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Hepatic stellate cells secrete Ccl5 to induce hepatocyte steatosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7499. [PMID: 29760499 PMCID: PMC5951796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of disease severity, starting from pure steatosis, leading to fatty inflammation labeled as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and finally fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known to contribute to fibrosis, but less is known about their function during NAFLD’s early stages prior to fibrosis. We developed an ex vivo assay that cocultures primary HSCs from mouse models of liver disease with healthy hepatocytes to study their interaction. Our data indicate that chemokine Ccl5 is one of the HSC-secreted mediators in early NASH in humans and in mice fed with choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high fat diet. Furthermore, Ccl5 directly induces steatosis and pro-inflammatory factors in healthy hepatocytes through the receptor Ccr5. Although Ccl5 is already known to be secreted by many liver cell types including HSCs and its pro-fibrotic role well characterized, its pro-steatotic action has not been recognized until now. Similarly, the function of HSCs in fibrogenesis is widely accepted, but their pro-steatotic role has been unclear. Our result suggests that in early NASH, HSCs secrete Ccl5 which contributes to a broad array of mechanisms by which hepatic steatosis and inflammation are achieved.
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Ni MM, Wang YR, Wu WW, Xia CC, Zhang YH, Xu J, Xu T, Li J. Novel Insights on Notch signaling pathways in liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:66-74. [PMID: 29501868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by an increased and altered deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that make up excessive tissue scarring and promote chronic liver injury. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal cellular event in the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of liver fibrosis are only now beginning to be unveiled. The Notch pathway is a fundamental and highly conserved pathway able to control cell-fate, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, regeneration and other cellular activities. Recently, the deregulation of Notch cascade has been found involved in many pathological processes, including liver fibrosis. These data give evidence for a role for Notch signaling in liver fibrosis. In addition,more and more date are available on the role of Notch pathways in the process. Therefore, this review focuses on the current knowledge about the Notch signaling pathway, which dramatically takes part in HSC activation and liver fibrosis, and look ahead on new perspectives of Notch signaling pathway research. Furthermore, we will summarize this new evidence on the different interactions in Notch signaling pathway-regulated liver fibrosis, and support the potentiality of putative biomarkers and unique therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Ya-Rui Wang
- TCM Research Institution, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Wen-Wen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Chong-Cai Xia
- TCM Research Institution, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yi-He Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210001,China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University(AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University(AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Song J, Han X, Yao YL, Li YM, Zhang J, Shao DY, Hou LS, Fan Y, Song SZ, Lian LH, Nan JX, Wu YL. Acanthoic acid suppresses lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways in EtOH- and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic lipogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:393-403. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In alcoholic liver disease, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are major stimulation factors of hepatic lipogenesis. Our objective was to determine the protective mechanism of acanthoic acid (AA) in EtOH- and LPS-induced hepatic lipogenesis.
Methods
HSC-T6 cells were treated with ethanol (200 mm) plus LPS (1 μg/ml) for 1 h, followed by AA (10 or 20 μm) for another 6 h. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with of AA (20 and 40 mg/kg) or equal volume of saline and then exposed to three doses of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) within 24 h. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after the last ethanol dosing.
Key findings
Acanthoic acid significantly decreased the expressions of α-SMA, collagen-I, SREBP-1, and lipin1/2 induced, also decreased fat droplets caused by EtOH/LPS. AA treatment decreased the protein expressions of TLR4, CD14, IRAK4, TRAF3, p-TAK1 and NF-κB increased by EtOH/LPS on HSC cells. Results in vivo were consistent with results in vitro.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that AA might modulate hepatic fibrosis and lipid deposition in HSC-T6 cell stimulated with ethanol combined with LPS by decreasing lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways, and AA might be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Han
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - You-Li Yao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan-Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shun-Zong Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
- Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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Sasaki R, Devhare P, Ray RB, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells activate stromal fibroblasts in a xenograft tumor model. Hepatology 2017; 66:1766-1778. [PMID: 28664988 PMCID: PMC5696059 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes persistent infection and is an increasingly important factor in the etiology of fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, although the mechanisms for the disease processes remain unclear. We have shown previously that HCV infection generates an epithelial-mesenchymal transition state and tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells in human hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated whether HCV-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells when implanted into mice activate stromal fibroblasts. A number of fibroblast activation markers, including matrix metalloproteinase 2, were significantly increased at the mRNA or protein level in the xenograft tumors, suggesting the presence of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation markers of murine origin were specifically increased in tumor, suggesting that fibroblasts migrate to form stroma. Next, we demonstrated that conditioned medium from HCV-infected human hepatocytes activates fibrosis-related markers in hepatic stellate cells. We further observed that these HCV-infected hepatocytes express transforming growth factor beta, which activates stromal fibroblast markers. Subsequent analysis suggested that anti-transforming growth factor beta neutralizing antibody, when incubated with conditioned medium from HCV-infected hepatocytes, inhibits fibrosis marker activation in primary human hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSION HCV-infected hepatocytes induce local fibroblast activation by secretion of transforming growth factor beta, and a preneoplastic or tumor state of the hepatocytes influences the network for the tumor-associated fibroblast environment. (Hepatology 2017;66:1766-1778).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Pradip Devhare
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
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