Retracted : Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 contributes to the development of bladder cancer via regulating miR‐98/STAT3/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway axis

Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 promotes human retinoblastoma progression via sponging miR-140-5p

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16), a long non-coding RNA, was reported to function as an oncogene in multiple cancers. However, its biological function and regulatory mechanism in retinoblastoma (RB) has not yet been revealed. In this study, we attempted to ascertain the biological role and underlying regulatory mechanism of SNHG16 in RB progression. The expression levels of SNHG16 were measured in RB tissues and cell lines. The effects of SNHG16 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were investigated using corresponding experiments. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were applied to identify potential microRNAs (miRs) that could bind with SNHG16. A nude model was established to investigate the effect of SNHG16 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. We found that SNHG16 expression was upregulated in RB tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls. Knockdown of SNHG16 in RB cells significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation, and promoted apoptosis in vitro, as well as retarded tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation illustrated that SNHG16 acted as a sponge for miR-140-5p and regulated its expression in RB cells. Clinical evidence revealed a negative correlation between SNHG16 and miR-140-5p in RB specimens. Rescue experiments showed that inhibition of miR-140-5p partially attenuated the growth-suppressing effects of SNHG16-depletion on RB cells.. Collectively, SNHG16 exerts oncogenic role in RB by sponging miR-140-5p, suggesting that SNHG16 might be a potential therapy target for RB.

Identification of crucial miRNAs and lncRNAs for ossification of ligamentum flavum

The present study aimed to screen crucial micro (mi)RNAs and long non-coding (lnc)RNAs involved in the development of ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) based on the miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous (ce)RNA regulatory network analyses, which are rarely reported. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between 4 OLF and 4 healthy controls were identified using two microarray datasets GSE106253 and GSE106256 collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, followed by calculation of topological characteristics and sub-module analysis in order to obtain hub DEGs. The miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA networks that were established based on their interaction pairs, obtained from miRwalk and starBase databases, respectively, were integrated to form the ceRNA network. The underlying functions of mRNAs were predicted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The present study screened 828 DEGs, 119 DELs and 81 DEMs between OLF and controls. PPI network and module analyses identified interleukin (IL)10, adenylate cyclase (ADCY)5, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, G protein subunit gamma (GNG) 4, collagen type II α 1 chain (COL2A1) and collagen type XIII α 1 chain (COL13A1) as hub genes. The miRNA-mRNA network analysis demonstrated IL10 could be regulated by miR-210-3p, while COL13A1 and COL2A1 could be modulated by miR-329-3p and miR-222-5p, respectively. lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network analysis identified that small nucleolar RNA host gene 16-hsa-miR-196a-5p-SOCS3, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 16-AS1-hsa-miR-379-5p-GNG4, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1-has-miR-181b-5p-ADCY5, rhophilin 1-AS1-hsa-miR-299-3p-WNT7B interaction axes may be crucial. DAVID analysis predicted IL10, ADCY5, GNG4 and SOCS3 were involved in ‘adaptive immune response’, ‘Chemokine signaling pathway’ and ‘regulation of apoptosis’ processes, while COL2A1, COL13A1 and WNT7B may be ossification related. In conclusion, the identification of these crucial miRNAs and lncRNAs may be conducive for explaining the pathogenesis of OLF and provide certain natural, endogenous and nontoxic drug targets for the treatment of OLF.

LncRNA SNHG16 promotes tumor growth of pancreatic cancer by targeting miR-218-5p

Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene (SNHG16) is a novel cancer-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. Nonetheless, the expression patterns, biological function, and potential mechanisms in SNHG16 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain rarely known. An increase in expression of SNHG16 in PC samples against adjacent normal tissues was shown here. Increased SNHG16 was linked intimately to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, distant metastasis, tumor differentiation, and poor overall survival. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that SNHG16 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, formation of colonies, ability to migrate and invade in vitro, along with a lowered growth of the tumor in a mouse model. Mechanistically, SNHG16 might serve as a sponge competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-218-5p, thereby playing a role in regulating the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression, a known direct miR-218-5p target in PC cells. These results provide novel insight into PC tumorigenesis and suggest that SNHG16 could serve as a likely therapeutic intervention in PC.

Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA ADPGK-AS1 promotes carcinogenesis and predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND

Numerous previous studies have revealed that many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and are associated with tumor onset and progression in GC. ADPGK-AS1, a novel lncRNA, has been discovered as an oncogenic lncRNA in pancreatic cancer while its function in GC remains unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The expression of ADPGK-AS1 and miR-3196 was determined by RT-qPCR. The expression of KDM1B was assessed by RT-qPCR and WB. The association between ADPGK-AS1 and overall survival of GC patients was explored using Kaplan-Meier curves. The function of ADPGK-AS1 in GC was examined through CCK-8, EdU, transwell as well as flow cytometry analysis. The interaction of miR-3196 and ADPGK-AS1 or KDM1B was confirmed by RIP, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assay.Materials and Methods RESULTS: ADPGK-AS1 was increased in GC tissues and cell lines. GC patients with an increased expression of ADPGK-AS1 had a poor prognosis compared to those with a reduced expression. ADPGK-AS1 knockdown led to inhibition of GC cell proliferation and migration. The suppressive effect of ADPGK-AS1 silence on GC progression was abolished by KDM1B upregulation.Results CONCLUSIONS: We unveiled that ADPGK-AS1 could promote GC progression via sponging miR-3196 and therefore upregulating KDM1B, providing a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC patients.

CONCLUSIONS

LncRNA SNHG16 sponges miR-98-5p to regulate cellular processes in osteosarcoma

BACKGROUND

As has been illustrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential regulators in the occurrence and progression of human cancers. LncRNA SNHG16 has been identified as an oncogene involved in the progression of human cancers. However, neither the function nor the underlying molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in osteosarcoma has been discovered.

PURPOSE

The aim of the study is to explore the role and molecular regulation mechanism of SNHG16 in osteosarcoma.

METHODS

The expression of SNHG16 in HNSCC tissues and cells was detected by RT-qPCR assay. The biological function of SNHG16 in osteosarcoma was measured by CCK-8, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and transwell assays. The interaction between SNHG16 and miR-98-5p was studied by luciferase reporter and RIP assays.

RESULTS

The ectopic expression of SNHG16 was found in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, which indicated poor prognosis and lower overall survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of SNHG16 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and promoted apoptosis in osteosarcoma. It was demonstrated that SNHG16 directly interacts with miR-98-5p. What's more, we found a significantly negative correlation between SNHG16 and miR-98-5p expression. Finally, rescue experiments revealed that inhibition of miR-98-5p attenuated SNHG16 knockdown-mediated effects on cellular processes in osteosarcoma.

CONCLUSIONS

LncRNA SNHG16 regulated cellular processes in osteosarcoma by sponging miR-98-5p, and SNHG16 may be a new and effective molecular therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

LncRNA SNHG16 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by targeting miR-1301/BCL9 axis

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). Recent studies have reported that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is highly expressed in OS tissues and contributes to the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the oncogenic role of SNHG16 in OS remains poorly known. In the current study, we confirmed that SNHG16 expression was markedly up-regulated in OS tissues compared to paracancerous tissues. The elevated level of SNHG16 closely associated with advanced tumor stages, larger tumor size and more distance metastasis. Furthermore, OS patients with high SNHG16 level had a significant poorer overall survival compared to patients with low SNHG16 level. Knockdown of SNHG16 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of U2OS and MG63 cells. Mechanistically, SNHG16 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by directly interacting with miR-1301 and inversely regulated its abundance in OS cells. Notably, suppression of miR-1301 rescued SNHG16 knockdown attenuated OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. SNHG16 knockdown reduced the expression of BCL9 protein in OS cells. Accordingly, BCL9 restoration facilitated the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells with SNHG16 knockdown. Collectively, these results suggest that SNHG16 is a potential prognostic biomarker for OS patients. SNHG16 promotes BCL9 expression by sponging miR-1301 to facilitate the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells.

Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 16 (SNHG16) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cancer development and therapeutic resistance. However, the role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown.

Material/Methods

In situ hybridization (ISH) staining was performed to detect the expression level of SNHG16 in HCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the level of SNHG16 in HCC samples, adjacent non-cancerous tissues and HCC cell lines. Transwell assay was performed to investigate the migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. Cell viability assays were performed to determine the ability of proliferation and sorafenib resistance of HCC cells.

Results

We found that SNHG16 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines and that it was negatively correlated with survival time in HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that SNHG16 was a significant and independent predictor for the overall survival of HCC patients. Furthermore, downregulation of SNHG16 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that lncRNA SNHG16 could be used as an oncogene to predict the outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma.

SP1-induced upregulation of long non-coding RNA HCP5 promotes the development of osteosarcoma

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are acknowledged as crucial regulators in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we explored the mechanism and function of lncRNA HCP5 in osteosarcoma (OS). At first, five lncRNAs were chosen from GeneCard and subjected to qRT-PCR examination. The results indicated that HCP5 was significantly overexpressed in four OS cell lines. Northern blot assay further proved the higher expression of HCP5 in OS cell lines. To identify the biological role of HCP5 in OS, we silenced the expression of HCP5 in U2OS and MG-63 cells which possessed the highest level of HCP5. CCK-8 and colony formation assay revealed the inhibitory effect of HCP5 knockdown on cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was found to be increased in cells transfected with sh-HCP5#1. Moreover, cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were reversed by the silencing of HCP5. The results of functional assays showed that HCP5 acted as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. Mechanically, HCP5 was found to be activated by the transcription factor SP1. Finally, rescue assays were conducted to demonstrate the function of SP1/HCP5 axis in osteosarcoma. In conclusion, we confirmed that SP1-induced upregulation of long non-coding RNA HCP5 promotes the development of osteosarcoma.

