid arthritis (31%), received 165 injections (including crossovers). Clinical effect at 6 months was not related to the baseline ultrasonographic extent of effusion or synovial thickness, nor with ultrasonographic decrease of effusion after the first 3 months. Nevertheless, it was associated with ultrasonographic decrease of synovial thickness within the first 3 months. Simple baseline US measurements fail to predict the final clinical effect of intra-articular treatment of the knee at 6 months, in contrast to early US changes of synovial thickness 3 months after therapy.
Collapse
|
83
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess which scan view was sensitive in detecting knee effusion by ultrasonography while infusing normal saline in cadaveric specimens. DESIGN Intraarticular injection of normal saline with contrast dye was done in increments (5, 10, 15, and 20 ml) into the knee joint of eight fresh cadavers. After infusion of each amount, sonographic images were obtained with five different scans: medial, midline, and lateral on longitudinal scans, and medial and lateral on transverse scans. When 20 ml had been injected, the knee was flexed at 30 degrees and serial images were taken. RESULTS After infusion of 10 ml, effusion of more than 2 mm depth with ultrasonography was most frequently seen in lateral transverse scans (14/14), and the next most frequent view was a lateral longitudinal scan (11/14). After knee flexion, the amount of effusion was increased on medial and middle longitudinal scans and was decreased on transverse scans. CONCLUSIONS For detecting knee effusion by ultrasonography, lateral transverse and longitudinal scans were the most sensitive in the knee extension posture. With knee flexion at 30 degrees, effusion was more readily detected on the medial and midline longitudinal scans than with knee extension.
Collapse
|
84
|
Bruyn GAW, Pineda C, Hernandez-Diaz C, Ventura-Rios L, Moya C, Garrido J, Groen H, Pena A, Espinosa R, Möller I, Filippucci E, Iagnocco A, Balint PV, Kane D, D'Agostino MA, Angulo M, Ponte R, Fernandez-Gallardo JM, Naredo E. Validity of ultrasonography and measures of adult shoulder function and reliability of ultrasonography in detecting shoulder synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using magnetic resonance imaging as a gold standard. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:1079-86. [PMID: 20235183 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) in detecting inflammatory shoulder changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to determine the agreement between US and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a gold standard. METHODS Eleven rheumatologists investigated 10 patients in 2 rounds independently and blindly of each other by US. US results were compared with shoulder function tests and MRI. RESULTS The positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) for axillary recess synovitis (ARS) were 0.88 and 0.43, respectively, for posterior recess synovitis (PRS) were 0.36 and 0.97, respectively, for subacromial/subdeltoid bursitis (SASB) were 0.85 and 0.28, respectively, and the NPV for biceps tenosynovitis (BT) was 1.00. The intraobserver kappa was 0.62 for ARS, 0.59 for PRS, 0.51 for BT, and 0.70 for SASB. The intraobserver kappa for power Doppler US (PDUS) signal was 0.91 for PRS, 0.77 for ARS, 0.94 for SASB, and 0.53 for BT. The interobserver maximum kappa was 0.46 for BT, 0.95 for ARS, 0.52 for PRS, and 0.61 for SASB. The interobserver reliability of PDUS was 1.0 for PRS, 0.1 for ARS, 0.5 for BT, and 1.0 for SASB. P values for the SPADI and DASH versus cuff tear on US were 0.02 and 0.01, respectively; all other relationships were not significant. CONCLUSION Overall agreements between gray-scale US and MRI regarding synovitis of the shoulder varied considerably, but excellent results were seen for PDUS. Measures of shoulder function have a poor relationship with US and MRI. Improved standardization of US scanning technique could further reliability of shoulder US.
