51
|
Abstract
Liver tumors in children are rare, potentially complex, and encompass a broad spectrum of disease processes. Any age group may be affected, including the fetus. Most present with abdominal distension and/or a mass. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is usually possible using a combination of ultrasound scanning and cross-sectional imaging techniques (CT and/or MR), supplemented by liver biopsy and measurement of tumor markers. The most common benign tumors are hemangiomas, but mesenchymal hamartoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and adenoma also are found. In Western countries, hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor; disease-free survival is now possible in more than 80% of affected patients because of advances in combination chemotherapy, improved techniques of surgical resection, and the selective use of liver transplantation. In contrast, there has been less progress in the management of hepatocellular cancer, which still poses many therapeutic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Stringer
- Children's Liver Centre, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
|
53
|
Ortega JA, Douglass EC, Feusner JH, Reynolds M, Quinn JJ, Finegold MJ, Haas JE, King DR, Liu-Mares W, Sensel MG, Krailo MD. Randomized comparison of cisplatin/vincristine/fluorouracil and cisplatin/continuous infusion doxorubicin for treatment of pediatric hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:2665-75. [PMID: 10894865 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.14.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies demonstrated that chemotherapy with either cisplatin, vincristine, and fluorouracil (regimen A) or cisplatin and continuous infusion doxorubicin (regimen B) improved survival in children with hepatoblastoma. The current trial is a randomized comparison of these two regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (N = 182) were enrolled onto study between August 1989 and December 1992. After initial surgery, patients with stage I-unfavorable histology (UH; n = 43), stage II (n = 7), stage III (n = 83), and stage IV (n = 40) hepatoblastoma were randomized to receive regimen A (n = 92) or regimen B (n = 81). Patients with stage I-favorable histology (FH; n = 9) were treated with four cycles of doxorubicin alone. RESULTS There were no events among patients with stage I-FH disease. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) estimates were 57% (SD = 5%) and 69% (SD = 5%) for patients on regimens A and B, respectively (P =.09) with a relative risk of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 2.5) for regimen A versus B. Toxicities were more frequent on regimen B. Patients with stage I-UH, stage II, stage III, or stage IV disease had 5-year EFS estimates of 91% (SD = 4%), 100%, 64% (SD = 5%), and 25% (SD = 7%), respectively. Outcome was similar for either regimen within disease stages. At postinduction surgery I, patients with stage III or IV disease who were found to be tumor-free had no events; those who had complete resections achieved a 5-year EFS of 83% (SD = 6%); other patients with stage III or IV disease had worse outcome. CONCLUSION Treatment outcome was not significantly different between regimen A and regimen B. Excellent outcome was achieved for patients with stage I-UH and stage II hepatoblastoma and for subsets of patients with stage III disease. New treatment strategies are needed for the majority of patients with advanced-stage hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Ortega
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA. JORTEGA@
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors represent a distinct set of malignancies of embryonal origin whose incidence peaks in the first years of life. Specific genetic anomalies with pathogenic significance, which have helped to define the diagnosis better and to improve the prognosis of children with these tumors, recently have been discovered. Survival of children with solid tumors also has improved significantly because of effective multidisciplinary care, which, in this case, always involves chemotherapy and surgery. These favorable results require that children with these diseases are referred and treated at institutions that have multidisciplinary teams and the infrastructure and expertise for caring for these children. Diagnostic and therapeutic principles for the most common childhood solid tumors are discussed in this article, with an emphasis on surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Herrera
- Department of Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Gerber DA, Arcement C, Carr B, Towbin R, Mazariegos G, Reyes J. Use of intrahepatic chemotherapy to treat advanced pediatric hepatic malignancies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000; 30:137-44. [PMID: 10697131 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200002000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy (IAC) on children with primary hepatic malignancies. METHOD A nonrandomized inception cohort of 11 pediatric patients was referred for treatment of advanced primary hepatic malignancies at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. None of the patients was a candidate for resection before the initiation of IAC. Tumor response to treatment was observed by determining serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and by abdominal computed tomographic scan. The patients received hepatic artery infusions of cisplatin and/or doxorubicin. The last five also received gelfoam embolization. RESULTS Eight of 11 patients had multiple IAC treatments. Eight patients had AFP-producing tumors, and five of the eight had dramatic reductions in serum levels after IAC treatment. Five of the 11 patients underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation after receiving IAC therapy, and the five explanted specimens showed varying degrees of tumor necrosis. One-year survival in patients in the authors' center is 67% for those with hepatoblastoma and 40% for those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Three-year survival is 60% and 30% for patients with hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSION Intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy therapy can halt the progression and possibly down-stage advanced pediatric hepatic malignancies. This therapy can also be used as a successful adjunct in altering a patient's chance for successful liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Affiliation(s)
