Multicentre study of the learning curve and surgical performance of cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei

Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

The peritoneum is the second most common site of metastasis after the liver and the only site of metastatic disease in approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In the past, peritoneal carcinomatosis in CRC was thought to be equivalent to distant metastasis; however, the transcoelomic spread of malignant cells is an acknowledged alternative pathway. Metastasectomy with curative intent is well accepted in patients with liver metastasis in CRC despite the paucity of randomized trials. Therefore, there is rationale for local treatment with peritonectomy to eliminate macroscopic disease, followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy to destroy any residual free tumour cells within the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current evidence for cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in CRC.

Experiences with cytoreduction surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in Taiwan

Our hospital was the first institution to offer cytoreduction surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Taiwan. Therefore, we report our experience and outcomes among patients who underwent HIPEC.Since 2002, 164 eligible patients underwent HIPEC, and we excluded cases of laparoscopic or prophylactic HIPEC. The cases were categorized according to whether they were treated before 2012 (Period 1: 80 cases) or after 2012 (Period 2: 84 cases).The rates of surgical morbidity were 46.3% during Period 1 and 20.2% during Period 2 (P < .01), and the rates of severe complications were 25% during Period 1 and 9.5% during Period 2 (P < .01). The 5-year overall survival rate was 35.8%, with rates of 13.4% for gastric cancer, 27.3% for colon cancer, 70.0% for appendiceal cancer, and 52.4% for ovarian cancer (median follow-up: 34 months). The survival rate was 42.1% when we achieved a cytoreduction score of 0/1, compared with 21.1% in the group with a cytoreduction score of 2/3 (P < .01). Severe complications were associated with a 5-year survival rate of 23.4%, compared with 37.9% among cases without severe complications (P = .01). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 78.6% of the patients if they underwent their first surgery at our hospital.We have become an experienced hospital for CRS plus HIPEC. Although our complication rate for CRS plus HIPEC was high, it was within the acceptable range. Long-term survival was achieved in a few cases.

Outcome and surgical strategy in critical sites in cases of psuedomyxoma peritonei

BACKGROUND

For a long time peritoneal neoplasms were considered beyond surgical intervention and beyond cure, till the concept of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was introduced. However this surgical intervention is technically demanding and associated with considerable postoperative morbidity.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the surgical strategy in resection of critical sites loaded by heavy tumor deposits and to evaluate short and long term results of CRS and HIPEC, in a cohort of Egyptian patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) from appendiceal origin.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

21 patients with PMP, age ranged from 40 to 63years, 12 males and 9 females. All were recruited from the department of surgery at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University over the period from February 2011 to February 2016. They were subjected to CRS and HIPEC with mitomycin-C.

RESULTS

The median peritoneal carcinoma index (PCI) was 22 (range: 10-39). Optimal cytoreduction (CCR-0/1) was achieved in 19 patients (90.4%) of whom 17 patients (80.9%) had a complete cytoreduction (CCR-0). The median follow up period was 51.5months (range: 0.07-82.3months). The cumulative overall survival was 85.7% while the cumulative disease free survival was 76.9%.

CONCLUSION

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting five years postoperative outcome of CRS and HIPEC in Egyptian patients with PMP from appendiceal origin. Our results support that although technically demanding this treatment modality is safe and associated with favorable outcome.

Can a Benefit be Expected from Surgical Debulking of Unresectable Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the role of surgical debulking in improving pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)-related symptoms if complete cytoreductive surgery (CCRS) of huge PMP is unachievable.

METHODS

This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all patients in our tertiary care center treated for PMP between 1992 and 2014. All cases of surgical debulking in patients scheduled for CCRS that proved unachievable during the operation were selected for the present study.

RESULTS

Among the 338 patients operated on for PMP, 39 (11.5 %) had undergone surgical debulking because CCRS was unachievable. All of these patients were symptomatic before surgery, and the median PCI was 32 (5-39). More than 80 % of the disease burden was resected in 23 patients (59 %). Mortality and major morbidity rates were 2.5 and 23 %, respectively. After debulking surgery, symptoms gradually subsided over a median time of 23 months and 50 % of the patients no longer experienced PMP-related symptoms after a median follow-up of 24.5 months. After a median follow-up of 46.4 months (range 3-120), median overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival times were 55.5 and 20 months, respectively. Five-year OS and PFS rates were 46 and 11 %, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Aggressive debulking surgery in case of unachievable CCRS for huge PMP can offer prolonged relief of PMP-related symptoms and long-term survival, in experienced centers that are able to be sufficiently aggressive to resect the major part of the disease, and conservative enough to achieve low mortality and good quality of life.

Complications after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: Risk factors for ICU admission and morbidity prognostic score

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

For patients suffering from peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the only curative option. We focused on severe complications in the postoperative course of HIPEC.

METHODS

We studied perioperative data from patients who underwent HIPEC between January 2010 and August 2011. Our primary objective was to identify perioperative risk factors for ICU admission. Our secondary objective was to identify patient that may be re-admitted to the ICU thanks to a prognostic score.

RESULTS

122 patients underwent HIPEC. 32 presented severe adverse events (26.2%) and 7 died (5.7%). Reasons for ICU admission were septic shock in 28.1% of patients, hemorrhagic shock for 21.9%, hemodynamic instability for 15.6%, respiratory causes for 6.2% and post-operative acidosis for 6.2%. Vasopressors were required for 34% and 40.6% were mechanically ventilated.

CONCLUSION

Peritoneal cancer index, diaphragmatic peritonectomy, the need of vasopressive therapy, total volume of fluid leakage collected in drains and total volume of fluid therapy administered at day 1 reported on ideal body weight were the 5 significant variables that we combined to build a morbidity prognostic score. One patient over 4 is likely to present severe complications. A predictive morbidity score provide informative data for clinicians.