51
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Araújo ARL, Tomé AC, Santos CIM, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Simões MMQ, Moura NMM, Abu-Orabi ST, Cavaleiro JAS. Azides and Porphyrinoids: Synthetic Approaches and Applications. Part 1-Azides, Porphyrins and Corroles. Molecules 2020; 25:E1662. [PMID: 32260294 PMCID: PMC7181322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Azides and porphyrinoids (such as porphyrin and corrole macrocycles) can give rise to new derivatives with significant biological properties and as new materials' components. Significant synthetic approaches have been studied. A wide range of products (e.g., microporous organic networks, rotaxane and dendritic motifs, dendrimers as liquid crystals, as blood substitutes for transfusions and many others) can now be available and used for several medicinal and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. L. Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Carla I. M. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
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52
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Liang S, Zhao X, Yang T, Yu W. Iron–Phosphine Complex-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Amination of Azides. Org Lett 2020; 22:1961-1965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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53
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Li X, Dong L, Liu Y. Theoretical Study of Iron Porphyrin Nitrene: Formation Mechanism, Electronic Nature, and Intermolecular C–H Amination. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1622-1632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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54
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Elsby MR, Baker RT. Strategies and mechanisms of metal–ligand cooperativity in first-row transition metal complex catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8933-8987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) by transition metal bifunctional catalysts has emerged at the forefront of homogeneous catalysis science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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55
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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56
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Wei K, Yang T, Chen Q, Liang S, Yu W. Iron-catalysed 1,2-aryl migration of tertiary azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11685-11688. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Carbon to nitrogen aryl migration of α,α-diaryl tertiary azides was realized by using FeCl2 and N-heterocyclic carbene SIPr·HCl as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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57
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van Leest NP, Tepaske MA, Oudsen JPH, Venderbosch B, Rietdijk NR, Siegler MA, Tromp M, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Ligand Redox Noninnocence in [Co III(TAML)] 0/- Complexes Affects Nitrene Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:552-563. [PMID: 31846578 PMCID: PMC6956250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The redox noninnocence of the TAML scaffold in cobalt-TAML
(tetra-amido
macrocyclic ligand) complexes has been under debate since 2006. In
this work, we demonstrate with a variety of spectroscopic measurements
that the TAML backbone in the anionic complex [CoIII(TAMLred)]– is truly redox noninnocent
and that one-electron oxidation affords [CoIII(TAMLsq)]. Multireference (CASSCF) calculations show that the electronic
structure of [CoIII(TAMLsq)] is best described as an
intermediate spin (S = 1) cobalt(III) center that
is antiferromagnetically coupled to a ligand-centered radical, affording
an overall doublet (S = 1/2) ground-state. Reaction
of the cobalt(III)-TAML complexes with PhINNs as a nitrene precursor
leads to TAML-centered oxidation and produces nitrene radical complexes
without oxidation of the metal ion. The ligand redox state (TAMLred or TAMLsq) determines whether mono- or bis-nitrene
radical complexes are formed. Reaction of [CoIII(TAMLsq)] or [CoIII(TAMLred)]– with PhINNs results in the formation of [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)] and [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)2]–, respectively. Herein, ligand-to-substrate
single-electron transfer results in one-electron-reduced Fischer-type
nitrene radicals (N•Ns–) that are intermediates in catalytic nitrene transfer to styrene.