Long Noncoding RNA SNHG16 Promotes Osteosarcoma Cells Migration and Invasion via Sponging miRNA-340

Long noncoding RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) has a key role in a variety of cancer progression. However, the role and mechanism of SNHG16 in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unknown. In this study, we examined the functional role of SNHG16 in OS cells through knocked-down SNHG16 by using siRNA. We found that SNHG16 is overexpressed in OS tissues and cell lines. Inhibition of SNHG16 reduced OS cells proliferation, stimulated apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasion. In addition, SNHG16 reduced miR-340 expression in OS cells. The results showed that SNHG16 involves in the migration and invasion of OS cells through sponging miRNA-340. Together, our data support an important role of SNHG16 in regulating OS cell invasion and migration that highlights SNHG16 may be regarded as a potential target for OS treatment.

LncRNA SNHG16 drives proliferation and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer through modulation of miR-497

Background

Long noncoding small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) has been shown to play an oncogenic role in multiple cancers. However, the biological roles and mechanism of SNHG16 action in the regulation of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles and the possible mechanism of SNHG16 in PTC progression.

Materials and methods

The expression of SNHG16 PTC tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of SNHG16 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. In addition, the regulatory relationships between SNHG16 and miR-497 were explored by luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR.

Results

The SNHG16 expression was upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines, whose expression was positively associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Function analysis demonstrated that depletion of SNHG16 in PTC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration and invasion abilities. Mechanistic studies indicated that SNHG16 functioned as an endogenous sponge for miR-497 to regulate its target genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and yes-associated protein 1 expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-497 antagonized the suppressive effect of SNHG16-depleted cells on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusion

These findings revealed that SNHG16 drived the PTC progression possibly via regulating miR-497, suggesting that SNHG16 might be a novel therapeutic agent for PTC.

CircRNA circRNA_102171 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression through modulating CTNNBIP1-dependent activation of β-catenin pathway

Background

As a type of recently discovered noncoding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert pivot biological functions in diverse cancers. However, the role of circRNA_102171 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been investigated. Our study was focused on the functional investigation toward circRNA_102171 in PTC progression. And we also aimed to reveal its potential molecular mechanism.

Methods

The expression pattern of circRNA_102171 was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in PTC samples and cell lines. Cell proliferation was examined utilizing CCK8, colony formation and EdU incorporation assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI staining and FACS detection. Cell migration and invasion was measured using Transwell assay. Tumor growth in vivo was determined through a xenograft assay. RNA-pulldown, RNA-IP (RIP) and RNA-EMSA were used to analyze the interaction between circRNA_102171 and CTNNBIP1.

Results

CircRNA_102171 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues and cell lines. CircRNA_102171 silencing suppressed PTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion while promoting apoptosis. CircRNA_102171 knockdown inhibited PTC growth in vivo. CircRNA_102171 interacted with CTNNBIP1 to block its interaction with the β-catenin/TCF3/TCF4/LEF1 complex, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Conclusions

CircRNA_102171 overexpression promotes PTC progression through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a CTNNBIP1-dependent way.

Long noncoding RNA MAGI2-AS3 regulates CCDC19 expression by sponging miR-15b-5p and suppresses bladder cancer progression

Bladder cancer (BCa) belongs to a popular urological malignancy and leads to large numbers of deaths worldwide. Recently, emerging evidences indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related with BC occurrence and progression. However, the function of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 remains poorly understood in BC. In this present study, we screened out a novel lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 whose expression was downregulated in BCa tissues. We showed that MAGI2-AS3 downregulation in BCa patients indicated a poor prognosis. Functionally, we showed that MAGI2-AS3 overexpression inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of MAGI2-AS3 suppresses BCa growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MAGI2-AS3 could serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-15b-5p. In the meantime, miR-15b-5p directly targeted CCDC19, a tumor suppressor in BCa. Rescue assays demonstrated that knockdown of CCDC19 restored the proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa cells suppressed by MAGI2-AS3 overexpression. In conclusion, this study identified a novel mechanism that MAGI2-AS3/miR-15b-5p/CCDC19 signaling pathway regulates BCa progression.