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Daniela Ferreira Araújo BENÍCIO, Luciana Oliveira PEREIRA, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da SILVA, Ricardo Bentes AZEVEDO, Ana Cristina Barreto BEZERRA. Culture of human dental pulp cells at variable times post-tooth extraction. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e003. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Leyendecker Junior A, Gomes Pinheiro CC, Lazzaretti Fernandes T, Franco Bueno D. The use of human dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731417752766. [PMID: 29375756 PMCID: PMC5777558 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417752766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp represents a promising and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Many studies have investigated the use of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone tissue engineering in vivo. However, the type of scaffold used to support the proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells, the animal model, the type of bone defect created, and the methods for evaluation of results were extremely heterogeneous among these studies conducted. With this issue in mind, the main objective of this study is to present and summarize, through a systematic review of the literature, in vivo studies in which the efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for bone regeneration was evaluated. The article search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Original research articles assessing potential of human dental pulp stem cells and SHED for in vivo bone tissue engineering, published from 1984 to November 2017, were selected and evaluated in this review according to the following eligibility criteria: published in English, assessing dental stem cells of human origin and evaluating in vivo bone tissue formation in animal models or in humans. From the initial 1576 potentially relevant articles identified, 128 were excluded due to the fact that they were duplicates and 1392 were considered ineligible as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. As a result, 56 articles remained and were fully analyzed in this systematic review. The results obtained in this systematic review open new avenues to perform bone tissue engineering for patients with bone defects and emphasize the importance of using human dental pulp stem cells and SHED to repair actual bone defects in an appropriate animal model.
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Abstract
The craniofacial complex is composed of fundamental components such as blood vessels and nerves, and also a variety of specialized tissues such as craniofacial bones, cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the highly specialized and unique organs, the teeth. Together, these structures provide many functions including speech, mastication, and aesthetics of the craniofacial complex. Craniofacial defects not only influence the structure and function of the jaws and face, but may also result in deleterious psychosocial issues, emphasizing the need for rapid and effective, precise, and aesthetic reconstruction of craniofacial tissues. In a broad sense, craniofacial tissue reconstructions share many of the same issues as noncraniofacial tissue reconstructions. Therefore, many concepts and therapies for general tissue engineering can and have been used for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Still, repair of craniofacial defects presents unique challenges, mainly because of their complex and unique 3D geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Pamela Crotty Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Shuai Y, Ma Y, Guo T, Zhang L, Yang R, Qi M, Liu W, Jin Y. Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:41-52. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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55
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Ginani F, Soares DM, Rocha HADO, Barboza CAG. Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation of cryopreserved adipose-derived stem cells. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 15:334-338. [PMID: 29091156 PMCID: PMC5823048 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082017ao3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation and viability of murine adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from inguinal fat pads of three mice, submitted to cryopreservation in fetal bovine serum with 10% dimethylsulfoxide for 30 days and then thawed and maintained in normal culture conditions. Culture cells were either irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAIP diode laser at zero and 48 hours, using two different energy densities (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2). Cell proliferation was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay at intervals of zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the first laser application. Cell viability and apoptosis of previously cryopreserved cells submitted to laser therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The Irradiated Groups (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2) showed an increased cell proliferation (p<0.05) when compared to the Control Group, however no significant difference between the two energy densities was observed. Flow cytometry revealed a percentage of viable cells higher than 99% in all groups. CONCLUSION Low-level laser irradiation has stimulatory effects on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ginani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Tsukamoto J, Naruse K, Nagai Y, Kan S, Nakamura N, Hata M, Omi M, Hayashi T, Kawai T, Matsubara T. Efficacy of a Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel, SPG-178-Gel, for Bone Regeneration and Three-Dimensional Osteogenic Induction of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1394-1402. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tsukamoto
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Menicon Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nagai
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Menicon Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kan
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Menicon Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maiko Omi
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhide Hayashi