These nitrene radical species were characterized by EPR, XANES, and
UV–vis spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, magnetic
moment measurements, and supporting CASSCF calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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58
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Dong Y, Lukens JT, Clarke RM, Zheng SL, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Synthesis, characterization and C-H amination reactivity of nickel iminyl complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1260-1268. [PMID: 34123250 PMCID: PMC8147896 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalation of the deprotonated dipyrrin (AdFL)Li with NiCl2(py)2 afforded the divalent Ni product (AdFL)NiCl(py)2 (1) (AdFL: 1,9-di(1-adamantyl)-5-perfluorophenyldipyrrin; py: pyridine). To generate a reactive synthon on which to explore oxidative group transfer, we used potassium graphite to reduce 1, affording the monovalent Ni synthon (AdFL)Ni(py) (2) and concomitant production of a stoichiometric equivalent of KCl and pyridine. Slow addition of mesityl- or 1-adamantylazide in benzene to 2 afforded the oxidized Ni complexes (AdFL)Ni(NMes) (3) and (AdFL)Ni(NAd) (4), respectively. Both 3 and 4 were characterized by multinuclear NMR, EPR, magnetometry, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies to provide a detailed electronic structure picture of the nitrenoid adducts. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) on the Ni reveals higher energy Ni 1s → 3d transitions (3: 8333.2 eV; 4: 8333.4 eV) than NiI or unambiguous NiII analogues. N K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed on 3 and 4 reveals a common low-energy absorption present only for 3 and 4 (395.4 eV) that was assigned via TDDFT as an N 1s promotion into a predominantly N-localized, singly occupied orbital, akin to metal-supported iminyl complexes reported for iron. On the continuum of imido (i.e., NR2−) to iminyl (i.e., 2NR−) formulations, the complexes are best described as NiII-bound iminyl species given the N K-edge and TDDFT results. Given the open-shell configuration (S = 1/2) of the iminyl adducts, we then examined their propensity to undergo nitrenoid-group transfer to organic substrates. The adamantyl complex 4 readily consumes 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) via H-atom abstraction to afford the amide (AdFL)Ni(NHAd) (5), whereas no reaction was observed upon treatment of the mesityl variant 3 with excess amount of CHD over 3 hours. Toluene can be functionalized by 4 at room temperature, exclusively affording the N-1-adamantyl-benzylidene (6). Slow addition of the organoazide substrate (4-azidobutyl)benzene (7) with 2 exclusively forms 4-phenylbutanenitrile (8) as opposed to an intramolecular cyclized pyrrolidine, resulting from facile β-H elimination outcompeting H-atom abstraction from the benzylic position, followed by rapid H2-elimination from the intermediate Ni hydride ketimide intermediate. Nickel-supported nitrenoids exhibit iminyl character, as determined by multi-edge XAS and TDDFT analysis, demonstrate efficacy for C–H activation and nitrene transfer chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - James T Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
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59
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Michiyuki T, Komeyama K. Recent Advances in Four‐Coordinated Planar Cobalt Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Michiyuki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
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60
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Hu Y, Lang K, Li C, Gill JB, Kim I, Lu H, Fields KB, Marshall M, Cheng Q, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Enantioselective Radical Construction of 5-Membered Cyclic Sulfonamides by Metalloradical C-H Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18160-18169. [PMID: 31622088 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both arylsulfonyl and alkylsulfonyl azides can be effectively activated by the cobalt(II) complexes of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins for enantioselective radical 1,5-C-H amination to stereoselectively construct 5-membered cyclic sulfonamides. In addition to C-H bonds with varied electronic properties, the Co(II)-based metalloradical system features chemoselective amination of allylic C-H bonds and is compatible with heteroaryl groups, producing functionalized 5-membered chiral cyclic sulfonamides in high yields with high enantioselectivities. The unique profile of reactivity and selectivity of the Co(II)-catalyzed C-H amination is attributed to its underlying stepwise radical mechanism, which is supported by several lines of experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Joseph B Gill
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Isaac Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Kimberly B Fields
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - McKenzie Marshall
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Qigan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-5250 , United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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61
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Zhang M, Wang Q, Peng Y, Chen Z, Wan C, Chen J, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Zhang AQ. Transition metal-catalyzed sp 3 C-H activation and intramolecular C-N coupling to construct nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13048-13065. [PMID: 31621700 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are of great medicinal importance, and the construction of nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds has been one of the focuses in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the strategy of transition metal-catalyzed sp3 C-H activation and intramolecular C-N coupling to construct nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds has been well developed. Palladium, copper, silver, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium catalysis were successfully used for the construction of nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds, aziridines, azetidines, pyrrolidines, pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, indolines, isoindolines, isoindolinones, tetrahydropyridines, oxazolidinones, oxazinanones, β-lactams, γ-lactams etc., which have been synthesized by the sp3 C-H activation strategy. Here, we summarize the progress of transition metal-catalyzed sp3 C-H activation/intramolecular C-N bond formation, and introduce both the reaction development and mechanisms in numerous synthetically useful intramolecular sp3 C-H catalytic aminations/amidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Changfeng Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Junmin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Yongli Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Rongli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Ai Qin Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
