51
|
Wheway G, Mitchison HM. Opportunities and Challenges for Molecular Understanding of Ciliopathies-The 100,000 Genomes Project. Front Genet 2019; 10:127. [PMID: 30915099 PMCID: PMC6421331 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are highly specialized cellular organelles that serve multiple functions in human development and health. Their central importance in the body is demonstrated by the occurrence of a diverse range of developmental disorders that arise from defects of cilia structure and function, caused by a range of different inherited mutations found in more than 150 different genes. Genetic analysis has rapidly advanced our understanding of the cell biological basis of ciliopathies over the past two decades, with more recent technological advances in genomics rapidly accelerating this progress. The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in 2012 in the UK to improve diagnosis and future care for individuals affected by rare diseases like ciliopathies, through whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this review we discuss the potential promise and medical impact of WGS for ciliopathies and report on current progress of the 100,000 Genomes Project, reviewing the medical, technical and ethical challenges and opportunities that new, large scale initiatives such as this can offer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li L, Cao Y, Zhou H, Li Y, He B, Zhou X, Nie Z, Liang L, Liu Y, Ye L. Knockdown of CCNO decreases the tumorigenicity of gastric cancer by inducing apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7471-7481. [PMID: 30464498 PMCID: PMC6208796 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, Cyclin O (CCNO) has been reported to be a novel protein of the cyclin family. However, the clinical significance and functional roles of CCNO in human cancer, including gastric cancer (GC), remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional roles of CCNO in GC. Methods We analyzed CCNO expression patterns in GC patients. To investigate the role of CCNO in malignancy of GC, we used lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA to knockdown CCNO expression in GC cell lines. Then multiparametric high-content screening and MTT incorporation assay were used to assess the cell proliferation capability. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Caspase 3/7 assays. Furthermore, the effect of CCNO on tumorigenicity of GC was also determined in vivo. Finally, microarray analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which shCCNO inhibited the malignancy of GC cells. Results The analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed elevated CCNO mRNA expression in GC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemical studies also showed that stronger cytoplasmic staining of CCNO was detected in GC tissues. Downregulation of CCNO in GC cells efficiently, through infection with the lentivirus-mediated specific short hairpin RNA, could significantly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the proliferative properties both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis further revealed 652 upregulated genes and 527 downregulated genes in the shCCNO group compared with control, and indicated that CCNO knockdown could inhibit the malignancy of GC cells through inducing genome-wide gene expression changes. Conclusion Our work is the first to reveal that elevated CCNO expression is closely associated with human GC development and that CCNO knockdown could efficiently inhibit the malignant properties of GC cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Therefore, CCNO could be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis or even as a therapeutic target in human GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, .,Department of General Practice, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Hourong Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Zhao Nie
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Li Liang
- Medical Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Hospital affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Limin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kempeneers C, Chilvers MA. To beat, or not to beat, that is question! The spectrum of ciliopathies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1122-1129. [PMID: 29938933 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are widely distributed throughout the human body, and have numerous roles in physiology, development, and disease. Ciliary ultrastructure is complex, consisting of nine parallel microtubules doublets, with or without motor dynein arms and a central pair of microtubules. Classification of cilia has evolved over time, and currently, four main classes are described: motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 2" structure, and motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 0" structure, which depend on the presence or absence of dynein arms and a central pair. Ciliopathies are inherited multisystem disorders of cilia, and may present with a varied spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes. Motor and sensory ciliopathies were historically considered as distinct dysfunctions of motile and non-motile cilia, but recent data indicate that the classical features of motor and sensory cilia may overlap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kempeneers
