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Li W, Ren Y, Si Y, Wang F, Yu J. Long non-coding RNAs in hematopoietic regulation. CELL REGENERATION 2018; 7:27-32. [PMID: 30671227 PMCID: PMC6326246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles via tethering with DNA, RNA or protein in diverse biological processes. These lncRNA-mediated interactions enhance gene regulatory networks and modulate a wide range of downstream genes. It has been demonstrated that several lncRNAs act as key regulators in hematopoiesis. This review highlights the roles of lncRNAs in normal hematopoietic development and discusses how lncRNA dysregulation correlates with disease prognoses and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanmin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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52
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Huang H, Sun J, Sun Y, Wang C, Gao S, Li W, Hu JF. Long noncoding RNAs and their epigenetic function in hematological diseases. Hematol Oncol 2018; 37:15-21. [PMID: 30052285 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries demonstrate the importance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of multiple major processes impacting development, differentiation, and metastasis of hematological diseases through epigenetic mechanisms. In contrast to genetic changes, epigenetic modification does not modify genes but is frequently reversible, thus providing opportunities for targeted treatment using specific inhibitors. In this review, we will summarize the function and epigenetic mechanism of lncRNA in malignant hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Huang
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sujun Gao
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
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53
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Tian X, Ma J, Wang T, Tian J, Zheng Y, Peng R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Mao L, Xu H, Wang S. Long non-coding RNA RUNXOR accelerates MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:660. [PMID: 29914443 PMCID: PMC6006856 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long non-coding RNA that has been indicated as a key regulator in the development of myeloid cells by targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells consisting of immature granulocytes and monocytes with immunosuppression. However, the impact of lncRNA RUNXOR on the development of MDSCs remains unknown. Methods Both the expressions of RUNXOR and RUNX1 in the peripheral blood were measured by qRT-PCR. Human MDSCs used in this study were isolated from tumor tissue of patients with lung cancer by FCM or induced from PBMCs of healthy donors with IL-1β + GM-CSF. Specific siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of RUNXOR in MDSCs. Results In this study, we found that the lncRNA RUNXOR was upregulated in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. In addition, as a target gene of RUNXOR, the expression of RUNX1 was downregulated in lung cancer patients. Finally, the expression of RUNXOR was higher in MDSCs isolated from the tumor tissues of lung cancer patients compared with cells from adjacent tissue. In addition, RUNXOR knockdown decreased Arg1 expression in MDSCs. Conclusions Based on our findings, it is illustrated that RUNXOR is significantly associated with the immunosuppression induced by MDSCs in lung cancer patients and may be a target of anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rongrong Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yungang Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China. .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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54
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Targeting the IGF1R Pathway in Breast Cancer Using Antisense lncRNA-Mediated Promoter cis Competition. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:105-117. [PMID: 30195750 PMCID: PMC6023958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway serves as a well-established target for cancer drug therapy. The intragenic antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN, a putative tumor suppressor, is downregulated in breast cancer cells, while IGF1R is overexpressed, leading to an abnormal IGF1R/IRAIN ratio that promotes tumor growth. To precisely target this pathway, we developed an “antisense lncRNA-mediated intragenic cis competition” (ALIC) approach to therapeutically correct the elevated IGF1R/IRAIN bias in breast cancer cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target the weak promoter of IRAIN antisense lncRNA and showed that in targeted clones, intragenic activation of the antisense lncRNA potently competed in cis with the promoter of the IGF1R sense mRNA. Notably, the normalization of IGF1R/IRAIN transcription inhibited the IGF1R signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, decreasing cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation, migration, and invasion. Using “nuclear RNA reverse transcription-associated trap” sequencing, we uncovered an IRAIN lncRNA-specific interactome containing gene targets involved in cell metastasis, signaling pathways, and cell immortalization. These data suggest that aberrantly upregulated IGF1R in breast cancer cells can be precisely targeted by cis transcription competition, thus providing a useful strategy to target disease genes in the development of novel precision medicine therapies.