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62
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Baek Y, Hennessy ET, Betley TA. Direct Manipulation of Metal Imido Geometry: Key Principles to Enhance C-H Amination Efficacy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16944-16953. [PMID: 31550162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the catalytic C-H amination mediated by an isolable CoIII imido complex (TrL)Co(NR) supported by a sterically demanding dipyrromethene ligand (TrL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(trityl)dipyrrin). Metalation of (TrL)Li with CoCl2 in THF afforded a high-spin (S = 3/2) three-coordinate complex (TrL)CoCl. Chemical reduction of (TrL)CoCl with potassium graphite yielded the high-spin (S = 1) CoI synthon (TrL)Co which is stabilized through an intramolecular η6-arene interaction. Treatment of (TrL)Co with a stoichiometric amount of 1-azidoadamantane (AdN3) furnished a three-coordinate, diamagnetic CoIII imide (TrL)Co(NAd) as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a rare trigonal pyramidal geometry with an acute Co-Nimido-C angle 145.0(3)°. Exposure of 1-10 mol % of (TrL)Co to linear alkyl azides (RN3) resulted in catalytic formation of substituted N-heterocycles via intramolecular C-H amination of a range of C-H bonds, including primary C-H bonds. The mechanism of the C-N bond formation was probed via initial rate kinetic analysis and kinetic isotope effect experiments [kH/kD = 38.4(1)], suggesting a stepwise H-atom abstraction followed by radical recombination. In contrast to the previously reported C-H amination mediated by (ArL)Co(NR) (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin), (TrL)Co(NR) displays enhanced yields and rates of C-H amination without the aid of a cocatalyst, and no catalyst degradation to a tetrazene species was observed, as further supported by the pyridine inhibition effect on the rate of C-H amination. Furthermore, (TrL)Co(NAd) exhibits an extremely low one-electron reduction potential (E°red = -1.98 V vs [Cp2Fe]+/0) indicating that the highly basic terminal imido unit contributes to the driving force for H-atom abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Elisabeth T Hennessy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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63
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Roy S, Khatua H, Das SK, Chattopadhyay B. Iron(II)‐Based Metalloradical Activation: Switch from Traditional Click Chemistry to Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11439-11443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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64
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Lang K, Torker S, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Induction and Enantiodivergence in Catalytic Radical C-H Amination via Enantiodifferentiative H-Atom Abstraction and Stereoretentive Radical Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12388-12396. [PMID: 31280562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Control of enantioselectivity remains a major challenge in radical chemistry. The emergence of metalloradical catalysis (MRC) offers a conceptually new strategy for addressing this and other outstanding issues. Through the employment of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins as the supporting ligands, Co(II)-based MRC has enabled the development of new catalytic systems for asymmetric radical transformations with a unique profile of reactivity and selectivity. With the support of new-generation HuPhyrin chiral ligands whose cavity environment can be fine-tuned, the Co-centered d-radicals enable to address challenging issues that require exquisite control of fundamental radical processes. As showcased with asymmetric 1,5-C-H amination of sulfamoyl azides, the enantiocontrol of which has proven difficult, the judicious use of HuPhyrin ligand by tuning the bridge length and other remote nonchiral elements allows for controlling both the degree and sense of asymmetric induction in a systematic manner. This effort leads to successful development of new Co(II)-based catalytic systems that are highly effective for enantiodivergent radical 1,5-C-H amination, producing both enantiomers of the strained five-membered cyclic sulfamides with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed deuterium-labeling studies, together with DFT computation, have revealed an unprecedented mode of asymmetric induction that consists of enantiodifferentiative H-atom abstraction and stereoretentive radical substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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65
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Liedtke T, Hilche T, Klare S, Gansäuer A. Condition Screening for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps by Cyclic Voltammetry: Additives and Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3166-3171. [PMID: 30779429 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry-based screening method for Cp2 TiX-catalyzed reactions is extended to the screening of solvents other than tetrahydrofuran for bulk electrolysis of the catalyst and radical arylation. It was found that CH3 CN can be used as a solvent for both processes without additives. Furthermore, in tetrahydrofuran, squaramide L2 is more efficient than the previously reported supramolecular halide binder, Schreiner's thiourea L1. The results extend the usefulness of the proposed time and resource-efficient screening method for designing catalysis reactions in single-electron steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liedtke