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Division of Medical-Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Huynh NCN, Le SH, Doan VN, Ngo LTQ, Tran HLB. Simplified conditions for storing and cryopreservation of dental pulp stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:74-81. [PMID: 28957734 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to simplify the collection, isolation and cryopreservation procedure of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to ease the establishment of dental stem cell banking. DESIGN Extracted third molars were collected and stored either in growth medium or in gentamicin-saline (480μg/ml) for 6, 9 or 12h. DPSCs were isolated and subjected to cryopreservation by a controlled-rate or rapid freezing method in 5 or 10% DMSO. Flow cytometry and growth pattern of DPSCs before and after cryopreservation were conducted. RESULTS Rate of contamination by which the extracted teeth were stored in control and gentamicin-saline were 9.1% (N=33) and 2.3% (N=43), respectively. Successful cell isolation rate of teeth preserved in gentamicin-saline at 6h (92.9%) was comparable to those of growth media group (90.3%). At 9 and 12h, the rates dropped significantly to 75% and 54%, respectively. Cryopreservation by controlled-rate freezing either in 5 or 10% DMSO resulted in a significantly higher percentage of viable cells than by rapid freezing. Cells conserved by controlled-rate freezing in 5% DMSO showed a pattern of growth similar to control unfrozen cells; 10% DMSO significantly deteriorated the growth pattern of the cells. After thawing, DPSCs conserved by controlled-rate freezing still expressed stemness characteristics, although hematopoietic stem cell markers were slightly increased. CONCLUSION Gentamicin-saline was effective in preserving human teeth for DPSC isolation. Controlled-rate freezing in 5% DMSO gave the highest rate of cell viability. This study simplifies the storage conditions and proposes a simple method for cryopreservation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Son Hoang Le
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Nguyen Doan
- Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Thi Quynh Ngo
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Le Bao Tran
- Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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NURR1 Downregulation Favors Osteoblastic Differentiation of MSCs. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7617048. [PMID: 28769982 PMCID: PMC5523352 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7617048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in human dental tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were classified within MSC family, are multipotent, can be isolated from adult teeth, and have been shown to differentiate, under particular conditions, into various cell types including osteoblasts. In this work, we investigated how the differentiation process of DPSCs toward osteoblasts is controlled. Recent literature data attributed to the nuclear receptor related 1 (NURR1), a still unclarified role in osteoblast differentiation, while NURR1 is primarily involved in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and activity. Thus, in order to verify if NURR1 had a role in DPSC osteoblastic differentiation, we silenced it during all the processes and compared the expression of the main osteoblastic markers with control cultures. Our results showed that the inhibition of NURR1 significantly increased the expression of osteoblast markers collagen I and alkaline phosphatase. Further, in long time cultures, the mineral matrix deposition was strongly enhanced in NURR1-silenced cultures. These results suggest that NURR1 plays a key role in switching DPSC differentiation toward osteoblasts rather than neuronal or even other cell lines. In conclusion, DPSCs represent a source of osteoblast-like cells and downregulation of NURR1 strongly prompted their differentiation toward the osteoblastogenesis process.
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Alkharobi H, Beattie J, Meade J, Devine D, El-Gendy R. Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential. Front Physiol 2017; 8:244. [PMID: 28503150 PMCID: PMC5408163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated dental pulp cells (DPCs) from three healthy (hDPCs) and three carious (cDPCs) donors and shown that compared to hDPCs cells isolated from superficial carious lesions show higher clonogenic potential; show an equivalent proportion of cells with putative stem cell surface markers; show enhanced matrix mineralization capability; have enhanced angiogenic marker expression and retain the inflammatory phenotype in vitro characteristic of superficial caries lesions in vivo. Our findings suggest that cDPCs may be used for further investigation of the cross talk between inflammatory, angiogenic and mineralization pathways in repair of carious pulp. In addition cells derived from carious pulps (almost always discarded) may have potential for future applications in mineralized tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Alkharobi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK.,Department Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Beattie
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Josie Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Deirdre Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia, Egypt
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60
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Conde MCM, Chisini LA, Grazioli G, Francia A, Carvalho RVD, Alcázar JCB, Tarquinio SBC, Demarco FF. Does Cryopreservation Affect the Biological Properties of Stem Cells from Dental Tissues? A Systematic Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:633-640. [PMID: 27982171 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated if different cryopreservation protocols could affect biological properties (Cell survival rate (CSR), proliferation, differentiation, maintenance of stem cell markers) of stem cells obtained from dental tissues (DSC) post-thaw. An electronic search was carried out within PubMed and ISI Web Science by using specific keyword. Two independent reviewers read the titles and abstracts of all reports respecting predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted considering the biological properties of previously cryopreserved DSCs and previously cryopreserved dental tissues. DSCs cryopreserved as soon as possible after their isolation presents a CSR quite similar to the non-cryopreserved DSC. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [10%] showed good results related to cell recovery post-thaw to cryopreserve cells and tissues for periods of up to 2 years. The cryopreservation of DSC in a mechanical freezer (-80°C) allows the recovery of stem cells post-thaw. The facilities producing magnetic field (MF), demand a lower concentration of cryoprotectant, but their use is not dispensable. It is possible to isolate and cryopreserve dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) from healthy and diseased vital teeth. Cryopreservation of dental tissues for late DSC isolation, combined with MF dispensability, could be valuable to reduce costs and improve the logistics to develop teeth banks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Grazioli