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55
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Zhang Y, Hu JF, Wang H, Cui J, Gao S, Hoffman AR, Li W. CRISPR Cas9-guided chromatin immunoprecipitation identifies miR483 as an epigenetic modulator of IGF2 imprinting in tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34177-34190. [PMID: 27486969 PMCID: PMC5470959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The normally imprinted insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is aberrantly upregulated in a variety of human malignancies, yet the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation are still poorly defined. In this report, we used a CRISPR Cas9-guided chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to characterize the molecular components that participate in the control of IGF2 gene expression in human tumor cells. We found that miR483, an oncogenic intronic miRNA, binds to the most upstream imprinted IGF2 promoter, P2. Ectopic expression of miR483 induced upregulation of IGF2 expression, in parallel with an increase in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor colony formation. miR483 induced loss of IGF2 imprinting by altering the epigenotype at P2, with reduction in histone H3K27 methylation and a decrease in chromatin binding of two imprinting regulatory factors, CTCF and SUZ12. This study identifies a new role for miR483 in the regulation of IGF2 gene expression through the alteration of the promoter epigenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
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56
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Zhao X, Liu X, Wang G, Wen X, Zhang X, Hoffman AR, Li W, Hu JF, Cui J. Loss of insulin-like growth factor II imprinting is a hallmark associated with enhanced chemo/radiotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51349-51364. [PMID: 27275535 PMCID: PMC5239480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) is maternally imprinted in most tissues, but the epigenetic regulation of the gene in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been defined. To study the epigenetic mechanisms underlying self-renewal, we isolated CSCs and non-CSCs from colon cancer (HT29, HRT18, HCT116), hepatoma (Hep3B), breast cancer (MCF7) and prostate cancer (ASPC) cell lines. In HT29 and HRT18 cells that show loss of IGF2 imprinting (LOI), IGF2 was biallelically expressed in the isolated CSCs. Surprisingly, we also found loss of IGF2 imprinting in CSCs derived from cell lines HCT116 and ASPC that overall demonstrate maintenance of IGF2 imprinting. Using chromatin conformation capture (3C), we found that intrachromosomal looping between the IGF2 promoters and the imprinting control region (ICR) was abrogated in CSCs, in parallel with loss of IGF2 imprinting in these CSCs. Loss of imprinting led to increased IGF2 expression in CSCs, which have a higher rate of colony formation and greater resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in vitro. These studies demonstrate that IGF2 LOI is a common feature in CSCs, even when the stem cells are derived from a cell line in which the general population of cells maintain IGF2 imprinting. This finding suggests that aberrant IGF2 imprinting may be an intrinsic epigenetic control mechanism that enhances stemness, self-renewal and chemo/radiotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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57
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Wang H, Guo R, Du Z, Bai L, Li L, Cui J, Li W, Hoffman AR, Hu JF. Epigenetic Targeting of Granulin in Hepatoma Cells by Synthetic CRISPR dCas9 Epi-suppressors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:23-33. [PMID: 29858058 PMCID: PMC5849805 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR-associated Cas9 system can modulate disease-causing alleles both in vivo and ex vivo, raising the possibility of therapeutic genome editing. In addition to gene targeting, epigenetic modulation by the catalytically inactive dCas9 may also be a potential form of cancer therapy. Granulin (GRN), a potent pluripotent mitogen and growth factor that promotes cancer progression by maintaining self-renewal of hepatic stem cancer cells, is upregulated in hepatoma tissues and is associated with decreased tumor survival in patients with hepatoma. We synthesized a group of dCas9 epi-suppressors to target GRN by tethering the C terminus of dCas9 with three epigenetic suppressor genes: DNMT3a (DNA methyltransferase), EZH2 (histone 3 lysine 27 methyltransferase), and KRAB (the Krüppel-associated box transcriptional repression domain). In conjunction with guide RNAs (gRNAs), the dCas9 epi-suppressors caused significant decreases in GRN mRNA abundance in Hep3B hepatoma cells. These dCas9 epi-suppressors initiated de novo CpG DNA methylation in the GRN promoter, and they produced histone codes that favor gene suppression, including decreased H3K4 methylation, increased H3K9 methylation, and enhanced HP1a binding. Epigenetic knockdown of GRN led to the inhibition of cell proliferation, decreased tumor sphere formation, and reduced cell invasion. These changes were achieved at least partially through the MMP/TIMP pathway. This study thus demonstrates the potential utility of using dCas9 epi-suppressors in the development of epigenetic targeting against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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58