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hilche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Klare
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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66
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Roy S, Khatua H, Das SK, Chattopadhyay B. Iron(II)‐Based Metalloradical Activation: Switch from Traditional Click Chemistry to Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug DiscoveryCentre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR)SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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67
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Strekalova S, Khrizanforov M, Budnikova Y. Evaluation of Transition Metal Catalysts in Electrochemically Induced Aromatic Phosphonation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091823. [PMID: 31083594 PMCID: PMC6540189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltammetry provides important information on the redox properties of catalysts (transition metal complexes of Ni, Co, Mn, etc.) and their activity in electrocatalytic reactions of aromatic C–H phosphonation in the presence of a phosphorus precursor, for example, dialkyl-H-phosphonate. Based on catalytic current growth of oxidation or reduction of the metal catalysts (CoII, MnII, NiII, MnII/NiII, MnII/CoII, and CoII/NiII), quantitative characteristics of the regeneration of catalysts were determined, for example, for MnII, NiII and MnII/NiII, CoII/NiII pairs. Calculations confirmed the previously made synthetic observations on the synergistic effect of certain metal ions in binary catalytic systems (MnIIbpy/NiIIbpy and NiIIbpy/CoIIbpy); for mixtures, the observed rate constants, or TOF, were 690 s−1 and 721 s−1, respectively, and product yields were higher for monometallic catalytic systems (up to 71% for bimetallic catalytic systems and ~30% for monometallic catalytic systems). In some cases, the appearance of pre-waves after adding H-phosphonates confirmed the preceding chemical reaction. It also confirmed the formation of metal phosphonates in the time scale of voltammetry, oxidizing or reducing at lower potentials than the original (RO)2P(O)H and metal complex, which could be used for fast diagnostics of metal ion and dialkyl-H-phosphonate interactions. Electrochemical transfer of an electron to (from) metal phosphonate generates a phosphonyl radical, which can then react with different arenes to give the products of aromatic C–H phosphonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Strekalova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Khrizanforov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Yulia Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
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68
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Zhang Y, Duan D, Zhong Y, Guo XA, Guo J, Gou J, Gao Z, Yu B. Fe(III)-Catalyzed Aerobic Intramolecular N–N Coupling of Aliphatic Azides with Amines. Org Lett 2019; 21:4960-4965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xin-Ai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Jing Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Binxun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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69
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Abstract
Reduction of (ArL)CoIIBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with potassium graphite afforded the novel CoI synthon (ArL)CoI. Treatment of (ArL)CoI with a stoichiometric amount of various alkyl azides (N3R) furnished three-coordinate CoIII alkyl imidos (ArL)Co(NR), as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (R: CMe2Bu, CMe2(CH2)2CHMe2). The exclusive formation of four-coordinate cobalt tetrazido complexes (ArL)Co(κ2-N4R2) was observed upon addition of excess azide, inhibiting any subsequent C-H amination. However, when a weak C-H bond is appended to the imido moiety, as in the case of (4-azido-4-methylpentyl)benzene, intramolecular C-H amination kinetically outcompetes formation of the corresponding tetrazene species to generate 2,2-dimethyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine in a catalytic fashion without requiring product sequestration. The imido (ArL)Co(NAd) exists in equilibrium in the presence of pyridine with a four-coordinate cobalt imido (ArL)Co(NAd)(py) ( Ka = 8.04 M-1), as determined by 1H NMR titration experiments. Kinetic studies revealed that pyridine binding slows down the formation of the tetrazido complex by blocking azide coordination to the CoIII imido. Further, (ArL)Co(NR)(py) displays enhanced C-H amination reactivity compared to that of the pyridine-free complex, enabling higher catalytic turnover numbers under milder conditions. The mechanism of C-H amination was probed via kinetic isotope effect experiments [ kH/ kD = 10.2(9)] and initial rate analysis with para-substituted azides, suggesting a two-step radical pathway. Lastly, the enhanced reactivity of (ArL)Co(NR)(py) can be correlated to a higher spin-state population, resulting in a decreased crystal field due to a geometry change upon pyridine coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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70
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van Leest NP, Grooten L, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Uncatalyzed Oxidative C-H Amination of 9,10-Dihydro-9-Heteroanthracenes: A Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:5987-5993. [PMID: 30793814 PMCID: PMC6563809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the one‐step C−H amination of xanthene and thioxanthene with sulfonamides is reported, without the need for any metal catalyst. A benzoquinone was employed as a hydride (or two‐electron and one‐proton) acceptor. Moreover, a previously unknown and uncatalyzed reaction between iminoiodanes and xanthene, thioxanthene and dihydroacridines (9,10‐dihydro‐9‐heteroanthracenes or dihydroheteroanthracenes) is disclosed. The reactions proceed through hydride transfer from the heteroarene substrate to the iminoiodane or benzoquinone, followed by conjugate addition of the sulfonamide to the oxidized heteroaromatic compounds. These findings may have important mechanistic implications for metal‐catalyzed C−H amination processes involving nitrene transfer from iminoiodanes to dihydroheteroanthracenes. Due to the weak C−H bond, xanthene is an often‐employed substrate in mechanistic studies of C−H amination reactions, which are generally proposed to proceed via metal‐catalyzed nitrene insertion, especially for reactions involving nitrene or imido complexes that are less reactive (i.e., less strongly oxidizing). However, these substrates clearly undergo non‐catalyzed (proton‐coupled) redox coupling with amines, thus providing alternative pathways to the widely assumed metal‐catalyzed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas P van Leest