- N A Dower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R7
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Glick RD, Nadler EP, Blumgart LH, La Quaglia MP. Extended left hepatectomy (left hepatic trisegmentectomy) in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35:303-7; discussion 308. [PMID: 10693685 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(00)90029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Extended left hepatectomy, also referred to as left hepatic trisegmentectomy, in which segments II, III, IV, V, and VIII are excised, is rarely performed in children. Experience with 7 such resections is reported to describe the anatomy, technique, indications, and outcomes of the operation. METHODS The medical records of all pediatric patients treated at our institution over the last 15 years who underwent extended left hepatectomy were reviewed. Demographic information as well as operative, pathological, and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS Seven patients underwent extended left hepatectomy over this period. There were 5 boys and 2 girls ranging in age between 4 months and 9 years with a median age of 3.1 years. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 5 years with a median of 3.5 years. Diagnoses included hepatoblastoma (HB, n = 3), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH, n = 1), leiomyosarcoma (LMS, n = 1), hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC, n = 1), and metastatic neuroblastoma (NB, n = 1). All surgical margins were grossly negative. Median operative blood loss was 13 mL/kg (range, 5 to 32 mL/kg), and mean hospital stay was 9 days (range, 7 to 12 days). No major intra- or postoperative complications were encountered, and there was no perioperative mortality. The 3 HB patients, 1 FNH patient, 1 LMS patient, and 1 NB patient are without evidence of disease, whereas the 1 child with HCC died of recurrent and distant disease. The 6 surviving children have normal hepatic function. CONCLUSION Although technically challenging and rarely performed, extended resection of the left hepatic lobe is feasible in children and can yield curative results with minimal morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Glick
- Department of Surgery (Pediatric and Hepatobiliary Surgery), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Dower NA, Smith LJ, Lees G, Kneteman N, Idikio H, Emond J, Rosenthal P. Experience with aggressive therapy in three children with unresectable malignant liver tumors. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2000; 34:132-5. [PMID: 10657875 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(200002)34:2<132::aid-mpo11>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with malignant liver tumors often present with unresectable disease but need not be considered incurable. The advent of effective chemotherapy makes aggressive management feasible, as our experience with three such patients demonstrates. Procedure and Results One child with an unresectable undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver and two others with unresectable primary hepatoblastoma and lung metastases were treated with initial chemotherapy, followed by aggressive surgical management. Treatment with chemotherapy followed by hepatectomy and liver transplantation (cadaveric or live donor) in two children has resulted in disease-free survivals of 79 and 38 months. The third patient is alive and well 24 months following chemotherapy and aggressive resection of the primary and 12 metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Initial chemotherapy for unresectable liver tumors with or without metastases is supported by the review of the literature. Consideration of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) from cadaveric or living related donor is warranted when the malignancy is demonstrably chemosensitive, independent of initial staging. Aggressive resection of primary and metastatic disease may be called for in selected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Dower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Fuchs J, Gratz KF, Habild G, Gielow P, von Schweinitz D, Baum RP. Immunoscintigraphy of xenotransplanted hepatoblastoma with iodine 131-labeled anti-alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1378-84. [PMID: 10507433 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor affecting infants and young children. The alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated in 95% of all children with hepatoblastoma. Therefore, it is of interest to assess targeting of the HB marker alpha-fetoprotein by antibody imaging. In this pilot study, the authors investigated the radioimmunoscintigraphy of xenotransplanted HB in nude mice utilizing an anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody. METHODS HB cell suspensions from tumors of 3 children were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice NMRI (nu/nu). A total of 200 microg of intact anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody was injected intravenously into 8 animals from each HB. Before injection, the monoclonal antibody was labeled with iodine (I) 131 (specific activity of 75 MBq/mg, labeling yield of 95%) using the conventional iodogen method. Planar scintigraphic images of anesthetized mice in posterior views were acquired with a gamma camera immediately after injection, and after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days. The biodistribution data were obtained by killing and dissecting animals, and the activity in the tissues was measured in a gamma counter. The alpha-fetoprotein levels in the animals' sera were recorded 15 days after imaging and were compared with the control group. RESULTS A total of 66% of the hepatoblastomas could be detected by scintigraphy. Within 24 hours, the mean specific tumor uptake in nude mice hepatoblastomas with a volume of over 1,000 mm3, was 14% per injected dose (+/-3.9%). The biological half-life of the labeled antibody complex in the tumor was 3.86 (+/-0.84) days. Thyroid uptake of free I-131 was 2.85% per injected dose (+/-1.5%) reflecting the deiodination of the labeled antibody complex. CONCLUSIONS The results show the possibility of imaging xenotransplanted hepatoblastoma with 131I-labeled anti-alpha-fetoprotein and may, in the future, determine tumor recurrence and extension, and thereby improve the prognosis of advanced HBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Al-Qabandi W, Jenkinson HC, Buckels JA, Mayer AD, McKiernan P, Morland B, John P, Kelly D. Orthotopic liver transplantation for unresectable hepatoblastoma: a single center's experience. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1261-4. [PMID: 10466608 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Complete surgical resection after chemotherapy is the definitive treatment for hepatoblastoma. However, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is now accepted as a treatment modality for patients with unresectable tumours. The aim of this study was to review a single center's experience of OLT for unresectable hepatoblastoma. METHODS A retrospective review of 8 patients with unresectable hepatoblastoma who were referred for liver transplantation was conducted. RESULTS The patients assessed had an age range of 5 to 105 months at presentation; median, 24 months, (5 boys; 3 girls). Two patients have familial adenomatous polyposis, and one has right hemihypertrophy. All 8 patients had received standard chemotherapy according to SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) protocols. Extrahepatic metastases were found in 3 patients at diagnosis, but none had detectable metastases at the time of OLT. Four patients continued chemotherapy while awaiting OLT. Three patients received whole grafts, and 5 received reduced grafts. The median follow-up period was 22 months (range, 2 to 78 months). Five patients are alive and well, although 1 patient had a second OLT for biliary cirrhosis secondary to biliary stricture at 6 years. Three patients died: one 26 days post OLT of sepsis and two of disease recurrence at 22 months and 70 months posttransplant. The actuarial survival rate is 88% and 65% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, whereas the overall survival rate is 62.5%. CONCLUSION OLT for unresectable hepatoblastoma without extra hepatic metastases is highly successful with a low recurrence rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Al-Qabandi
- Department of Oncology, The Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
Primary hepatic tumours in children represent an heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Malignant tumours are more common (60% of primary liver tumours), but account for only 1.2-5% of all paediatric neoplasms. There are two main types of malignant tumour, those of epithelial origin, hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the rarer mesenchymal tumours, e.g. rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma, (Weinberg AG, Finegold, MJ. Primary hepatic tumours of childhood. Hum Pathol 1983, 14, 512-532). Vascular tumours e.g. haemangioendotheliomas are the most common of the benign tumours followed by mesenchymal hamartoma and the rare hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. This article will concentrate on the malignant epithelial tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Perilongo
- Division of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Laine J, Jalanko H, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Höckerstedt K, Leijala M, Holmberg C, Heikinheimo M. Successful liver transplantation after induction chemotherapy in children with inoperable, multifocal primary hepatic malignancy. Transplantation 1999; 67:1369-72. [PMID: 10360593 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199905270-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for primary epithelial liver tumor in children in whom radical surgery cannot be performed after chemotherapy is poor. Orthotopic liver transplantation has resulted in mortality up to 50%, largely as a result of problems in determining the criteria for transplantation. METHODS We report results on liver transplantation for primary epithelial liver malignancy in five children (mean age at transplantation: 6.0 years). Only patients with inoperable residual tumor in the liver after four cycles of multidrug chemotherapy, but without extrahepatic infiltration or metastases, were considered eligible for transplantation. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 4.6 years. Patient and graft survival was 100%, with no signs of residual or de novo malignancy. CONCLUSION In children with inoperable primary liver malignancy with no extrahepatic tumor growth, orthotopic liver transplantation has an excellent outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Laine