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Jia R, Chai P, Zhang H, Fan X. Novel insights into chromosomal conformations in cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:173. [PMID: 29149895 PMCID: PMC5693495 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring gene function is critical for understanding the complexity of life. DNA sequences and the three-dimensional organization of chromatin (chromosomal interactions) are considered enigmatic factors underlying gene function, and interactions between two distant fragments can regulate transactivation activity via mediator proteins. Thus, a series of chromosome conformation capture techniques have been developed, including chromosome conformation capture (3C), circular chromosome conformation capture (4C), chromosome conformation capture carbon copy (5C), and high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The application of these techniques has expanded to various fields, but cancer remains one of the major topics. Interactions mediated by proteins or long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are typically found using 4C-sequencing and chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET). Currently, Hi-C is used to identify chromatin loops between cancer risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their target genes. Chromosomal conformations are responsible for altered gene regulation through several typical mechanisms and contribute to the biological behavior and malignancy of different tumors, particularly prostate cancer, breast cancer and hematologic neoplasms. Moreover, different subtypes may exhibit different 3D-chromosomal conformations. Thus, C-tech can be used to help diagnose cancer subtypes and alleviate cancer progression by destroying specific chromosomal conformations. Here, we review the fundamentals and improvements in chromosome conformation capture techniques and their clinical applications in cancer to provide insight for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Han W, Li W, Zhang X, Du Z, Liu X, Zhao X, Wen X, Wang G, Hu JF, Cui J. Targeted breast cancer therapy by harnessing the inherent blood group antigen immune system. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15034-15046. [PMID: 28122343 PMCID: PMC5362465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy has attracted increasing attention for its advantages over conventional therapy in specific killing of tumor cells. Here, we attempt to prove a novel therapeutic approach that targets tumors by harnessing the blood antigen immune response system, which is inherently present in patients with breast cancers. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells expressed blood group H antigen precursor. After ectopic expression of blood group A glycosyltransferase, we found that the H precursor was converted into the group A antigen, appearing on the surface of tumor cells. Incubation with group B plasma from breast cancer patients activated the antigen-antibody-complement cascade and triggered tumor cell killing. Interestingly, expression of blood A antigen also reduced tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and tumor sphere formation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cancer cells were paused at S phase due to the activation of cell cycle regulatory genes. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic genes were unregulated by the A antigen, including BAX, P21, and P53, while the anti-apoptotic BCL2 was down regulated. Importantly, we showed that extracellular HMGB1 and ATP, two critical components of the immunogenic cell death pathway, were significantly increased in the blood A antigen-expressing tumor cells. Collectively, these data suggest that blood antigen therapy induces specific cancer cell killing by activating the apoptosis and immunogenic cell death pathways. Further translational studies are thereby warranted to apply this approach in cancer immuno-gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Li SJ, Liu CS, Li HJ, Li Y, Zhou L, Li JC, Chen YC, Su TQ, Yu DH. A novel engineered interferon-α hybrid molecule increases anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin in breast cancer chemotherapy. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:949-958. [PMID: 28677808 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma among Chinese women. Interferon α (IFNα) has been used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer, but its antitumor activity is relative low, which significantly hinders its clinical application. In this study, we utilized a Ph.D.-12 peptide library screening system to identify a short peptide that specifically binds to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. By fusing the MCF-7 binding peptide (MBP) to the C-terminus of IFNα, we constructed an engineered IFNα-MBP fusion molecule (IMBP), and applied this novel fusion protein to the treatment of breast cancer. We found that IMBP exhibited significantly higher activity than wild-type IFNα in inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis. Additionally, IMBP potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin-based breast cancer chemotherapy via the activation of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis pathway genes including p53, p21, CDK2, cyclin A, caspase 9, Bcl-2 and Bax. The enhanced activity of the synthetic IMBP was also associated with the activation of signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway target genes (STAT1, IFIT1, IFITM1 and MX1). This study evaluated the potential value of the synthetic IMBP as a novel anti-breast cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Shui Liu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Qi Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - De-Hai Yu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Pang J, Yan X, Cao H, Qian L, He H, Tian H, Han F, Wang G, Chen X, Zhao Y, Hu JF, Cui J. Knockdown of COPS3 Inhibits Lung Cancer Tumor Growth in Nude Mice by Blocking Cell Cycle Progression. J Cancer 2017; 8:1129-1136. [PMID: 28607586 PMCID: PMC5463426 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPS3 encodes the third subunit of the COP9 signalosome and its aberrant expression is associated