- Pediatric Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Paff T, Kooi IE, Moutaouakil Y, Riesebos E, Sistermans EA, Daniels HJMA, Weiss JMM, Niessen HHWM, Haarman EG, Pals G, Micha D. Diagnostic yield of a targeted gene panel in primary ciliary dyskinesia patients. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:653-665. [PMID: 29363216 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of a targeted-exome panel in a cohort of 74 Dutch primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients. The panel consisted of 26 PCD-related and 284 candidate genes. To prioritize PCD candidate genes, we investigated the transcriptome of human airway cells of 12 healthy volunteers during in vitro ciliogenesis and hypothesized that PCD-related genes show significant upregulation. We compared gene expression in epithelial precursor cells grown as collagen monolayer and ciliated cells grown in suspension by RNA sequencing. All genes reported as PCD causative, except NME8, showed significant upregulation during in vitro ciliogenesis. We observed 67.6% diagnostic yield when testing the targeted-exome panel in our cohort. There was relatively high percentage of DNAI and HYDIN mutations compared to other countries. The latter may be due to our solution for the problem of the confounding HYDIN2 pseudogene. Candidate genes included two recently published PCD-related genes DNAJB13 and PIH1D3; identification of the latter was a direct result of this study. In conclusion, we demonstrate 67.6% diagnostic yield by targeted exome sequencing in a Dutch PCD population and present a highly sensitive and moderately specific approach for identification of PCD-related genes, based on significant upregulation during in vitro ciliogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Paff
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irsan E Kooi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Youssef Moutaouakil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Riesebos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A Sistermans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J M A Daniels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke M M Weiss
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric G Haarman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Arbi M, Pefani DE, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. Controlling centriole numbers: Geminin family members as master regulators of centriole amplification and multiciliogenesis. Chromosoma 2017; 127:151-174. [PMID: 29243212 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To ensure that the genetic material is accurately passed down to daughter cells during mitosis, dividing cells must duplicate their chromosomes and centrosomes once and only once per cell cycle. The same key steps-licensing, duplication, and segregation-control both the chromosome and the centrosome cycle, which must occur in concert to safeguard genome integrity. Aberrations in genome content or centrosome numbers lead to genomic instability and are linked to tumorigenesis. Such aberrations, however, can also be part of the normal life cycle of specific cell types. Multiciliated cells best exemplify the deviation from a normal centrosome cycle. They are post-mitotic cells which massively amplify their centrioles, bypassing the rule for once-per-cell-cycle centriole duplication. Hundreds of centrioles dock to the apical cell surface and generate motile cilia, whose concerted movement ensures fluid flow across epithelia. The early steps that control the generation of multiciliated cells have lately started to be elucidated. Geminin and the vertebrate-specific GemC1 and McIdas are distantly related coiled-coil proteins, initially identified as cell cycle regulators associated with the chromosome cycle. Geminin is required to ensure once-per-cell-cycle genome replication, while McIdas and GemC1 bind to Geminin and are implicated in DNA replication control. Recent findings highlight Geminin family members as early regulators of multiciliogenesis. GemC1 and McIdas specify the multiciliate cell fate by forming complexes with the E2F4/5 transcription factors to switch on a gene expression program leading to centriole amplification and cilia formation. Positive and negative interactions among Geminin family members may link cell cycle control to centriole amplification and multiciliogenesis, acting close to the point of transition from proliferation to differentiation. We review key steps of centrosome duplication and amplification, present the role of Geminin family members in the centrosome and chromosome cycle, and discuss links with disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arbi
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.,CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Constitutive Cyclin O deficiency results in penetrant hydrocephalus, impaired growth and infertility. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99261-99273. [PMID: 29245899 PMCID: PMC5725090 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin O (encoded by CCNO) is a member of the cyclin family with regulatory functions in ciliogenesis and apoptosis. Homozygous CCNO mutations have been identified in human patients with Reduced Generation of Multiple Motile Cilia (RGMC) and conditional inactivation of Ccno in the mouse recapitulates some of the pathologies associated with the human disease. These include defects in the development of motile cilia and hydrocephalus. To further investigate the functions of Ccno in vivo, we have generated a new mouse model characterized by the constitutive loss of Ccno in all tissues and followed a cohort during ageing. Ccno-/- mice were growth impaired and developed hydrocephalus with high penetrance. In addition, some Ccno+/- mice also developed hydrocephalus and affected Ccno-/- and Ccno+/- mice exhibited additional CNS defects including cortical thinning and hippocampal abnormalities. In addition to the CNS defects, both male and female Ccno-/- mice were infertile and female mice exhibited few motile cilia in the oviduct. Our results further establish CCNO as an important gene for normal development and suggest that heterozygous CCNO mutations could underlie hydrocephalus or diminished fertility in some human patients.