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Meszoely IM, Chapman WC, Holzman MD, Leach SD. New trends in gastrointestinal surgical oncology. Cancer Treat Res 1999; 98:239-91. [PMID: 10326672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4977-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I M Meszoely
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nashville, TN 37232-2736, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Abstract
An infant or child who presents with a large intrahepatic mass will most likely have a malignant tumor. In children, benign tumors constitute only 30% of liver tumors and most are vascular in origin. Treatment of benign vascular tumors is conservative and seldom surgical. Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant tumor followed by hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment of malignant tumors is based on a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Children with hepatic malignancies that can be resected have an excellent prognosis. Other rare benign and malignant tumors of the liver do occur and surgery plays a critical role in management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Reynolds
- Northwestern University Medical School and Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Fuchs J, Habild G, Leuschner I, Schweinitz DV, Haindl J, Knop E. Paclitaxel: an effective antineoplastic agent in the treatment of xenotransplanted hepatoblastoma. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1999; 32:209-15. [PMID: 10064189 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199903)32:3<209::aid-mpo8>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma is an uncommon liver tumor of infancy and early childhood. Though most patients with nonmetastatic hepatoblastomas can be cured by defining surgical strategies and chemotherapy regimes, new drugs are needed for children with advanced hepatoblastomas. The activity of paclitaxel as a new antineoplastic agent with limited experience in pediatric oncology was studied in a xenograft model. PROCEDURE Hepatoblastoma cell suspensions from three children were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice NMRI (nu/nu). One of the primary tumors was an embryonal multifocal hepatoblastoma, whereas the other tumors were embryonal/fetal hepatoblastomas localized on a liver lobe. After 4 weeks, xenografted tumor sizes reached 50-100 mm3. The xenografted tumors resembled their originals histologically and produced high levels of alpha-fetoprotein. The efficiency of paclitaxel at equitoxic doses was analyzed. RESULTS Paclitaxel produced an effect in all three hepatoblastomas. There was a significant reduction of tumor volume (P < 0.001) and alpha-fetoprotein levels after chemotherapy (P < 0.0001). The proliferation activity of the tumor cells corresponded with these results. Histologically, after treatment with paclitaxel the tumor regression was 35%-49%. The mechanism of paclitaxel action could be demonstrated by light microscopy immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results in phase I trials of solid tumors in children and the results of this study suggest that paclitaxel in phase II studies can now be entertained for patients with hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Studies of survival and distribution of liver cancer in children are scarce. In this study, using data from the cancer registry of Taiwan, from 1979 to 1992, we identified 377 young patients (0-15 years of age) suffering from liver cancer, coded 155 according to the International Classification of Diseases. Among these patients, 122 were histopathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 43 hepatoblastoma (HB). For survival analysis, we also searched for cases of liver cancer in 0-16 year old children in the Taiwan cancer registry for the period between 1988 and 1992. We found 109 cases with identification numbers and birth dates which allowed our cases to be linked with the death registry of the National Health Department of Taiwan enabling the calculation of 5-year survival rates using actuarial life tables. Between 1979 and 1992, for 122 HCC cases, there was a peak incidence at the age of 1 year, then a decline to a trough at the age of 4 years, after which the number of cases increased to the age of 15 years. After the age of 4 years boys outnumbered the girls by 2:1. 36 (84%) of 43 HB cases were under the age of 5 years and boys tended to outnumber girls by 2.9:1. Between 1988 and 1992, of the 109 patients, 49 were diagnosed histopathologically and 60 patients clinically. Their overall 5-year survival rate was 19%. The 5-year survival rate of the 28 HCC patients was 17%, whereas that of the 17 HB patients was 47%. In conclusion, our epidemiological findings indicate that the HCC distribution among children is different according to age and to some extent sex. The overall 5-year survival rate of children suffering from liver cancer was still unfavourable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chan KL, Tam PK. Successful right trisegmentectomy for ruptured hepatoblastoma with preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization. J Pediatr Surg 1998; 33:783-6. [PMID: 9607502 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(98)90221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of the successful use of percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in controlling hemorrhage from ruptured hepatoblastoma, allowing early major hepatic resection to be performed safely in a young infant. A 6-month-old girl presented with a huge abdominal mass and was found to have a hepatoblastoma that measured 15 x 10 x 12 cm and arose from the right lobe of her liver on computed tomography (CT) scan examination. The tumor spontaneously ruptured, and she went into shock. TAE with gelfoam cube particles successfully arrested the tumor bleeding and allowed stabilization of her blood pressure with blood transfusion. Right trisegmentectomy was performed 12 hours later. The postoperative course was uneventful. With three courses of cisplatin, vincristine, and 5-fluorouracil after the hepatectomy, the serum alpha-fetoprotein level returned to normal, and the patient has remained well 4 months postoperation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Yoshinari M, Imaizumi M, Hayashi Y, Sato A, Saito T, Suzuki H, Saisho T, Abukawa D, Ogawa E, Aikawa J, Goto K, Satoh T, Ohi R, Iinuma K. Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for hepatoblastoma with microscopical residue: a therapeutic approach for incompletely resected tumor. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1998; 184:247-54. [PMID: 9591340 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.184.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a nine-month-old boy with stage III B hepatoblastoma of caudate lobe origin. Surgical resection was attempted following six courses of chemotherapy, but viable tumor cells remained microscopically at resection margins. Subsequently, he received peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), whose preparative regimen being consisted of carboplatin, etoposide, tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin, and melphalan. Since then, the patient shows no relevance of local relapse or distant metastasis without any chemotherapy. PBSCT for patients with post-operative residue may improve the outcome of advanced hepatoblastoma and worth of a further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshinari
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Abstract
The past 25 years have seen a dramatic improvement in results of treatment of children with HBL; formerly, < 25% were cured, and today, 65 to 75% may be cured. New, active agents are still needed, and the late effects of therapy, especially on the heart and kidneys, remain a concern. Nevertheless, it is clear that treatment of HBL is indeed "a bit of a success story" (42).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Abstract
Rather discouraging in the past, treatment of malignant tumors in children allows today a 75% cure rate for hepatoblastoma. Complete surgical resection remains the ongoing basis of the treatment, but the main advances are due to more efficient chemotherapy protocols using cisplatin, to an improvement in imaging procedures, to modern techniques of anesthaesia, to aggressive surgery and treatment of metastases, and finally to liver transplantation when the extension of the tumor precludes total resection in the absence of metastasis. The management of children with malignant tumors should be performed in selected centres participating in collaborative protocols, therefore providing the best oncological and surgical standards and the possibility of liver transplantation if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Tovar
- Departamento de Cirugía Pediatrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Espagne
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
|
72
|
IMAGING OF GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCY IN CHILDHOOD. Radiol Clin North Am 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
73
|
Levitt G, Bunch K, Rogers CA, Whitehead B. Cardiac transplantation in childhood cancer survivors in Great Britain. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:826-30. [PMID: 9081361 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify patients treated in Great Britain for childhood cancer and subsequently referred for cardiopulmonary transplantation in order to assess diagnosis, cancer treatment, management and outcome. Computerised record linkage between the National Registry of Childhood Tumours and the national transplant database held and maintained by the United Kingdom Transplant Support Service Authority (UKTSSA) was used to identify patients. Verification and clinical details were then obtained from the oncology and transplant centres. 16 patients were identified from the 31992 cases of childhood malignancy diagnosed in Britain since 1970. These comprised 13 heart transplants, 2 heart/lung transplants and 1 patient who died while on the heart transplantation waiting list. All 14 potential heart transplant patients had cardiomyopathy presumed secondary to anthracycline therapy. The original diagnoses were acute myeloblastic leukaemia (3), Wilms' tumour (4), rhabdomyosarcoma (2) and one each of five different solid tumours. Median age at diagnosis was 44 months (range 4-165 months). Median anthracycline dose was 413 mg/m2 (range 240-680 mg/m2). 13 of the 14 potential cardiac transplantation patients were more than 2 years from end of their cancer treatment before requiring transplantation and the transplantation was performed 2-126 months after onset of cardiac failure at a median age of 163 months. Five year actuarial survival from transplantation was 74%. There was no recurrence of the original malignancy in any of these patients. Both heart/lung patients died, 3 and 11 months after the transplant. These heart transplantation data suggest that, in Britain, survival compares favourably with that of patients whose heart transplant was required for other causes of cardiomyopathy. This indicates that patients successfully treated for childhood cancer should not be excluded from transplant programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Levitt
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|