Collapse
|
85
|
Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) recommendations and guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound training in the Americas for rheumatologists. J Clin Rheumatol 2010; 16:113-8. [PMID: 20375820 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e3181d60053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSKUS) training for rheumatologists in the Americas. METHODS A total of 25 Rheumatologists from 19 countries of the American Continent participated in a consensus-based interactive process (Delphi method) using 2 consecutive electronic questionnaires. The first questionnaire included the following: the relevance of organizing courses to teach MSKUS to Rheumatologists, the determination of the most effective educational course models, the trainee levels, the educational objectives, the requirements for passing the course(s), the course venues, the number of course participants per instructor, and the percentage of time spent in hands-on sessions. The second questionnaire consisted of questions that did not achieve consensus (>65%) in the first questionnaire, topics, and pathologies to be covered at each course MSKUS level. RESULTS General consensus was obtained for MSKUS courses to be divided into 3 educational levels: basic, intermediate, and advanced. These courses should be taught using a theoretical-didactic and hands-on model. In addition, the group established the minimum requirements for attending and passing each MSKUS course level, the ideal number of course participants per instructor (4 participants/instructor), and the specific topics and musculoskeletal pathologies to be covered. In the same manner, the group concluded that 60% to 70% of course time should be focused on hands-on sessions. CONCLUSION A multinational group of MSKUS sonographers using a consensus-based questionnaire (Delphi method) established the first recommendations and guidelines for MSKUS course training in the Americas. Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology urges that these guidelines and recommendations be adopted in the future by both national and regional institutions in the American continent involved in the training of Rheumatologists for the performance of MSKUS.
Collapse
|
86
|
Cheung PP, Dougados M, Gossec L. Reliability of ultrasonography to detect synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review of 35 studies (1,415 patients). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:323-34. [PMID: 20391478 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review on the reliability of ultrasonographic (US) synovitis detection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by B-mode and power Doppler (PD) in image acquisition and still-image interpretation. US is a sensitive method for synovitis detection. However, reliability is still a key concern. METHODS Articles reporting any US reliability results for synovitis in RA in PubMed, EMBase, the Cochrane Library, and meeting abstracts were selected. Data were extracted from the collection of data on US synovitis detection (either qualitatively [binary] or semiquantitatively [0-3 scale], for intraobserver and interobserver reliability in B-mode and PD, and for image acquisition and still-image interpretation). The type of joints tested, the experience of the ultrasonographer, and the quality of the studies were assessed. Data analysis involved descriptive and graphic interpretation of reliability and its potential determinants. RESULTS Thirty-five studies (12 for B-mode, 11 for PD, or 12 for both) with a total of 1,415 patients were analyzed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for still images in B-mode and PD was high (kappa = 0.5-1.0 [14,991 joints] for intraobserver reliability for B-mode, kappa = 0.59-1.0 [14,934 joints] for PD, kappa = 0.49-1.0 [3,138 joints] for interobserver for B-mode, and kappa = 0.66-1.0 [3,325 joints] for PD). Interobserver reliability for image acquisition in both US modes was lower than still-image interpretation (kappa = 0.22-0.95). Few studies reported intraobserver image acquisition reliability. CONCLUSION Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of still-image interpretation was high, especially for PD, in published studies involving highly trained observers. However, reliability of acquisition of US should be further assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Cheung
- Paris Descartes University, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ultrasound in American Rheumatology Practice: Report of the American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:1206-19. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
88
|
Eder L, Chandran V, Ueng J, Bhella S, Lee KA, Rahman P, Pope A, Cook RJ, Gladman DD. Predictors of response to intra-articular steroid injection in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1367-73. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
89
|
JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE, d’AGOSTINO MARIAANTONIETTA, MARHADOUR THIERRY, ALBERT JEANDAVID, BENTIN JACQUES, CHARY VALCKENAERE ISABELLE, ETCHEPARE FABIEN, GAUDIN PHILIPPE, HUDRY CHRISTOPHE, CHALÈS GÉRARD, GRANGE LAURENT, HACQUARD CÉCILE, LOEUILLE DAMIEN, SELLAM JÉRÉMIE, DOUGADOS MAXIME, SARAUX ALAIN. Reproducibility of Joint Swelling Assessment by Sonography in Patients with Long-lasting Rheumatoid Arthritis (SEA-Repro Study Part II). J Rheumatol 2010; 37:938-45. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of B-mode and power Doppler (PD) sonography in patients with active long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comparatively with clinical data.Methods.In each of 7 patients being considered for a change in their RA treatment regimen, 7 healthcare professionals examined the 28 joints used in the Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28). Then 7 sonographers examined each of the 7 patients twice, using previously published B-mode and PD grading systems. The clinical reference standard was presence of synovitis according to at least 4/7 examiners. The sonographic reference standard was at least grade 1 (ALG1) or 2 (ALG2) synovitis according to at least 4/7 sonographers. Interobserver reproducibility of sonography was assessed versus the sonographer having the best intraobserver reproducibility. Agreement was measured by Cohen’s kappa statistic.Results.Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of B-mode and PD used separately was fair to good. Agreement between clinicians and sonographers at all sites using B-mode, PD, and both was 0.46, 0.37, and 0.36, respectively, for grade 1 synovitis; and 0.58, 0.19, and 0.19 for grade 2 synovitis. The number of joints with synovitis was smaller by physical examination (36.7%) than by B-mode with ALG1 (58.6%; p < 0.001). The number of joints with synovitis was higher by physical examination than by PD with both ALG1 (17.8%; p < 0.0001) and ALG2 (6.6%; p < 0.0001).Conclusion.PD findings explain most of the difference between clinical and sonographic joint assessments for synovitis in patients with long-standing RA.
