51
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Enantioselective synthesis of functionalized 2-amino-4H-chromenes via the o-quinone methides generated from 2-(1-tosylalkyl)phenols. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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52
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A Selective G-Quadruplex DNA-Stabilizing Ligand Based on a Cyclic Naphthalene Diimide Derivative. Molecules 2015; 20:10963-79. [PMID: 26076114 PMCID: PMC6272171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cyclic naphthalene diimide (cyclic NDI, 1), carrying a benzene moiety as linker chain, was synthesized and its interaction with G-quadruplex DNAs of a-core and a-coreTT as a human telomeric DNA, c-kit and c-myc as DNA sequence at promoter region, or thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) studied based on UV-VIS and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques, thermal melting temperature measurement, and FRET-melting assay. The circular dichroism spectra showed that 1 induced the formation of different types of G-quadruplex DNA structure. Compound 1 bound to these G-quadruplexes with affinities in the range of 106–107 M−1 order and a 2:1 stoichiometry. Compound 1 showed 270-fold higher selectivity for a-core than dsDNA with a preferable a-core binding than a-coreTT, c-kit, c-myc and TBA in the presence of K+, which is supported by thermal melting studies. The FRET-melting assay also showed that 1 bound preferentially to human telomeric DNA. Compound 1 showed potent inhibition against telomerase activity with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM and preferable binding to G-quadruplexes DNA than our previously published cyclic NDI derivative 3 carrying a benzene moiety as longer linker chain.
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53
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Prato G, Silvent S, Saka S, Lamberto M, Kosenkov D. Thermodynamics of binding of di- and tetrasubstituted naphthalene diimide ligands to DNA G-quadruplex. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3335-47. [PMID: 25635929 DOI: 10.1021/jp509637y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimide ligands have the potential to stabilize human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA via noncovalent interactions. Stabilization of G-quadruplex high order structures has become an important strategy to develop novel anticancer therapeutics. In this study four naphthalene diimide based ligands were analyzed in order to elucidate the principal factors determining contributions to G-quadruplex-ligand binding. Three possible modes of binding and their respective Gibbs free energies for two naphthalene diimide based di-N-alkylpyridinium substituted ligands have been determined using a molecular docking technique and compared to experimental results. The structures obtained from the molecular docking calculations, were analyzed using the ab initio based fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method in order to determine the major enthalpic contributions to the binding and types of interactions between the ligand and specific residues of the G-quadruplex. A computational methodology for the efficient and inexpensive ligand optimization as compared to fully ab initio methods based on the estimation of binding affinities of the naphthalene diimide derived ligands to G-quadruplex is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Prato
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Monmouth University , 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, New Jersey 07764, United States
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54
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Doria F, Folini M, Grande V, Cimino-Reale G, Zaffaroni N, Freccero M. Naphthalene diimides as red fluorescent pH sensors for functional cell imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:570-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble naphthalene diimides have been designed and synthesized as cell permeable pH “turned-on” fluorescent sensors for cellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Doria
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Graziella Cimino-Reale
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Mauro Freccero
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
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55
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Doria F, Oppi A, Manoli F, Botti S, Kandoth N, Grande V, Manet I, Freccero M. A naphthalene diimide dyad for fluorescence switch-on detection of G-quadruplexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9105-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A non-fluorescent dimeric naphthalene diimide dye becomes red emitting upon G-quadruplex binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Doria
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - A. Oppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - F. Manoli
- Istituto per la sintesi organica e la fotoreattività (ISOF)
- CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - S. Botti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - N. Kandoth
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - V. Grande
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - I. Manet
- Istituto per la sintesi organica e la fotoreattività (ISOF)
- CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - M. Freccero
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
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56
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Nadai M, Doria F, Germani L, Richter SN, Freccero M. A Photoreactive G-Quadruplex Ligand Triggered by Green Light. Chemistry 2014; 21:2330-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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57
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Siters KE, Fountain MA, Morrow JR. Selective binding of Zn2+ complexes to human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11540-51. [PMID: 25310175 DOI: 10.1021/ic501484p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Zn(2+) complex of 5-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylsulfonyl)-N,N-dimethylnaphthalen-1-amine, Zn(DSC), binds selectively to the biologically relevant human telomeric (H-Telo) G-quadruplex. An increase in the Zn(DSC) dansyl group fluorescence with a simultaneous shift in emission is consistent with the complex binding to H-Telo. The H-Telo G-quadruplex has two binding sites for Zn(DSC) with binding constants in the low micromolar range (2.5 μM). Isothermal calorimetric titrations confirm low micromolar dissociation constants with a 2:1 stoichiometry. The interaction between H-Telo and Zn(DSC) is highly pH-dependent, consistent with binding to the unpaired thymines in the G-quadruplex loops. As a result, Zn(DSC) selectively binds to H-Telo over duplex DNA. In contrast to Zn(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+) do not complex to the DSC macrocycle appreciably under the conditions of the experiment. The Cu(2+) complex of DSC does not interact measurably with the H-Telo G-quadruplex. Interestingly, the H-Telo-Zn(DSC) adduct self-assembles from its individual components at physiological pH and 100 mM KCl. The self-assembly feature, which is specific for the Zn(2+) ion, suggests that this system may be viable as a Zn(2+) sensor. Pentanucleotides were studied in order to better describe the binding of Zn(DSC) to thymine sequences. NMR studies were consistent with the binding of Zn(DSC) to thymine-containing oligonucleotides including CCTCC, CTTCC, and CTCTC. Studies showed that the dansyl group of Zn(DSC) interacts with thymines in CTTCC. Fluorescence spectroscopy and ITC data indicate that Zn(DSC) forms 2:1 adducts with thymines that are spaced (CTCTC) but not tandem thymines (CTTCC). These data are consistent with one Zn(DSC) complex binding to two separate loops in the G-quadruplex. A second Zn(2+) complex containing an acridine pendent, Zn(ACR), binds tightly to pentanucleotides with both tandem and spaced thymines. Zn(ACR) indiscriminately binds to both H-Telo and duplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Siters