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Grooten
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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71
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Lankelma M, Olivares AM, de Bruin B. [Co(TPP)]-Catalyzed Formation of Substituted Piperidines. Chemistry 2019; 25:5658-5663. [PMID: 30844097 PMCID: PMC6563703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radical cyclization via cobalt(III)-carbene radical intermediates is a powerful method for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic structures. Building on the recently reported synthesis of five-membered N-heterocyclic pyrrolidines catalyzed by CoII porphyrins, the [Co(TPP)]-catalyzed formation of useful six-membered N-heterocyclic piperidines directly from linear aldehydes is presented herein. The piperidines were obtained in overall high yields, with linear alkenes being formed as side products in small amounts. A DFT study was performed to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of the cobalt(II)-porphyrin-catalyzed formation of pyrrolidines, piperidines, and linear alkenes. The calculations showed that the alkenes are unlikely to be formed through an expected 1,2-hydrogen-atom transfer to the carbene carbon. Instead, the calculations were consistent with a pathway involving benzyl-radical formation followed by radical-rebound ring closure to form the piperidines. Competitive 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer from the β-position to the benzyl radical explained the formation of linear alkenes as side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lankelma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Homogeneous, Supramolecular & Bio-Inspired CatalysisUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Astrid M. Olivares
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Rochester404 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627-0216USA
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Homogeneous, Supramolecular & Bio-Inspired CatalysisUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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72
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Zhang Z, Richrath RB, Gansäuer A. Merging Catalysis in Single Electron Steps with Photoredox Catalysis—Efficient and Sustainable Radical Chemistry. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruben B. Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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73
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Zhao X, Liang S, Fan X, Yang T, Yu W. Iron-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination of α-Azidyl Amides. Org Lett 2019; 21:1559-1563. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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74
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van der Vlugt JI. Radical-Type Reactivity and Catalysis by Single-Electron Transfer to or from Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:2651-2662. [PMID: 30084211 PMCID: PMC6471147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ligand-based redox-activity and chemical non-innocence are rapidly gaining importance for selective (catalytic) processes. This Concept aims to provide an overview of the progress regarding ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer as a relatively new mode of operation to exploit ligand-centered reactivity and catalysis based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bio-Inspired Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Groupvan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamNetherlands
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75
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Qin J, Zhou Z, Cui T, Hemming M, Meggers E. Enantioselective intramolecular C-H amination of aliphatic azides by dual ruthenium and phosphine catalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3202-3207. [PMID: 30996902 PMCID: PMC6429596 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining a chiral-at-metal ruthenium catalyst with catalytic amounts of tris(p-fluorophenyl)phosphine (both 1 mol%), the challenging catalytic enantioselective ring-closing C(sp3)-H amination of unactivated aliphatic azides has been achieved with high enantioselectivities.
The catalytic enantioselective intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination of aliphatic azides represents an efficient method for constructing chiral saturated cyclic amines which constitute a prominent structural motif in bioactive compounds. We report a dual catalytic system involving a chiral-at-metal bis(pyridyl-NHC) ruthenium complex and tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine (both 1 mol%), which facilitates the cyclization of aliphatic azides to chiral α-aryl pyrrolidines with enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee, including a pyrrolidine which can be converted to the anti-tumor alkaloid (R)-(+)-crispine. Mechanistically, the phosphine activates the organic azide to form an intermediate iminophosphorane and transfers the nitrene unit to the ruthenium providing an imido ruthenium intermediate which engages in the highly stereocontrolled C–H amination. This dual catalysis combines ruthenium catalysis with the Staudinger reaction and provides a novel strategy for catalyzing enantioselective C–H aminations of unactivated aliphatic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Tianjiao Cui
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Marcel Hemming
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 , 35043 Marburg , Germany .