with many RITE ("Region of Increased Tumor Expression") genes in lung cancer tissues. To elucidate the specific role of COPS3 in lung cancer, we examined its expression in lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. We found that COPS3 was overexpressed in most of the lung cancer samples examined, particularly in small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of COPS3 protein was positively correlated with the level of Ki-67 cell proliferation index (p=0.001) and negatively related to the degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.012). In a xenograft tumor model in nude mice, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 significantly reduced tumor growth. In lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by upregulating the cell cycle regulator protein P21 and downregulating cyclin B1 and CDK4. These data suggest that COPS3 may promote tumor growth by regulating cell-cycle associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Pang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Pathological diagnostic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71.Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Cao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
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Zakaria Z, Othman N, Ismail A, Kamaluddin NR, Esa E, Abdul Rahman EJ, Mat Yusoff Y, Mohd Fauzi F, Sew Keoh T. Whole-Exome Sequencing of ETV6/RUNX1 in Four Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1169-1175. [PMID: 28548470 PMCID: PMC5494233 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion is the most frequently seen chromosomal abnormality in childhood acute lymphobastic leukamia (ALL). However, additional genetic changes are known to be required for the development of this type of leukaemia. Therefore, we here aimed to assess the somatic mutational profile of four ALL cases carrying the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene using whole-exome sequencing. Methods: DNA was isolated from bone marrow samples using a QIAmp DNA Blood Mini kit and subsequently sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Results: We identified 12,960 to17,601 mutations in each sample, with a total of 16,466 somatic mutations in total. Some 15,533 variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 129 were substitutions, 415 were insertions and 389 were deletions. When taking into account the coding region and protein impact, 1,875 variants were synonymous and 1,956 were non-synonymous SNPs. Among non-synonymous SNPs, 1,862 were missense, 13 nonsense, 35 frameshifts, 11 nonstop, 3 misstart, 15 splices disrupt and 17 in-frame indels. A total of 86 variants were located in leukaemia-related genes of which 32 variants were located in the coding regions of GLI2, SP140, GATA2, SMAD5, KMT2C, CDH17, CDX2, FLT3, PML and MOV10L1. Conclusions: Detection and identification of secondary genetic alterations are important in identifying new therapeutic targets and developing rationally designed treatment regimens with less toxicity in ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
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63
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Wu T, Du Y. LncRNAs: From Basic Research to Medical Application. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:295-307. [PMID: 28367094 PMCID: PMC5370437 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to summarize the current research contents about long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and some related lncRNAs as molecular biomarkers or therapy strategies in human cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Following the development of various kinds of sequencing technologies, lncRNAs have become one of the most unknown areas that need to be explored. First, the definition and classification of lncRNAs were constantly amended and supplemented because of their complexity and diversity. Second, several methods and strategies have been developed to study the characteristic of lncRNAs, including new species identifications, subcellular localization, gain or loss of function, molecular interaction, and bioinformatics analysis. Third, based on the present results from basic researches, the working mechanisms of lncRNAs were proved to be different forms of interactions involving DNAs, RNAs, and proteins. Fourth, lncRNA can play different important roles during the embryogenesis and organ differentiations. Finally, because of the tissue-specific expression of lncRNAs, they could be used as biomarkers or therapy targets and effectively applied in different kinds of diseases, such as human cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningbo University, No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, China
| | - Yantao Du
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Science, No.42-46, Yangshan Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, China
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64
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Wei S, Wang K. Long noncoding RNAs: pivotal regulators in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:30. [PMID: 27999732 PMCID: PMC5153810 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a class of pivotal regulators of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs contribute to the initiation, maintenance, and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the lncRNAs that play critical roles in AML. We first briefly describe the characteristics of lncRNAs, and then focus on their regulatory roles in AML, including the modulation of differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We further emphasize the action of lncRNAs during leukemogenesis by describing how they interact with RNA, protein and chromatin DNA to exert their functions. We also highlight an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of AML. Finally, we discuss the prognostic value of lncRNAs in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Kankan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025 China ; Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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65