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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58
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Wu B, Gao X, Chen MW, Zhou YG. A Concise Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrilesviatheo-Quinone Methides Generated from 2-(1-Tosylalkyl)phenols. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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59
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Small-molecule quadruplex-targeted drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2602-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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60
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Haque MM, Sun H, Liu S, Wang Y, Peng X. Photoswitchable Formation of a DNA Interstrand Cross-Link by a Coumarin-Modified Nucleotide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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61
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Haque MM, Sun H, Liu S, Wang Y, Peng X. Photoswitchable formation of a DNA interstrand cross-link by a coumarin-modified nucleotide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7001-5. [PMID: 24840115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A coumarin-modified pyrimidine nucleoside (1) has been synthesized using a Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Interstrand cross-links are produced upon irradiation of ODNs containing 1 at 350 nm. Cross-linking occurs through a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with the opposing thymidine, 2'-deoxycytidine, or 2'-deoxyadenosine. A much higher reactivity was observed with dT than dC or dA. Irradiation of the dT-1 and dC-1 cross-linked products at 254 nm leads to a reversible ring-opening reaction, while such phenomena were not observed with dA-1 adducts. The reversible reaction is ultrafast and complete within 50-90 s. Consistent photoswitching behavior was observed over 6 cycles of irradiation at 350 nm and 254 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of photoswitchable interstrand cross-linking formation induced by a modified pyrimidine nucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mojibul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211 (USA)
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62
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Škalamera Đ, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Martin-Kleiner I, Kralj M, Wan P, Basarić N. Near-visible light generation of a quinone methide from 3-hydroxymethyl-2-anthrol. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4390-7. [PMID: 24758707 DOI: 10.1021/jo500290y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of 2-hydroxy-3-(diphenylhydroxymethyl)anthracene (7) to S1 initiates photodehydration, giving the corresponding quinone methide (QM) that was detected by laser flash photolysis (LFP) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (λ = 580 nm, τ = 690 ± 10 ns). The QM decays by protonation, giving a cation (λ = 520 nm, τ = 84 ± 3 μs), which subsequently reacts with nucleophiles. The rate constants in the reactions with nucleophiles were determined by LFP, whereas the adducts were isolated via preparative photolyses. The photogeneration of QMs in the anthrol series is important for potential use in biological systems since the chromophore absorbs at wavelengths > 400 nm. Antiproliferative investigations conducted with 2-anthrol derivative 7 on three human cancer cell lines showed higher activity for irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đani Škalamera
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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63
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Di Antonio M, McLuckie KIE, Balasubramanian S. Reprogramming the mechanism of action of chlorambucil by coupling to a G-quadruplex ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5860-3. [PMID: 24697838 PMCID: PMC4132976 DOI: 10.1021/ja5014344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen mustard Chlorambucil (Chl) generates covalent adducts with double-helical DNA and inhibits cell proliferation. Among these adducts, interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are the most toxic, as they stall replication by generating DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Conversely, intrastrand cross-links generated by Chl are efficiently repaired by a dedicated Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) enzyme. We synthesized a novel cross-linking agent that combines Chl with the G-quadruplex (G4) ligand PDS (PDS-Chl). We demonstrated that PDS-Chl alkylates G4 structures at low μM concentrations, without reactivity toward double- or single-stranded DNA. Since intramolecular G4s arise from a single DNA strand, we reasoned that preferential alkylation of such structures might prevent the generation of ICLs, while favoring intrastrand cross-links. We observed that PDS-Chl selectively impairs growth in cells genetically deficient in NER, but did not show any sensitivity to the repair gene BRCA2, involved in double-stranded break repair. Our findings suggest that G4 targeting of this clinically important alkylating agent alters the overall mechanism of action. These insights may inspire new opportunities for intervention in diseases specifically characterized by genetic impairment of NER, such as skin and testicular cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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64
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Percivalle C, Sissi C, Greco ML, Musetti C, Mariani A, Artese A, Costa G, Perrore ML, Alcaro S, Freccero M. Aryl ethynyl anthraquinones: a useful platform for targeting telomeric G-quadruplex structures. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3744-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,7-Diaryl ethynyl anthraquinones have been synthesized by Sonogashira cross-coupling and evaluated as telomeric G-quadruplex ligands, with good G-quadruplex/duplex selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Musetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Universitá di Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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65
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Lyall CL, Shotton CC, Pérez-Salvia M, Dan Pantoş G, Lewis SE. Direct core functionalisation of naphthalenediimides by iridium catalysed C–H borylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13837-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first boron-substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs), prepared by iridium catalysed C–H activation. Both mono- and diborylated products are available, which have been further elaborated by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling.