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76
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Dey S, Wayland BB, Zdilla MJ. Solution and Solid State Properties for Low-Spin Cobalt(II) Dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene [(tmtaa)Co II] and the Monopyridine Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1224-1233. [PMID: 30618250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray structure of solvent-free (tmtaa)CoII reveals three different π-π intermacrocyclic interactions between tmtaa units (tmtaa = dibenzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene). Pairs of inequivalent (tmtaa)CoII units in the unit cell link into a one-dimensional π-π stacked array in the solid state. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) studies from 300 to 2 K reveal the effects of intermolecular interactions between (tmtaa)CoII units in the solid state. The effective magnetic moment per CoII center is constant at 2.83 μB from 300 to 100 K and begins to significantly decrease at lower temperatures. The magnetic data are fit to a singlet ( S = 0) ground state with a triplet ( S = 1) excited state that is 13 cm-1 higher in energy (-2 J = 13 cm-1). Toluene solutions of (tmtaa)CoII have 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) paramagnetic shifts, a solution-phase magnetic moment μeff (295 K) of 2.1 μB, and toluene glass electron paramagnetic resonance spectra that are most consistent with a low-spin ( S = 1/2) CoII with the unpaired electron located in the d yz orbital. Pyridine interacts with (tmtaa)CoII to form a five-coordinate monopyridine complex in which the unpaired electron is in the d z2 orbital. The five-coordinate complex has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the equilibrium constant for pyridine binding at 295 K has been evaluated by both electronic and 1H NMR spectra. Density functional theory computation using the UB3LYP hybrid functional places the unpaired electron for (tmtaa)CoII in the d yz orbital and that for the monopyridine complex in the d z2 orbital, consistent with spectroscopic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 Northy 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Bradford B Wayland
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 Northy 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 Northy 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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77
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Zhou Z, Chen S, Qin J, Nie X, Zheng X, Harms K, Riedel R, Houk KN, Meggers E. Catalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular C(sp
3
)−H Amination of 2‐Azidoacetamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1088-1093. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Jie Qin
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xin Nie
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Radostan Riedel
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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78
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Kielmann M, Senge MO. Molecular Engineering of Free-Base Porphyrins as Ligands-The N-H⋅⋅⋅X Binding Motif in Tetrapyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:418-441. [PMID: 30067890 PMCID: PMC6391963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The core N-H units of planar porphyrins are often inaccessible to forming hydrogen-bonding complexes with acceptor molecules. This is due to the fact that the amine moieties are "shielded" by the macrocyclic system, impeding the formation of intermolecular H-bonds. However, methods exist to modulate the tetrapyrrole conformations and to reshape the vector of N-H orientation outwards, thus increasing their availability and reactivity. Strategies include the use of porpho(di)methenes and phlorins (calixphyrins), as well as saddle-distorted porphyrins. The former form cavities due to interruption of the aromatic system. The latter are highly basic systems and capable of binding anions and neutral molecules via N-H⋅⋅⋅X-type H-bonds. This Review discusses the role of porphyrin(oid) ligands in various coordination-type complexes, means to access the core for hydrogen bonding, the concept of conformational control, and emerging applications, such as organocatalysis and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
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79
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Cobalt-catalysed unactivated C(sp 3)–H amination: two-state reactivity and multi-reference electronic character. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable two-state reactivity scenario and an unusual multi-reference character have been computationally found in Co-catalysed C(sp3)–H amination. In addition, the investigation on the additive, aminating reagent, metal center, and auxiliary ligand provides implications for development of new catalytic C–H functionalization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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80
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Zhou Z, Chen S, Qin J, Nie X, Zheng X, Harms K, Riedel R, Houk KN, Meggers E. Catalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular C(sp
3
)−H Amination of 2‐Azidoacetamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Jie Qin
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xin Nie
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Radostan Riedel
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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81
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16837-16841. [PMID: 30347505 PMCID: PMC6339699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new catalytic radical system involving CoII -based metalloradical catalysis is effective in activating sulfamoyl azides for enantioselective radical 1,6-amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds, affording six-membered chiral heterocyclic sulfamides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The CoII -catalyzed C-H amination features an unusual degree of functional-group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The unique reactivity and stereoselectivity is attributed to the underlying stepwise radical pathway. The resulting optically active cyclic sulfamides can be readily converted into synthetically useful chiral 1,3-diamine derivatives without loss in enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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82
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Shimbayashi T, Sasakura K, Eguchi A, Okamoto K, Ohe K. Recent Progress on Cyclic Nitrenoid Precursors in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene-Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 25:3156-3180. [PMID: 30183111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrene-transfer reactions are powerful synthetic tools for the direct incorporation of nitrogen atoms into organic molecules. The discovery of novel nitrene-transfer reactions has been dominantly supported not only by improvements in transition-metal catalysts but also by the employment of novel precursors of nitrenoids. Since pioneering work involving the use of organic azides and iminoiodinanes as practical synthetic tools for nitrogen-containing compounds was reported, a new approach using various N-heterocycles containing strain energy or a weak bond has emerged. In this review, we briefly summarize the history of nitrene-transfer chemistry from the viewpoint of its precursors. In particular, the use of N-heterocycles such as 2H-azirines, 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones, isoxazol-5(4H)-ones, and isoxazoles is comprehensively described, showing the recent remarkable progress in this chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimbayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Eguchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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83
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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84
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Li C, Lang K, Lu H, Hu Y, Cui X, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Catalytic Radical Process for Enantioselective Amination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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85
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Kielmann M, Senge MO. Molekulares Engineering freier Porphyrinbasen als Liganden - das N-H⋅⋅⋅X-Bindungsmotiv in Tetrapyrrolen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of Chemistry; SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Irland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry; SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Irland
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86
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Azek E, Khalifa M, Bartholoméüs J, Ernzerhof M, Lebel H. Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed C-H aminations using N-mesyloxycarbamates: reaction pathway and by-product formation. Chem Sci 2018; 10:718-729. [PMID: 30746107 PMCID: PMC6340404 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DFT study to elucidate the mechanism of Rh-catalyzed C–H aminations with N-mesyloxycarbamates and the pathway by which by-products formed.
