51
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Murase T, Suto T, Suzuki H. Azahelicenes from the Oxidative Photocyclization of Boron Hydroxamate Complexes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:726-729. [PMID: 28244263 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic hydroxamic acids (Ar-CO-NOH-Ar') were used as bidentate chelating ligands to generate the corresponding boron hydroxamate complexes, which were subsequently transformed into nitrogen-containing helicenes (azahelicenes) using an oxidative photocyclization method that is frequently used for stilbene-type (Ar-CH=CH-Ar') precursors of carbohelicenes. The nitrogen atom of the hydroxamate linker was thus directly embedded into the helicene core without using nitrogen-containing aromatic rings in the stilbene-type precursors. In a batch photoreaction, aza[4]helicenes were readily and efficiently prepared, but aza[6]helicenes underwent severe decomposition upon irradiation. Alternatively, a continuous flow photoreactor was employed to furnish an amide-type aza[6]helicene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murase
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Toru Suto
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Honoka Suzuki
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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52
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Kuijpers KPL, van Dijk MAH, Rumeur QG, Hessel V, Su Y, Noël T. A sensitivity analysis of a numbered-up photomicroreactor system. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The robustness of a numbered-up capillary photomicroreactor system was evaluated when subjected to common disturbances, such as clogging and light failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen P. L. Kuijpers
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. H. van Dijk
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Quentin G. Rumeur
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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53
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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54
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Yoshimi Y, Nishio A, Hayashi M, Morita T. Sunlight-induced decarboxylative radical addition of carboxylic acids to electron-deficient alkenes using a millitube reactor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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55
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Palaychuk N, DeLano TJ, Boyd MJ, Green J, Bandarage UK. Synthesis of Cycloalkyl Substituted 7-Azaindoles via Photoredox Nickel Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling in Batch and Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2016; 18:6180-6183. [PMID: 27934358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient photoredox/Ni dual catalytic Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling protocol in a continuous-flow regime to synthesize a variety of regioisomeric cycloalkyl substituted 7-azaindoles has been developed. These transformations proceed efficiently under mild conditions (blue LED light irradiation at 30 °C over 40 min residence time in mixed solvent systems). Reactions are easy to perform and afford most of the desired 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-cycloalkyl substituted 7-azaindoles in moderate-to-good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Palaychuk
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Travis J DeLano
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael J Boyd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jeremy Green
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated , 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Muhammad Abid Rashid
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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57
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Elliott LD, Berry M, Harji B, Klauber D, Leonard J, Booker-Milburn KI. A Small-Footprint, High-Capacity Flow Reactor for UV Photochemical Synthesis on the Kilogram Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Elliott
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Berry
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage SG1
2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Bashir Harji
- Cambridge Reactor Design Ltd., Unit D2, Brookfield Business Centre, Twentypence Road, Cottenham CB24 8PS, United Kingdom
| | - David Klauber
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - John Leonard
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin I. Booker-Milburn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wenn
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- IMEC associated lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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59
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Nakano M, Nishiyama Y, Tanimoto H, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Remarkable Improvement of Organic Photoreaction Efficiency in the Flow Microreactor by the Slug Flow Condition Using Water. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoe Nakano
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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60
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Oelgemöller M, Hoffmann N. Studies in organic and physical photochemistry - an interdisciplinary approach. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7392-442. [PMID: 27381273 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, organic photochemistry when applied to synthesis strongly interacts with physical chemistry. The aim of this review is to illustrate this very fruitful interdisciplinary approach and cooperation. A profound understanding of the photochemical reactivity and reaction mechanisms is particularly helpful for optimization and application of these reactions. Some typical reactions and particular aspects are reported such as the Norrish-Type II reaction and the Yang cyclization and related transformations, the [2 + 2] photocycloadditions, particularly the Paternò-Büchi reaction, photochemical electron transfer induced transformations, different kinds of catalytic reactions such as photoredox catalysis for organic synthesis and photooxygenation are discussed. Particular aspects such as the structure and reactivity of aryl cations, photochemical reactions in the crystalline state, chiral memory, different mechanisms of hydrogen transfer in photochemical reactions or fundamental aspects of stereoselectivity are discussed. Photochemical reactions are also investigated in the context of chemical engineering. Particularly, continuous flow reactors are of interest. Novel reactor systems are developed and modeling of photochemical transformations and different reactors play a key role in such studies. This research domain builds a bridge between fundamental studies of organic photochemical reactions and their industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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61