Collapse
|
57
|
Al Jord A, Shihavuddin A, Servignat d'Aout R, Faucourt M, Genovesio A, Karaiskou A, Sobczak-Thépot J, Spassky N, Meunier A. Calibrated mitotic oscillator drives motile ciliogenesis. Science 2017; 358:803-806. [PMID: 28982797 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and differentiation depend on massive and rapid organelle remodeling. The mitotic oscillator, centered on the cyclin-dependent kinase 1-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (CDK1-APC/C) axis, spatiotemporally coordinates this reorganization in dividing cells. Here we discovered that nondividing cells could also implement this mitotic clocklike regulatory circuit to orchestrate subcellular reorganization associated with differentiation. We probed centriole amplification in differentiating mouse-brain multiciliated cells. These postmitotic progenitors fine-tuned mitotic oscillator activity to drive the orderly progression of centriole production, maturation, and motile ciliation while avoiding the mitosis commitment threshold. Insufficient CDK1 activity hindered differentiation, whereas excessive activity accelerated differentiation yet drove postmitotic progenitors into mitosis. Thus, postmitotic cells can redeploy and calibrate the mitotic oscillator to uncouple cytoplasmic from nuclear dynamics for organelle remodeling associated with differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al Jord
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Asm Shihavuddin
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Raphaël Servignat d'Aout
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marion Faucourt
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Anthi Karaiskou
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris F-75012, France
| | - Joëlle Sobczak-Thépot
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris F-75012, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris F-75005, France. .,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Shapiro AJ, Leigh MW. Value of transmission electron microscopy for primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis in the era of molecular medicine: Genetic defects with normal and non-diagnostic ciliary ultrastructure. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:373-385. [PMID: 28915070 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1362088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder causing chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. No single diagnostic test will detect all PCD cases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of respiratory cilia was previously considered the gold standard diagnostic test for PCD, but 30% of all PCD cases have either normal ciliary ultrastructure or subtle changes which are non-diagnostic. These cases are identified through alternate diagnostic tests, including nasal nitric oxide measurement, high-speed videomicroscopy analysis, immunofluorescent staining of axonemal proteins, and/or mutation analysis of various PCD causing genes. Autosomal recessive mutations in DNAH11 and HYDIN produce normal TEM ciliary ultrastructure, while mutations in genes encoding for radial spoke head proteins result in some cross-sections with non-diagnostic alterations in the central apparatus interspersed with normal ciliary cross-sections. Mutations in nexin link and dynein regulatory complex genes lead to a collection of different ciliary ultrastructures; mutations in CCDC65, CCDC164, and GAS8 produce normal ciliary ultrastructure, while mutations in CCDC39 and CCDC40 cause absent inner dynein arms and microtubule disorganization in some ciliary cross-sections. Mutations in CCNO and MCIDAS cause near complete absence of respiratory cilia due to defects in generation of multiple cellular basal bodies; however, the scant cilia generated may have normal ultrastructure. Lastly, a syndromic form of PCD with retinal degeneration results in normal ciliary ultrastructure through mutations in the RPGR gene. Clinicians must be aware of these genetic causes of PCD resulting in non-diagnostic TEM ciliary ultrastructure and refrain from using TEM of respiratory cilia as a test to rule out PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shapiro
- a Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital , McGill University Health Centre Research Institute , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Margaret W Leigh
- b Department of Pediatrics and Marsico Lung Institute , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mitchison HM, Valente EM. Motile and non-motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes. J Pathol 2017; 241:294-309. [PMID: 27859258 DOI: 10.1002/path.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non-motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on-going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abstract
Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the reproductive tracts. Their multiple motile cilia beat unidirectionally to remove particles of external origin from their surface and/or drive cells or fluids into the lumen of the organs. Multiciliated cells in the brain are produced once, almost exclusively during embryonic development, whereas in respiratory tracts and oviducts they regenerate throughout life. In this Review, we provide a cell-to-organ overview of multiciliated cells and highlight recent studies that have greatly increased our understanding of the mechanisms driving the development and function of these cells in vertebrates. We discuss cell fate determination and differentiation of multiciliated cells, and provide a comprehensive account of their locations and functions in mammals.
