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Benedetti R, Dell’Aversana C, De Marchi T, Rotili D, Liu NQ, Novakovic B, Boccella S, Di Maro S, Cosconati S, Baldi A, Niméus E, Schultz J, Höglund U, Maione S, Papulino C, Chianese U, Iovino F, Federico A, Mai A, Stunnenberg HG, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. Inhibition of Histone Demethylases LSD1 and UTX Regulates ERα Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122027. [PMID: 31888209 PMCID: PMC6966629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, Lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) and other lysine demethylases (KDMs), such as Lysine-specific demethylase 6A also known as Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX), are co-expressed and co-localize with estrogen receptors (ERs), suggesting the potential use of hybrid (epi)molecules to target histone methylation and therefore regulate/redirect hormone receptor signaling. Here, we report on the biological activity of a dual-KDM inhibitor (MC3324), obtained by coupling the chemical properties of tranylcypromine, a known LSD1 inhibitor, with the 2OG competitive moiety developed for JmjC inhibition. MC3324 displays unique features not exhibited by the single moieties and well-characterized mono-pharmacological inhibitors. Inhibiting LSD1 and UTX, MC3324 induces significant growth arrest and apoptosis in hormone-responsive breast cancer model accompanied by a robust increase in H3K4me2 and H3K27me3. MC3324 down-regulates ERα in breast cancer at both transcriptional and non-transcriptional levels, mimicking the action of a selective endocrine receptor disruptor. MC3324 alters the histone methylation of ERα-regulated promoters, thereby affecting the transcription of genes involved in cell surveillance, hormone response, and death. MC3324 reduces cell proliferation in ex vivo breast cancers, as well as in breast models with acquired resistance to endocrine therapies. Similarly, MC3324 displays tumor-selective potential in vivo, in both xenograft mice and chicken embryo models, with no toxicity and good oral efficacy. This epigenetic multi-target approach is effective and may overcome potential mechanism(s) of resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-081-5667564 (R.B.); +39-081-5667569 (L.A.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR) Via Sergio Pansini, 5-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso De Marchi
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (T.D.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Ning Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.Q.L.); (H.G.S.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.D.M.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.D.M.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.D.M.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Emma Niméus
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (T.D.M.); (E.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Skånes University Hospital, 222 29 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Banvaktsvagen 22, SE-17148 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Urban Höglund
- Adlego Biomedical AB, P.O. Box 42, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Francesco Iovino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.Q.L.); (H.G.S.)
- Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (C.P.); (U.C.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-081-5667564 (R.B.); +39-081-5667569 (L.A.)
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Ni S, Luo Z, Jiang L, Guo Z, Li P, Xu X, Cao Y, Duan C, Wu T, Li C, Lu H, Hu J. UTX/KDM6A Deletion Promotes Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury by Epigenetically Regulating Vascular Regeneration. Mol Ther 2019; 27:2134-2146. [PMID: 31495776 PMCID: PMC6904668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of the blood vessel system post spinal cord injury (SCI) is essential for the repair of neurological function. As a significant means to regulate gene expression, epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis in SCI is still largely unknown. Here, we found that Ubiquitously Transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX), the histone H3K27 demethylase, increased significantly in endothelial cells post SCI. Knockdown of UTX can promote the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. The specific knockout of UTX in endothelial cells enhanced angiogenesis post SCI accompanied with improved neurological function. In addition, we found regulation of UTX expression can change the level of microRNA 24 (miR-24) in vitro. The physical binding of UTX to the promotor of miR-24 was indicated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Meanwhile, methylation sequencing of endothelial cells demonstrated that UTX could significantly decrease the level of methylation in the miR-24 promotor. Furthermore, miR-24 significantly abolished the promoting effect of UTX deletion on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we predicted the potential target mRNAs of miR-24 related to angiogenesis. We indicate that UTX deletion can epigenetically promote the vascular regeneration and functional recovery post SCI by forming a regulatory network with miR-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Spine Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Huhhot 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, 410008 Changsha, China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