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Oelgemöller M. Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9664-82. [PMID: 27181285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural sunlight offers a cost-efficient and sustainable energy source for photochemical reactions. In contrast to the lengthy and small-scale "flask in the sun" procedures of the past, modern solar concentrator systems nowadays significantly shorten reaction times and enable technical-scale operations. After a brief historical introduction, this review presents the most important solar reactor types and their successful application in preparative solar syntheses. The examples demonstrate that solar manufacturing of fine chemicals is technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. After over 100 years, Ciamician's prophetic vision of "the photochemistry of the future" as a clean and green manufacturing methodology has yet to be realized. At the same time, his warning "for nature is not in a hurry but mankind is" is still valid today. It is hoped that this review will lead to a renewed interest in this truly enlightening technology, that it will stimulate photochemists and photochemical engineers to "go back to the roots onto the roofs" and that it will ultimately result in industrial applications in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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62
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Bergami M, Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Flow Metal-Free ArC Bond FormationviaPhotogenerated Phenyl Cations. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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63
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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64
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Fukuyama T, Tokizane M, Matsui A, Ryu I. A greener process for flow C–H chlorination of cyclic alkanes using in situ generation and on-site consumption of chlorine gas. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-chlorination of C–H bonds by gaseous chlorine in situ generated from HCl and NaOCl proceeded smoothly using a photo microreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Masashi Tokizane
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
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65
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Ditrói T, Kalmár J, Pino-Chamorro JA, Erdei Z, Lente G, Fábián I. Construction of a multipurpose photochemical reactor with on-line spectrophotometric detection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:589-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A versatile photoreactor was constructed from commercially available parts, which is capable of recording high quality kinetic traces in homogeneous and heterogeneous photoreactions and also easily adaptable to flow-through operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - József Kalmár
- MTA-DE Homogeneous Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms Research Group
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Erdei
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - Gábor Lente
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
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66
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Lechner M, Güttel R, Streb C. Challenges in polyoxometalate-mediated aerobic oxidation catalysis: catalyst development meets reactor design. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16716-16726. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current challenges and future directions i of polyoxometalates for selective aerobic oxidation catalysis is discussed with an emphasis on catalyst and reactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lechner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Institute of Chemical Engineering
| | - Robert Güttel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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67
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Mahbub P, Nesterenko PN. Application of photo degradation for remediation of cyclic nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo degradation is a rapid and safe remediation process and advances in continuous-flow photochemistry can scale-up yields of photo degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Mahbub
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart 7001
- Australia
| | - P. N. Nesterenko
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart 7001
- Australia
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68
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Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noël T. Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an exhaustive overview of the engineering principles, safety aspects and chemistry associated with liquid phase oxidation in continuous-flow microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- E14014 Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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69
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Rehm TH, Gros S, Löb P, Renken A. Photonic contacting of gas–liquid phases in a falling film microreactor for continuous-flow photochemical catalysis with visible light. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00169f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A microstructured falling film reactor was applied to the dye-sensitized photochemical conversion of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene to juglone for reactor and process evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Gros
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM
- 55129 Mainz
- Germany
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-ISIC
| | | | - Albert Renken
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- EPFL-ISIC
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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70
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Lefebvre Q, Hoffmann N, Rueping M. Photoorganocatalysed and visible light photoredox catalysed trifluoromethylation of olefins and (hetero)aromatics in batch and continuous flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2493-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09881e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylation of olefins and (hetero)aromatics with sodium triflinate as CF3source and readily accessible benzophenone derivatives as photosensitisers has been developed in batch and flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (UMR 6229)
- Equipe de Photochimie
- UFR Sciences
- France
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71
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Reichart B, Guedes de la Cruz G, Zangger K, Kappe CO, Glasnov T. Copper/Nafion-Catalyzed Hydroarylation Process Involving Ketenimine Intermediates: A Novel and Synthetic Approach to 4-Sulfonamidoquinoline-2-ones and Derivatives Thereof. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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72
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Ziegenbalg D, Wriedt B, Kreisel G, Kralisch D. Investigation of Photon Fluxes within Microstructured Photoreactors Revealing Great Optimization Potentials. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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73
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Rehm TH. Photochemical Fluorination Reactions - A Promising Research Field for Continuous-Flow Synthesis. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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74