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Häfner SJ, Talvard TG, Lund AH. Long noncoding RNAs in normal and pathological pluripotency. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 65:1-10. [PMID: 27438587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The striking similarities between pluripotent and cancer cells, such as immortality and increased stress resistance, have long been acknowledged. Numerous studies searched for and successfully identified common molecular players and pathways, thus providing an entirely new challenge and potential therapeutic angle by targeting cancer cells or a specific stem population of the tumor via pluripotency associated processes. However, these strategies have until now mainly been restricted to proteins. Nonetheless, it has become clear over the past decade that the overwhelming majority of the genome produces noncoding transcripts, many of which have proven both functional and crucial for key cellular processes, including stemness maintenance. Moreover, numerous long noncoding RNAs are deregulated in cancer, but little is known concerning their functions and molecular mechanisms. Consequently, it seems essential to integrate the noncoding transcripts into the picture of the stemness-cancer connection. Whereas a number of studies have addressed the expression of lncRNAs in cancer stem cells, no systematic approach has yet been undertaken to identify lncRNAs implicated in the maintenance of the embryonic stemness state that is hijacked by cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight long noncoding RNAs with shared functions in stemness and cancer and to outline the current state of a field in its infancy, the search for long noncoding transcripts in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas G Talvard
- Dansk Fundamental Metrologi, Matematiktorvet 307, DK-2600, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process in which blood cells are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The regulatory mechanisms controlling HSC fate have been studied extensively over the past several decades. Although many protein-coding genes have been shown to regulate hematopoietic differentiation, additional levels of HSC regulation are not well studied. Advances in deep sequencing have revealed many new classes of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as enhancer RNAs and antisense ncRNAs. Functional analysis of some of these ncRNAs has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic development and disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of functional regulatory ncRNAs associated with hematopoietic self-renewal and differentiation, as well as those dysregulated ncRNAs involved in hematologic malignancies.
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67
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Wang J, Meng X, Chen H, Yuan C, Li X, Zhou Y, Chen M. Exploring the mechanisms of genome-wide long-range interactions: interpreting chromosome organization. Brief Funct Genomics 2016; 15:385-95. [PMID: 26769147 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developments in chromosome conformation capture (3C) technologies have revealed that the three-dimensional organization of a genome leads widely separated functional elements to reside in close proximity. However, the mechanisms responsible for mediating long-range interactions are still not completely known. In this review, we firstly evaluate and compare the current seven 3C-based methods, summarize their advantages and discuss their limitations to our current understanding of genome structure. Then, software packages available to perform the analysis of 3C-based data are described. Moreover, we review the insights into the two main mechanisms of long-range interactions, which regulate gene expression by bringing together promoters and distal regulatory elements and by creating structural domains that contain functionally related genes with similar expression landscape. At last, we summarize what is known about the mediating factors involved in stimulation/repression of long-range interactions, such as transcription factors and noncoding RNAs.
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Antitumor potential of a synthetic interferon-alpha/PLGF-2 positive charge peptide hybrid molecule in pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16975. [PMID: 26584517 PMCID: PMC4653758 DOI: 10.1038/srep16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. Interferon alpha (IFNα) has been used to treat pancreatic cancer, but its clinical application has been significantly hindered due to the low antitumor activity. We used a "cDNA in-frame fragment library" screening approach to identify short peptides that potentiate the antitumor activity of interferons. A short positively charged peptide derived from the C-terminus of placental growth factor-2 (PLGF-2) was selected to enhance the activity of IFNα. For this, we constructed a synthetic interferon hybrid molecule (SIFα) by fusing the positively charged PLGF-2 peptide to the C-terminus of the human IFNα. Using human pancreatic cell lines (ASPC and CFPAC1) as a model system, we found that SIFα exhibited a significantly higher activity than did the wild-type IFNα in inhibiting the tumor cell growth. The enhanced activity of the synthetic SIFα was associated with the activation of interferon pathway target genes and the increased binding of cell membrane receptor. This study demonstrates the potential of a synthetic SIFα as a novel antitumor agent.