N-Mesyloxycarbamates are practical nitrene precursors that undergo C–H amination reactions in the presence of rhodium dimer catalysts. Under these conditions, both oxazolidinones and chiral amines have been prepared in a highly efficient manner. Given the elevated reactivity of the intermediates involved in the catalytic cycle, mechanistic details have remained hypothetical, relying on indirect experiments. Herein a density functional theory (DFT) study is presented to validate the catalytic cycle of the rhodium-catalyzed C–H amination with N-mesyloxycarbamates. A concerted pathway involving Rh–nitrene species that undergoes C–H insertion is found to be favored over a stepwise C–N bond formation manifold. Density functional calculations and kinetic studies suggest that the rate-limiting step is the C–H insertion process rather than the formation of Rh–nitrene species. In addition, these studies provide mechanistic details about competitive by-product formation, resulting from an intermolecular reaction between the Rh–nitrene species and the N-mesyloxycarbamate anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Azek
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C3J7 .
| | - Maroua Khalifa
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C3J7 .
| | - Johan Bartholoméüs
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C3J7 .
| | - Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C3J7 .
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C3J7 .
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87
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Wu X, Wen X, Li J. The mechanism and origin of the regioselectivity of cobalt-catalyzed annulation of allenes with benzamide: a computational study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13592-13601. [PMID: 30206591 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrimurtulu et al. recently reported unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed annulation of allenes with benzamide (N. Thrimurtulu, A. Dey, D. Maiti, C. M. R. Volla, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2016, 55, 12361-12365). In this reaction, the substituent on the allene controls the regioselectivity for the formation of either dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one or isoquinolin-1(2H)-one. In the present study, density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the detailed reaction mechanism and the origin of the experimentally observed regioselectivity. A systematic search shows that the electronic and steric effects of the substituent on the allene determine which of the two allene insertions is followed, and thus determine the regioselectivity. The bulky diphenylphosphonate and two phenyl substituents of the allenylphosphonate and diarylallene favor C1[double bond, length as m-dash]C2 insertion, which eventually leads to the formation of isoquinolin-1(2H)-one. In contrast, for the arylallene, which has a relatively electron-rich C2[double bond, length as m-dash]C3 bond, C2[double bond, length as m-dash]C3 insertion is favored and eventually leads to the formation of dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one. The calculations also explain why annulation rather than hydroarylation of benzamide with allenylphosphonate occurs with a cobalt catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Huangpu Road West 601, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China.
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88
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Shing KP, Liu Y, Cao B, Chang XY, You T, Che CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron(III) Porphyrin-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3
)-H Amination of Alkyl Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Pan Shing
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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89
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Shing KP, Liu Y, Cao B, Chang XY, You T, Che CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron(III) Porphyrin-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3
)-H Amination of Alkyl Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11947-11951. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Pan Shing
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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90
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Prasanthi AVG, Begum S, Srivastava HK, Tiwari SK, Singh R. Iron-Catalyzed Arene C–H Amidation Using Functionalized Hydroxyl Amines at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. G. Prasanthi
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Samiyara Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Tiwari
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Ritesh Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh-229010, India
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
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91
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Bentley KW, Dummit KA, Van Humbeck JF. A highly site-selective radical sp 3 C-H amination of azaheterocycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6440-6445. [PMID: 30310574 PMCID: PMC6115697 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the development of a novel C-H amination strategy using both a Cu(ii) Lewis acid and an organic hydrogen atom transfer catalyst to activate benzylic C-H bonds adjacent to aromatic N-heterocycles. This simple methodology demonstrates very high selectivity towards azaheterocycles without using exogenous directing groups and affords excellent site selectivity in substrates with more than one reactive position. A wide range of heterocyclic structures not compatible with previously reported catalytic systems have proven to be amenable to this approach. Mechanistic investigations strongly support a radical-mediated H-atom abstraction, which explains the observed contrast to known closed-shell Lewis acid catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
| | - Krysta A Dummit
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
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92
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Fujita D, Sugimoto H, Morimoto Y, Itoh S. Noninnocent Ligand in Rhodium(III)-Complex-Catalyzed C–H Bond Amination with Tosyl Azide. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9738-9747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Fujita
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuma Morimoto
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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93
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Chirila A, Brands MB, de Bruin B. Mechanistic investigations into the cyclopropanation of electron-deficient alkenes with ethyl diazoacetate using [Co(MeTAA)]. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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94
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Kinauer M, Diefenbach M, Bamberger H, Demeshko S, Reijerse EJ, Volkmann C, Würtele C, van Slageren J, de Bruin B, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. An iridium(iii/iv/v) redox series featuring a terminal imido complex with triplet ground state. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4325-4332. [PMID: 29780564 PMCID: PMC5944377 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An iridium(iii–v) imido series has been isolated that features an iridium complex with an unprecedented triplet ground state.