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Garczyk S, Ortiz-Brüchle N, Schneider U, Lurje I, Guricova K, Gaisa NT, Lorsy E, Lindemann-Docter K, Heidenreich A, Knüchel R. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Potential Predictive Biomarkers and Targets of Therapy for Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ of the Urinary Bladder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:323-332. [PMID: 31734230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation after removal of the tumor is the first line of treatment for urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS), the precursor lesion of most muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy fails in >50% of cases, and second-line radical cystectomy is associated with overtreatment and drastic lifestyle consequences. Given the need for alternative bladder-preserving therapies, we identified genomic alterations (GAs) in urothelial CIS having the potential to predict response to targeted therapies. Laser-capture microdissection was applied to isolate 30 samples (25 CIS and 5 muscle controls) from 26 fresh-frozen cystectomy specimens. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 31 genes was performed. The panel comprised genes frequently affected in muscle-invasive bladder cancer of nonpapillary origin, focusing on potentially actionable GAs described to predict response to approved targeted therapies or drugs that are in registered clinical trials. Of CIS patients, 92% harbored at least one potentially actionable GA, which was identified in TP53/cell cycle pathway-related genes (eg, TP53 and MDM2) in 72%, genes encoding chromatin-modifying proteins (eg, ARID1A and KDM6A) in 68%, DNA damage repair genes (eg, BRCA2 and ATM) in 60%, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes (eg, ERBB2 and FGFR1) in 36% of the cases. These data might help guide the selection of targeted therapies to be investigated in future clinical CIS trials, and they may provide a basis for future mechanistic studies of urothelial CIS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Garczyk
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nadina Ortiz-Brüchle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabella Lurje
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Guricova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Lorsy
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Lindemann-Docter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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54
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Schulz WA, Sørensen KD. Epigenetics of Urological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194775. [PMID: 31561442 PMCID: PMC6802188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Karina D Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gažová I, Lengeling A, Summers KM. Lysine demethylases KDM6A and UTY: The X and Y of histone demethylation. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:31-44. [PMID: 31097364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histone demethylases remove transcriptional repressive marks from histones in the nucleus. KDM6A (also known as UTX) is a lysine demethylase which acts on the trimethylated lysine at position 27 in histone 3. The KDM6A gene is located on the X chromosome but escapes X inactivation even though it is not located in the pseudoautosomal region. There is a homologue of KDM6A on the Y chromosome, known as UTY. UTY was thought to have lost its demethylase activity and to represent a non-functional remnant of the ancestral KDM6A gene. However, results with knockout mice suggest that the gene is expressed and the protein performs some function within the cell. Female mice with homozygous deletion of Kdm6a do not survive, but hemizygous males are viable, attributed to the presence of the Uty gene. KDM6A is mutated in the human condition Kabuki syndrome type 2 (OMIM 300867) and in many cases of cancer. The amino acid sequence of KDM6A has been conserved across animal phyla, although it is only found on the X chromosome in eutherian mammals. In this review, we reanalyse existing data from various sources (protein sequence comparison, evolutionary genetics, transcription factor binding and gene expression analysis) to determine the function, expression and evolution of KDM6A and UTY and show that UTY has a functional role similar to KDM6A in metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Gažová
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andreas Lengeling
- Max Planck Society, Administrative Headquarters, Hofgartenstrasse 8, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Contingencies of UTX/KDM6A Action in Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040481. [PMID: 30987376 PMCID: PMC6520694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein X-Linked (UTX/KDM6A) demethylates H3K27me2/3 at genes and enhancers and is often inactivated by mutations in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The consequences of its inactivation are however poorly understood. We have investigated the consequences of moderate UTX overexpression across a range of UC cell lines with or without mutations in KDM6A or its interaction partners and in a normal control cell line. Effects on cell proliferation, especially long-term, varied dramatically between the cell lines, ranging from deleterious to beneficial. Similarly, effects on global gene expression determined by RNA-Seq were variable with few overlapping up- or downregulated genes between the cell lines. Our data indicate that UTX does not act in a uniform fashion in UC. Rather, its effect depends on several contingencies including, prominently, the status of KMT2C and KMT2D which interact with UTX in the COMPASS complex. In particular, we provide evidence that these factors determine the amount of nuclear UTX.
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57
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Natesan R, Aras S, Effron SS, Asangani IA. Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:379-407. [PMID: 31900918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to mitotically/meiotically heritable mechanisms that regulate gene transcription without a need for changes in the DNA code. Covalent modifications of DNA, in the form of methylation, and histone post-translational modifications, in the form of acetylation and methylation, constitute the epigenetic code of a cell. Both DNA and histone modifications are highly dynamic and often work in unison to define the epigenetic state of a cell. Most epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene transcription by affecting localized/genome-wide transitions between heterochromatin and euchromatin states, thereby altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and in turn, reduce/increase transcriptional output. Altered chromatin structure is associated with cancer progression, and epigenetic plasticity primarily governs the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we specifically focus on regulators of histone methylation and acetylation, the two well-studied chromatin post-translational modifications, in the context of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Aras
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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