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Bonassi F, Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Decatungstate Photocatalyzed Acylations and Alkylations in Flow viaHydrogen Atom Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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75
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Josland S, Mumtaz S, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylations in an Advanced Meso-Scale Continuous-Flow Photoreactor. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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76
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Light-Induced CH Arylation of (Hetero)arenes by In Situ Generated Diazo Anhydrides. Chemistry 2015; 21:12894-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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77
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Reis NM, Li Puma G. A novel microfluidic approach for extremely fast and efficient photochemical transformations in fluoropolymer microcapillary films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8414-7. [PMID: 25849647 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique optical properties of the fluoropolymer microcapillary film (MCF) material combined with the extremely fast photoinactivation of Herpes HSV-1 virus, and photodegradation of indigo carmine, diclofenac and benzoylecgonine in the MCF array photoreactor, demonstrate a new, flexible and inexpensive platform for rapid photochemical transformations, high-throughput process analytics and photochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Reis
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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78
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Abstract
AbstractRadicals are easily generated via hydrogen transfer form secondary alcohols or tertiary amines using photochemical sensitization with ketones. They can subsequently add to the electron deficient double bond of furanones. The addition of the alcohols is particularly efficient. Therefore, this reaction was used to characterize and to compare the efficiency of different photochemical continuous flow microreactors. A range of micro-structured reactors were tested and their performances evaluated. The enclosed microchip enabled high space-time-yields but its microscopic dimensions limited its productivity. In contrast, the open microcapillary model showed a greater potential for scale-up and reactor optimization. A 10-microcapillary reactor was therefore constructed and utilized for typical R&D applications. Compared to the corresponding batch processes, the microreactor systems gave faster conversions, improved product qualities and higher yields. Similar reactions have also been carried out with electronically excited furanones and other α,β-unsaturated ketones. In this case, hydrogen is transferred directly to the excited olefin. This reaction part may occur either in one step, i.e., electron and proton are transferred simultaneously, or it may occur in two steps, i.e., the electron is transferred first and the proton follows. In the first case, a C–C bond is formed in the α position of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound and in the second case this bond is formed in the β position. For the first reaction, the influence of stereochemical elements of the substrate on the regioselectivity of the hydrogen abstraction on the side chain has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- 1College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- 2CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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79
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Photochemical degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in microreactor. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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80
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Yamashita T, Inoue M, Yasuda M. Isolation of a Photochemically Unstable Product by Inner Filtering of Liquid–Liquid Slug Flow in a Microreactor. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College
| | - Motohiro Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College
| | - Masahide Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
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81
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Su Y, Hessel V, Noël T. A compact photomicroreactor design for kinetic studies of gas-liquid photocatalytic transformations. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Su
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Gent Belgium
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82
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Fabry DC, Ronge MA, Rueping M. Immobilization and continuous recycling of photoredox catalysts in ionic liquids for applications in batch reactions and flow systems: catalytic alkene isomerization by using visible light. Chemistry 2015; 21:5350-4. [PMID: 25694030 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic (E)- to (Z)-isomerization of olefins using a photoredox catalyst under mild reaction conditions is presented. A variety of (Z)-alkenes can be prepared in the presence of visible light. A new reaction system allows an easy and efficient scale-up, as well as a continuous flow process in which the photocatalyst is immobilized in an ionic liquid and continuously recycled by simple phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Fabry
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241-809-2127
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83
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Benz C, Boomhoff M, Appun J, Schneider C, Belder D. Chip-Based Free-Flow Electrophoresis with Integrated Nanospray Mass-Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2766-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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84
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Benz C, Boomhoff M, Appun J, Schneider C, Belder D. Chip-basierte Freiflusselektrophorese mit integrierter Nanospray-Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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85
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Talla A, Driessen B, Straathof NJW, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L, Hessel V, Noël T. Metal-Free Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides in Batch and Continuous-Flow. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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86
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Pordanjani HM, Faderl C, Wang J, Motti CA, Junk PC, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylative Benzylations of N-Methoxyphthalimide under Batch and Continuous-Flow Conditions. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of photodecarboxylative benzylations of N-methoxyphthalimide were successfully realised using easily accessible starting materials. The reactions proceeded smoothly and the corresponding benzylated hydroxyphthalimidines were obtained in moderate to good yields of 52–73 %. No competing photoinduced dealkoxylation of the N-methoxy group was observed. The reaction with potassium phenylacetate was subsequently investigated in an advanced continuous-flow photoreactor. The reactor allowed rapid optimization of the reaction conditions and gave the desired benzylated product in higher yield and shorter irradiation time compared with the batch process.