Collapse
|
61
|
Lucas JS, Barbato A, Collins SA, Goutaki M, Behan L, Caudri D, Dell S, Eber E, Escudier E, Hirst RA, Hogg C, Jorissen M, Latzin P, Legendre M, Leigh MW, Midulla F, Nielsen KG, Omran H, Papon JF, Pohunek P, Redfern B, Rigau D, Rindlisbacher B, Santamaria F, Shoemark A, Snijders D, Tonia T, Titieni A, Walker WT, Werner C, Bush A, Kuehni CE. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:13993003.01090-2016. [PMID: 27836958 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01090-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia is often confirmed with standard, albeit complex and expensive, tests. In many cases, however, the diagnosis remains difficult despite the array of sophisticated diagnostic tests. There is no "gold standard" reference test. Hence, a Task Force supported by the European Respiratory Society has developed this guideline to provide evidence-based recommendations on diagnostic testing, especially in light of new developments in such tests, and the need for robust diagnoses of patients who might enter randomised controlled trials of treatments. The guideline is based on pre-defined questions relevant for clinical care, a systematic review of the literature, and assessment of the evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. It focuses on clinical presentation, nasal nitric oxide, analysis of ciliary beat frequency and pattern by high-speed video-microscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy, genotyping and immunofluorescence. It then used a modified Delphi survey to develop an algorithm for the use of diagnostic tests to definitively confirm and exclude the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia; and to provide advice when the diagnosis was not conclusive. Finally, this guideline proposes a set of quality criteria for future research on the validity of diagnostic methods for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK .,University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Angelo Barbato
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Dept of Woman and Child Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuel A Collins
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Behan
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Daan Caudri
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Dept of Pediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Dell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Pediatrics and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ernst Eber
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Dept of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Inserm UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire Hogg
- Depts of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Jorissen
- ENT Dept, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie Legendre
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Inserm UMR_S933, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Margaret W Leigh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Paediatric Dept, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kim G Nielsen
- Danish PCD & chILD Centre, CF Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Dept of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heymut Omran
- Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Münster Germany
| | - Jean-Francois Papon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicetre, service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Petr Pohunek
- Paediatric Dept, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Rigau
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesca Santamaria
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Dept of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Depts of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deborah Snijders
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Dept of Woman and Child Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Titieni
- Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Münster Germany
| | - Woolf T Walker
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Claudius Werner
- Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Münster Germany
| | - Andrew Bush
- Depts of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
Many animal cells assemble single cilia involved in motile and/or sensory functions. In contrast, multiciliated cells (MCCs) assemble up to 300 motile cilia that beat in a coordinate fashion to generate a directional fluid flow. In the human airways, the brain, and the oviduct, MCCs allow mucus clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and egg transportation, respectively. Impairment of MCC function leads to chronic respiratory infections and increased risks of hydrocephalus and female infertility. MCC differentiation during development or repair involves the activation of a regulatory cascade triggered by the inhibition of Notch activity in MCC progenitors. The downstream events include the simultaneous assembly of a large number of basal bodies (BBs)-from which cilia are nucleated-in the cytoplasm of the differentiating MCCs, their migration and docking at the plasma membrane associated to an important remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, and the assembly and polarization of motile cilia. The direction of ciliary beating is coordinated both within cells and at the tissue level by a combination of planar polarity cues affecting BB position and hydrodynamic forces that are both generated and sensed by the cilia. Herein, we review the mechanisms controlling the specification and differentiation of MCCs and BB assembly and organization at the apical surface, as well as ciliary assembly and coordination in MCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Azimzadeh
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7592, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|