The iridium(iii/iv/v) imido redox series [Ir(NtBu){N(CHCHPtBu2)2}]0/+/2+ was synthesized and examined spectroscopically, magnetically, crystallographically and computationally. The monocationic iridium(iv) imide exhibits an electronic doublet ground state with considerable ‘imidyl’ character as a result of covalent Ir–NtBu bonding. Reduction gives the neutral imide [Ir(NtBu){N(CHCHPtBu2)2}] as the first example of an iridium complex with a triplet ground state. Its reactivity with respect to nitrene transfer to selected electrophiles (CO2) and nucleophiles (PMe3), respectively, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kinauer
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstr. 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany .
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität , Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Heiko Bamberger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstr. 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany .
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Christian Volkmann
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstr. 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany .
| | - Christian Würtele
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstr. 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany .
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS) , University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität , Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstr. 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany .
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95
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96
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Liedtke T, Spannring P, Riccardi L, Gansäuer A. Mechanism-Based Condition Screening for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps by Cyclic Voltammetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liedtke
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Spannring
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Ludovico Riccardi
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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97
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Liedtke T, Spannring P, Riccardi L, Gansäuer A. Mechanism-Based Condition Screening for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps by Cyclic Voltammetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5006-5010. [PMID: 29488673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic-voltammetry-based screening method for Cp2 TiX-catalyzed reactions is introduced. Our mechanism-based approach enables the study of the influence of various additives on the electrochemically generated active catalyst Cp2 TiX, which is in equilibrium with catalytically inactive [Cp2 TiX2 ]- . Thioureas and ureas are most efficient in the generation of Cp2 TiX in THF. Knowing the precise position of the equilibrium between Cp2 TiX and [Cp2 TiX2 ]- allowed us to identify reaction conditions for the bulk electrolysis of Cp2 TiX2 complexes and for Cp2 TiX-catayzed radical arylations without having to carry out the reactions. Our time- and resource-efficient approach is of general interest for the design of catalytic reactions that proceed in single-electron steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liedtke
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Spannring
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ludovico Riccardi
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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98
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Richrath RB, Olyschläger T, Hildebrandt S, Enny DG, Fianu GD, Flowers RA, Gansäuer A. Cp 2 TiX Complexes for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps. Chemistry 2018; 24:6371-6379. [PMID: 29327511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined electrochemical, kinetic, and synthetic study with a novel and easily accessible class of titanocene catalysts for catalysis in single-electron steps. The tailoring of the electronic properties of our Cp2 TiX-catalysts that are prepared in situ from readily available Cp2 TiX2 is achieved by varying the anionic ligand X. Of the complexes investigated, Cp2 TiOMs proved to be either equal or substantially superior to the best catalysts developed earlier. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties pertinent to catalysis have been determined. They allow a mechanistic understanding of the subtle interplay of properties required for an efficient oxidative addition and reduction. Therefore, our study highlights that efficient catalysts do not require the elaborate covalent modification of the cyclopentadienyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben B Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theresa Olyschläger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel G Enny
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Godfred D Fianu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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99
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Goswami M, Geuijen P, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Application of [Co(Corrole)]-
Complexes in Ring-Closing C-H Amination of Aliphatic Azides via Nitrene Radical Intermediates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul Geuijen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost. N. H. Reek
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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100
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van Leest NP, Epping RF, van Vliet KM, Lankelma M, van den Heuvel EJ, Heijtbrink N, Broersen R, de Bruin B. Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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