Collapse
|
90
|
Sokka T, Pincus T. Joint counts to assess rheumatoid arthritis for clinical research and usual clinical care: advantages and limitations. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010; 35:713-22, v-vi. [PMID: 19962615 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A joint examination is prerequisite to a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and quantitative counts of swollen and tender joints are the most specific of the 7 RA Core Data Set measures for patient assessment. Therefore, joint counts are weighted of greater importance than the other 5 Core Data Set measures in American College of Rheumatology response criteria and all RA indices in which it is included. Nonetheless, several limitations to the joint count have been recognized: (1) poor reproducibility with a requirement to be performed by the same observer at each visit; (2) likelihood to improve with placebo treatment as much or more than the other 5 RA Core Data Set measures; (3) similar or lower relative efficiencies than global and patient measures to document differences between active and control treatments in clinical trials; (4) improvement over 5 years while joint damage and functional disability may progress; (5) lower sensitivity in detecting inflammatory activity than ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Most visits to a rheumatologist do not include a formal quantitative joint count. Quantitative patient self-report data are as sensitive to change and as informative about prognosis and outcomes as joint counts. It may be suggested that a careful qualitative (nonquantitative) joint examination, supplemented by quantitative self-report questionnaire scores to interpret physical examination findings, may be adequate to monitor patients and document changes in status in busy clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuulikki Sokka
- Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, and Medcare Oy, Aänekoski, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Balsa A, de Miguel E, Castillo C, Peiteado D, Martín-Mola E. Superiority of SDAI over DAS-28 in assessment of remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients using power Doppler ultrasonography as a gold standard. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:683-90. [PMID: 20047979 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of composite scores in classifying RA patients who are in remission using the absence of inflammatory activity detected by ultrasound (US) as a gold standard. METHODS Ninety-seven RA patients who were classified by their rheumatologists as being in remission were studied. Disease activity was assessed by the DAS-28 and simplified disease activity index (SDAI). US examination was performed in mode B and power Doppler (PD) in 42 joints. RESULTS Synovial hypertrophy (SH) and PD were present in 92 (94.8%) and 41 (42.3%) patients. If we consider 'remission' to be the absence of joints with PD signal, no differences were found by DAS-28 between patients in remission and those not in remission, although differences were present by SDAI. We then calculated the sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and positive likelihood ratio (LR) of different SDAI cut-off points to predict absence of PD signal. SDAI < 5 had an S of 65% (95% CI 52, 76), Sp of 55% (95% CI 39, 69) and LR of 1.45 (95% CI 0.98, 2.15), whereas SDAI < 3.3 had an S of 57% (95% CI 44, 69), Sp of 74% (95% CI 58, 85) and LR of 2.24 (95% CI 1.25, 4.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the SDAI classification of remission is closer to the concept of an absence of inflammatory activity, as defined by the absence of positive PD signal by US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Balsa
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Haslam KE, McCann LJ, Wyatt S, Wakefield RJ. The detection of subclinical synovitis by ultrasound in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 49:123-7. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
93
|
Using ultrasonography to facilitate best practice in diagnosis and management of RA. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009; 5:698-706. [PMID: 19901917 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The key to successful management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is early objective quantification of inflammation and ongoing precise, tailored therapy to ensure long term suppression of inflammatory disease activity. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSKUS) has emerged as a tool with the potential to enhance disease assessment and management in this area. This includes applications in patients with undifferentiated arthropathy attending an early inflammatory arthritis clinic, in which the diagnosis of inflammatory disease may be confirmed or refuted at an early stage, and those with treated RA where accurate measurement of outcomes, such as response to therapy, structural damage and disease remission, are extremely important. This imaging modality is safe and portable, making it ideal for outpatient and inpatient settings, and can be used to assess many joints in multiple planes and to demonstrate changes in disease activity and structural damage over time. MSKUS is gaining popularity among rheumatologists, as increasing evidence supports the added value of a physician-performed ultrasonography assessment above traditional clinical, laboratory and radiographic measures, enabling greater confidence in diagnostic and management decisions. Although additional longitudinal data are required and further applications are likely to arise, MSKUS may well possess the necessary attributes to facilitate best practice in inflammatory arthritis management.