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87
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Fuse S, Takahashi T. Efficient Organic Synthesis based on Micro-flow Photo-reaction, Imidoylation, and Acylation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Chemical Resources Laboratory
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88
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Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K. Highly Efficient and Selective Diastereodifferentiating Organic Photoreactions Using Flow Microreactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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89
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Noël T, Su Y, Hessel V. Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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90
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91
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Mifune Y, Fuse S, Tanaka H. Synthesis ofN-Allyloxycarbonyl 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine via Photochemical Wolff Rearrangement–Nucleophilic Addition Sequence in a Micro-Flow Reactor. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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92
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Schroll P, König B. Photocatalytic α-Oxyamination of Stable Enolates, Silyl Enol Ethers, and 2-Oxoalkane Phosphonic Esters. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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93
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Hoera C, Ohla S, Shu Z, Beckert E, Nagl S, Belder D. An integrated microfluidic chip enabling control and spatially resolved monitoring of temperature in micro flow reactors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:387-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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94
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Elliott LD, Knowles JP, Koovits PJ, Maskill KG, Ralph MJ, Lejeune G, Edwards LJ, Robinson RI, Clemens IR, Cox B, Pascoe DD, Koch G, Eberle M, Berry MB, Booker-Milburn KI. Batch versus Flow Photochemistry: A Revealing Comparison of Yield and Productivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:15226-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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95
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Woźnica M, Chaoui N, Taabache S, Blechert S. THF: An Efficient Electron Donor in Continuous Flow Radical Cyclization Photocatalyzed by Graphitic Carbon Nitride. Chemistry 2014; 20:14624-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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96
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Manabe Y, Kitawaki Y, Nagasaki M, Fukase K, Matsubara H, Hino Y, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Revisiting the bromination of C-H bonds with molecular bromine by using a photo-microflow system. Chemistry 2014; 20:12750-3. [PMID: 25170976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The photobromination of C-H bonds by using molecular bromine was reinvestigated under microfluidic conditions. The continuous-flow method suppressed the production of dibrominated compounds and effectively produced the desired monobrominated products with high selectivity. Rapid bromination of benzylic substrates containing a photoaffinity azide group was achieved without any decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 6-6850-5391
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97
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Cantillo D, de Frutos O, Rincón JA, Mateos C, Kappe CO. A continuous-flow protocol for light-induced benzylic fluorinations. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8486-90. [PMID: 25144336 DOI: 10.1021/jo5016757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A continuous-flow protocol for the light-induced fluorination of benzylic compounds is presented. The procedure uses Selectfluor as the fluorine source and xanthone as an inexpensive and commercially available photoorganocatalyst. The flow photoreactor is based on transparent fluorinated ethylene propylene tubing and a household compact fluorescent lamp. The combination of xanthone with black-light irradiation results in very efficient fluorination. Good to excellent isolated yields were obtained for a variety of substrates bearing different functional groups applying residence times below 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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98
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Loponov KN, Lopes J, Barlog M, Astrova EV, Malkov AV, Lapkin AA. Optimization of a Scalable Photochemical Reactor for Reactions with Singlet Oxygen. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500181z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Loponov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Lopes
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Barlog
- School
of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrei V. Malkov
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei A. Lapkin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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99
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Pinho VD, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Continuous flow synthesis of β-amino acids from α-amino acids via Arndt–Eistert homologation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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100
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Straathof NJW, Tegelbeckers BJP, Hessel V, Wang X, Noël T. A mild and fast photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of thiols in batch and continuous-flow. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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