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69
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Guo R, Wang H, Cui J, Wang G, Li W, Hu JF. Inhibition of HIV-1 Viral Infection by an Engineered CRISPR Csy4 RNA Endoribonuclease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141335. [PMID: 26495836 PMCID: PMC4619743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial defense system CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has been explored as a powerful tool to edit genomic elements. In this study, we test the potential of CRISPR Csy4 RNA endoribonuclease for targeting HIV-1. We fused human codon-optimized Csy4 endoribonuclease with VPR, a HIV-1 viral preintegration complex protein. An HIV-1 cell model was modified to allow quantitative detection of active virus production. We found that the trans-expressing VPR-Csy4 almost completely blocked viral infection in two target cell lines (SupT1, Ghost). In the MAGI cell assay, where the HIV-1 LTR β-galactosidase is expressed under the control of the tat gene from an integrated provirus, VPR-Csy4 significantly blocked the activity of the provirus-activated HIV-1 reporter. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that Csy4 endoribonuclease is a promising tool that could be tailored further to target HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States of America
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (J-FH); (WL)
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States of America
- * E-mail: (J-FH); (WL)
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Sun Y, Chen X, Sun J, Wen X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Gao Y. A Novel Inherited Mutation in PRKAR1A Abrogates PreRNA Splicing in a Carney Complex Family. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1393-401. [PMID: 26416542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease, characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and cutaneous myxomas, and endocrine overactivity. We report on a Chinese CNC family with a novel mutation in the protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 (PRKAR1A) gene. METHODS Target-exome sequencing was performed to identify the mutation of PRKAR1A in 2 members of the CNC family. RESULTS The proband was a young man with typical CNC, including pigmentation, cutaneous myxomas, cardiac myxoma, Sertoli cell tumour of his left testis, and multiple hypoechoic thyroid nodules. His mother also had CNC with skin pigmentation, cutaneous myxomas, and a cardiac myxoma. Target-exome capture analysis revealed that the proband and the mother carried a novel heterozygous mutation in the exon 6 splicing donor site of PRKAR1A. Sequencing analysis of myxoma messenger RNA revealed that the mutation abrogated exon 6 preRNA splicing, leading to a frameshift starting at Valine 185 and premature translation termination in intron 6. The truncated enzyme lacks the functional cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding domain at the C-terminus, causing PRKAR1A haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS In this study we report on a novel splicing mutation in the PRKAR1A gene that adds to the genetic heterogeneity of CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Cardiogram, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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71
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Wang H, Ge S, Qian G, Li W, Cui J, Wang G, Hoffman AR, Hu JF. Restoration of IGF2 imprinting by polycomb repressive complex 2 docking factor SUZ12 in colon cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:214-21. [PMID: 26407907 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is aberrantly expressed in tumors as a result of loss of imprinting (LOI). Reactivation of the normally-suppressed maternal allele may lead to IGF2 upregulation and increased tumor growth, particularly in colon cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying IGF2 LOI in tumors are poorly defined. In this report, we identified polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) docking factor SUZ12 as a critical factor in regulating IGF2 imprinting in tumors. Human colon cancer cell lines (HRT18 and HT29) show loss of IGF2 imprinting. Ectopic expression of SUZ12 restored normal monoallelic expression of IGF2 in these two colon cancer cell lines. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin conformation capture (3C), we found that the virally-expressed SUZ12 bound to IGF2 promoters, coordinating with endogenous CTCF to orchestrate a long range intrachromosomal loop between the imprinting control region (ICR) and the IGF2 promoters. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 was recruited to the IGF2 promoters, where it induced H3K27 hypermethylation, suppressing one allele, leading to the restoration of IGF2 imprinting. These data demonstrate that SUZ12 is a key molecule in the regulation of monoallelic expression of IGF2, suggesting a novel epigenetic therapeutic strategy for modulating IGF2 production in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, PR China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, PR China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, PR China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, PR China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is characterized by a lifelong balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation into mature blood populations. Proper instruction of cell fate decisions requires tight homeostatic regulation of transcriptional programs through a combination of epigenetic modifications, management of cis-regulatory elements, and transcription factor activity. Recent work has focused on integrating biochemical, genetic, and evolutionary data sets to gain further insight into these regulatory components. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), post-translational modifications of transcription factors, and circadian rhythm add additional layers of complexity. These analyses have provided a wealth of information, much of which has been made available through public databases. Elucidating the regulatory processes that govern hematopoietic transcriptional programs is expected to provide useful insights into hematopoiesis that may be applied broadly across tissue types while enabling the discovery and implementation of therapeutics to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Fischer J, Rossetti S, Datta A, Eng K, Beghini A, Sacchi N. miR-17 deregulates a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism of CBF acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:7. [PMID: 25612891 PMCID: PMC4351976 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-014-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Core Binding Factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) with t(8;21) RUNX1-MTG8 or inv(16) CBFB-MYH11 fusion proteins often show upregulation of wild type or mutated KIT receptor. However, also non-CBF-AML frequently displays upregulated KIT expression. In the first part of this study we show that KIT expression can be also upregulated by miR-17, a regulator of RUNX1, the gene encoding a CBF subunit. Interestingly, both CBF leukemia fusion proteins and miR-17, which targets RUNX1-3′UTR, negatively affect a common core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism that forces myeloid cells into an undifferentiated, KIT-induced, proliferating state. In the second part of this study we took advantage of the conservation of the core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism in mouse and human, to mechanistically demonstrate in a mouse myeloid cell model that increased KIT-induced proliferation is per se a mechanism sufficient to delay myeloid differentiation. Methods Human (U937) or mouse (32D) myeloid clonal lines were used, respectively, to test: 1) the effect of RUNX1-MTG8 and CBFB-MYH11 fusion proteins, or upregulation of miR-17, on KIT-induced proliferation and myeloid differentiation, and 2) the effect of upregulation of KIT-induced proliferation per se on myeloid cell differentiation. Results In the first part of this study we found that stable miR-17 upregulation affects, like the CBF-AML fusion proteins (RUNX1-MTG8 or CBFB-MYH11), a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism leading to KIT-induced proliferation of differentiation-arrested U937 myeloid cells. In the second part of the study we harnessed the conservation of this core mechanism in human and mouse to demonstrate that the extent of KIT upregulation in 32D mouse myeloid cells with wild type RUNX1 can per se delay G-CSF-induced differentiation. The integrated information gathered from the two myeloid cell models shows that RUNX1 regulates myeloid differentiation not only by direct transcriptional regulation of coding and non-coding myeloid differentiation functions (e.g. miR-223), but also by modulating KIT-induced proliferation via non-coding miRNAs (e.g. miR-221). Conclusions The novelty of this study is dual. On the one hand, miRNAs (e.g. miR-17) can mimic the effects of CBF-AML fusion proteins by affecting a core RUNX1-miRNA mechanism of KIT-induced proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells. On the other hand, the extent of KIT-induced proliferation itself can modulate myeloid differentiation of cells with wild type RUNX1 function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-014-0283-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Aberrant allele-switch imprinting of a novel IGF1R intragenic antisense non-coding RNA in breast cancers. Eur J Cancer 2014; 51:260-70. [PMID: 25465188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF1R) is frequently dysregulated in breast cancers, yet the molecular mechanisms are unknown. A novel intragenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN within the IGF1R locus has been recently identified in haematopoietic malignancies using RNA-guided chromatin conformation capture (R3C). In breast cancer tissues, we found that IRAIN lncRNA was transcribed from an intronic promoter in an antisense direction as compared to the IGF1R coding mRNA. Unlike the IGF1R coding RNA, this non-coding RNA was imprinted, with monoallelic expression from the paternal allele. In breast cancer tissues that were informative for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8034564, there was an imbalanced expression of the two parental alleles, where the 'G' genotype was favorably imprinted over the 'A' genotype. In breast cancer patients, IRAIN was aberrantly imprinted in both tumours and peripheral blood leucocytes, exhibiting a pattern of allele-switch: the allele expressed in normal tissues was inactivated and the normally imprinted allele was expressed. Epigenetic analysis revealed that there was extensive DNA demethylation of CpG islands in the gene promoter. These data identify IRAIN lncRNA as a novel imprinted gene that is aberrantly regulated in breast cancer.
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75
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Cogill SB, Wang L. Co-expression Network Analysis of Human lncRNAs and Cancer Genes. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:49-59. [PMID: 25392693 PMCID: PMC4218681 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We used gene co-expression network analysis to functionally annotate long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and identify their potential cancer associations. The integrated microarray data set from our previous study was used to extract the expression profiles of 1,865 lncRNAs. Known cancer genes were compiled from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and UniProt databases. Co-expression analysis identified a list of previously uncharacterized lncRNAs that showed significant correlation in expression with core cancer genes. To further annotate the lncRNAs, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, which resulted in 37 co-expression modules. Three biologically interesting modules were analyzed in depth. Two of the modules showed relatively high expression in blood and brain tissues, whereas the third module was found to be downregulated in blood cells. Hub lncRNA genes and enriched functional annotation terms were identified within the modules. The results suggest the utility of this approach as well as potential roles of uncharacterized lncRNAs in leukemia and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Cogill
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Liangjiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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