Collapse
|
94
|
Ultrasonography of hands in rheumatoid arthritis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
95
|
|
96
|
|
97
|
Saleem B, Brown AK, Keen H, Nizam S, Freeston J, Karim Z, Quinn M, Wakefield R, Hensor E, Conaghan PG, Emery P. Disease remission state in patients treated with the combination of tumor necrosis factor blockade and methotrexate or with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A clinical and imaging comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1915-22. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
98
|
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing numbers of rheumatologists have incorporated musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a valuable diagnostic tool into their clinical practice. Some countries have established training programmes for MSUS. The European League Against Rheumatism has developed education guidelines for the content and conducting of MSUS courses and it would be useful to standardize rheumatology MSUS training worldwide. A thorough knowledge of sectional anatomy, ultrasound physics and technology, joint US scanning methods, the sonographic pattern of normal and pathological musculoskeletal tissues, artefacts, diagnostic criteria and Doppler technique are necessary to perform efficient MSUS. MSUS training includes attending theoretical and practical courses, as well as studying textbooks, DVDs or websites. Having access to US equipment and performing supervised normal and pathological MSUS examinations for a training period is mandatory for consolidating MSUS learning. A proposal to accredit and certificate competence in MSUS is now being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Naredo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Paczesny Ł, Kruczyński J. Medial Plica Syndrome of the Knee: Diagnosis with Dynamic Sonography. Radiology 2009; 251:439-46. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2512081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
100
|
KAISER MARIEJOËLLE, HAUZEUR JEANPHILIPPE, BLACHER SILVIA, FOIDART JEANMICHEL, DEPREZ MANUEL, ROSSKNECHT ALEXANDRA, MALAISE MICHELG. Contrast-enhanced Coded Phase-inversion Harmonic Sonography of Knee Synovitis Correlates with Histological Vessel Density: 2 Automated Digital Quantifications. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1391-400. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To use contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic B-mode sonography to assess the acoustic enhancement of the synovial area of the knee; and to compare the data with the histological vessel density.Methods.Eleven patients eligible for a knee arthroscopy were studied. Acoustic quantification was carried out by a digital image analysis program that detects the time-dependent increase [intensity (time) = k × time + C] of gray-level intensity in all the pixels of a specific region of interest (ROI) following intravenous injection of the microbubble contrast agent sulfur hexafluoride. Echo-guided synovial biopsies were carried out in the same ROI. Synovial vessel areas were quantified after Factor VIII immunostaining of synovial biopsies using an automated digital image analysis.Results.Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between histological vessel density and percentage of the synovial area with a k value > 0.01 (r = 0.93) and kmaxvalues (r = 0.79), as well as between the 2 latter parameters (r = 0.72). The histological vessel density and the 2 acoustic parameters were also significantly correlated with the logarithm of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.77, r = 0.87, r = 0.67, respectively) and with log C-reactive protein serum concentration (r = 0.69, r = 0.83, r = 0.62, respectively).Conclusion.Contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic B-mode sonography coupled with an appropriate data analysis method is a new tool to identify and quantify vessel density in knee synovitis.
Collapse
|