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Li W, Xie Y, Sun RWY, Liu Q, Young J, Yu WY, Che CM, Tam PK, Ren Y. Inhibition of Akt sensitises neuroblastoma cells to gold(III) porphyrin 1a, a novel antitumour drug induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:342-9. [PMID: 19550420 PMCID: PMC2720197 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold(III) porphyrin 1a is a new class of anticancer drug, which inhibits cell proliferation of wide range of human cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. However, the underlying signalling mechanism by which gold(III) porphyrin 1a modifies the intracellular apoptosis pathways in tumour cells has not been explained in detail in neuroblastoma cells. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by measuring 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V binding, respectively. Western blot assay was used to detect proteins involved in apoptotic and Akt pathways. In vivo tumour growth was assessed by inoculating tumour cells to nude mice subcutaneously, and gold(III) porphyrin 1a was administrated intravenously. RESULTS This study assessed the antitumour effect and mechanism of gold(III) porphyrin 1a on neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a displayed a growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells effectively in vitro, which was accompanied with release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO and caspases activation. Further studies indicated that gold(III) porphyrin 1a inhibited X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). However, we found that gold(III) porphyrin 1a can induce a survival signal, Akt activation within minutes and could last for at least 24 h. To further confirm association between activation of Akt and the effectiveness of gold(III) porphyrin 1a, neuroblastoma cells were treated with API-2, an Akt-specific inhibitor. API-2 sensitised cells to gold(III) porphyrin 1a-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. CONCLUSION These results suggested that Akt may be considered as a molecular 'brake' that neuroblastoma cells rely on to slow down gold(III) porphyrin 1a-induced apoptosis and antiproliferation. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a is a mitochondrial apoptotic stimulus but also activates Akt, suggesting an involvement of Akt in mediating the effectiveness to growth inhibition and apoptosis by gold(III) porphyrin 1a and that inhibition of Akt can enhance the anticancer activity of gold(III) porphyrin 1a in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
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Gabbiani C, Casini A, Messori L, Guerri A, Cinellu MA, Minghetti G, Corsini M, Rosani C, Zanello P, Arca M. Structural Characterization, Solution Studies, and DFT Calculations on a Series of Binuclear Gold(III) Oxo Complexes: Relationships to Biological Properties. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:2368-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701254s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gabbiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Annalisa Guerri
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Maria Agostina Cinellu
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Minghetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Maddalena Corsini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Claudia Rosani
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Piero Zanello
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CRIST, Centro Interdipartimentale di Cristallografia Strutturale, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Dipartmento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Shen Z, Yang ZF, Gao Y, Li JC, Chen HX, Liu CC, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Luk JM, Sze KH, Li TP, Gan RB, He ML, Kung HF, Lin MCM. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocyte growth factor has antiangiogenic and antitumor cell effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:404-14. [PMID: 18199534 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kringle 1 domain of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGFK1) was previously shown to inhibit bovine aortic endothelial cell proliferation, suggesting that it might be an antiangiogenic molecule. Here, we evaluated the in vivo efficacy of a recombinant adenoassociated virus carrying HGFK1 (rAAV-HGFK1) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a rat orthotopic HCC model and explored its molecular mechanisms in vitro in both endothelial and tumor cells. We first showed that rAAV-HGFK1 treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of rats transplanted with tumor cells. Treatment with rAAV-HGFK1 inhibited tumor growth, decreased tumor microvessel density, and completely prevented intrahepatic, lung, and peritoneal metastasis in this in vivo model. In vitro, rAAV-HGFK1 exhibited both antiangiogenic and antitumor cell effects, inhibiting the proliferation of both murine microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) and tumor cells, and inducing apoptosis and G(0)-G(1) phase arrest in these cells. To our surprise, rAAV-HGFK1 did not act through the hepatocyte growth factor/hepatocyte growth factor receptor pathway. Instead, it worked mainly through epidermal growth factor (EGF)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, with more minor contributions from vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and beta fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)/beta fibroblast growth factor receptor (bFGFR) signaling. In both MECs and tumor cells, rAAV-HGFK1 acted through two pathways downstream of EGFR, namely inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase activation. These results suggest for the first time that HGFK1 exerts both antiangiogenic and antitumor cell activities mainly through EGF/EGFR signaling, and may thus be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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