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66
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Verga D, Hamon F, Poyer F, Bombard S, Teulade-Fichou MP. Photo-Cross-Linking Probes for Trapping G-Quadruplex DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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67
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Verga D, Hamon F, Poyer F, Bombard S, Teulade-Fichou MP. Photo-Cross-Linking Probes for Trapping G-Quadruplex DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:994-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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68
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Konermann L, Vahidi S, Sowole MA. Mass Spectrometry Methods for Studying Structure and Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules. Anal Chem 2013; 86:213-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4039306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Siavash Vahidi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Modupeola A. Sowole
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
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69
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Perrone R, Nadai M, Frasson I, Poe JA, Butovskaya E, Smithgall TE, Palumbo M, Palù G, Richter SN. A dynamic G-quadruplex region regulates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6521-30. [PMID: 23865750 DOI: 10.1021/jm400914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G-Quadruplexes, noncanonical nucleic acid structures, act as silencers in the promoter regions of human genes; putative G-quadruplex forming sequences are also present in promoters of other mammals, yeasts, and prokaryotes. Here we show that also the HIV-1 LTR promoter exploits G-quadruplex-mediated transcriptional regulation with striking similarities to eukaryotic promoters and that treatment with a G-quadruplex ligand inhibits HIV-1 infectivity. Computational analysis on 953 HIV-1 strains substantiated a highly conserved G-rich sequence corresponding to Sp1 and NF-κB binding sites. Biophysical/biochemical analysis proved that two mutually exclusive parallel-like intramolecular G-quadruplexes, stabilized by small molecule ligands, primarily fold in this region. Mutations disrupting G-quadruplex formation enhanced HIV promoter activity in cells, whereas treatment with a G-quadruplex ligand impaired promoter activity and displayed antiviral effects. These findings disclose the possibility of inhibiting the HIV-1 LTR promoter by G-quadruplex-interacting small molecules, providing a new pathway to development of anti-HIV-1 drugs with unprecedented mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Perrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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70
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Doria F, Manet I, Grande V, Monti S, Freccero M. Water-Soluble Naphthalene Diimides as Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8065-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401347z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Doria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Pavia, V. le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica
e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grande
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Pavia, V. le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica
e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Freccero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università
di Pavia, V. le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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71
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Micco M, Collie GW, Dale AG, Ohnmacht SA, Pazitna I, Gunaratnam M, Reszka AP, Neidle S. Structure-based design and evaluation of naphthalene diimide G-quadruplex ligands as telomere targeting agents in pancreatic cancer cells. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2959-74. [PMID: 23514618 DOI: 10.1021/jm301899y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetra-substituted naphthalene diimide (ND) derivatives with positively charged termini are potent stabilizers of human telomeric and gene promoter DNA quadruplexes and inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study reports the enhancement of the pharmacological properties of earlier ND compounds using structure-based design. Crystal structures of three complexes with human telomeric intramolecular quadruplexes demonstrate that two of the four strongly basic N-methyl-piperazine groups can be replaced by less basic morpholine groups with no loss of intermolecular interactions in the grooves of the quadruplex. The new compounds retain high affinity to human telomeric quadruplex DNA but are 10-fold more potent against the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line, with IC50 values of ~10 nM. The lead compound induces cellular senescence but does not inhibit telomerase activity at the nanomolar dosage levels required for inhibition of cellular proliferation. Gene array qPCR analysis of MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with the lead compound revealed significant dose-dependent modulation of a distinct subset of genes, including strong induction of DNA damage responsive genes CDKN1A, DDIT3, GADD45A/G, and PPM1D, and repression of genes involved in telomere maintenance, including hPOT1 and PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Micco
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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72
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Doria F, Gallati CM, Freccero M. Hydrosoluble and solvatochromic naphthalene diimides with NIR absorption. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7838-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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