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Francia
- School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Jose Carlos Bernedo Alcázar
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Science and Material Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Beatriz Chavez Tarquinio
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Semiology and Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Rodas-Junco BA, Villicaña C. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Current Advances in Isolation, Expansion and Preservation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:333-347. [PMID: 30603490 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with high self-renewal potential that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types. Thus, DPSCs have become a promising source of cells for several applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and stem cell therapy. Numerous methods have been reported for the isolation, expansion, and preservation of DPSCs. However, methods are diverse and do not follow specific rules or parameters, which can affect stem cell properties, adding more variation to experimental results. In this review, we compare and analyze current experimental evidence to propose some factors that can be useful to establish better methods or improved protocols to prolong the quality of DPSCs. In addition, we highlight other factors related to biological aspects of dental tissue source (e.g., age, genetic background) that should be considered before tooth selection. Although current methods have reached significant advances, optimization is still required to improve culture stability and its maintenance for an extended period without losing stem cell properties. In addition, there is still much that needs to be done toward clinical application due to the fact that most of DPSCs procedures are not currently following good manufacturing practices. The establishment of optimized general or tailored protocols will allow obtaining well-defined DPSCs cultures with specific properties, which enable more reproducible results that will be the basis to develop effective and safe therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
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Ginani F, Soares DM, Rabêlo LM, Rocha HAO, de Souza LB, Barboza CAG. Effect of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:598-604. [PMID: 27576361 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1224919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells from the pulp of three deciduous teeth were isolated and characterized to confirm their stem cell nature. In second passage, part of the cells were submitted to normal conditions of cell culture (Control group), while part of the cells were maintained in 10% DMSO diluted in foetal bovine serum and submitted to the following cryopreservation protocol: 2 h at 4 °C, 18 h at -20 °C and then at -80 °C for two intervals (30 days - Cryopreservation I; and 180 days Cryopreservation II). Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h after plating, and apoptosis-related events were analyzed at 72 h. RESULTS All groups exhibited an increase in the number of cells, and no significant differences between the cryopreserved and control groups were observed (p > .05). The distribution of cells in the cell cycle phases was consistent with cell proliferation, and the percentage of viable cells was higher than 99% in all groups, indicating that cell viability was not affected by the cryopreservation protocol throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION The proposed cryopreservation protocol is adequate for the storage of SHED, permitting their use in future experimental studies.
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Reconstruction of Alar Nasal Cartilage Defects Using a Tissue Engineering Technique Based on a Combined Use of Autologous Chondrocyte Micrografts and Platelet-rich Plasma: Preliminary Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1027. [PMID: 27826462 PMCID: PMC5096517 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Developing cartilage constructs with injectability, appropriate matrix composition, and persistent cartilaginous phenotype remains an enduring challenge in cartilage repair. The combined use of autologous chondrocyte micrografts and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an alternative that opens a new era in this field. Methods: At the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy, 11 patients underwent nasal alar reconstruction with chondrocyte micrografts gently poured onto PRP in solid form. A computed tomographic scan control was performed after 12 months. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to investigate difference in cartilage density between native and newly formed cartilages. Results: The constructs of chondrocyte micrografts–PRP that were subcutaneously injected resulted in a persistent cartilage tissue with appropriate morphology, adequate central nutritional perfusion without central necrosis or ossification, and further augmented nasal dorsum without obvious contraction and deformation. Conclusion: This report demonstrated that chondrocyte micrografts derived from nasal septum poured onto PRP in solid form are useful for cartilage regeneration in patients with external nasal valve collapse.
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Liu JA, Cheung M. Neural crest stem cells and their potential therapeutic applications. Dev Biol 2016; 419:199-216. [PMID: 27640086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a remarkable transient structure generated during early vertebrate development. The neural crest progenitors have extensive migratory capacity and multipotency, harboring stem cell-like characteristics such as self-renewal. They can differentiate into a variety of cell types from craniofacial skeletal tissues to the trunk peripheral nervous system (PNS). Multiple regulators such as signaling factors, transcription factors, and migration machinery components are expressed at different stages of NC development. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in various vertebrate species revealed epistatic relationships of these molecules that could be assembled into a gene regulatory network defining the processes of NC induction, specification, migration, and differentiation. These basic developmental studies led to the subsequent establishment and molecular validation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) derived by various strategies. We provide here an overview of the isolation and characterization of NCSCs from embryonic, fetal, and adult tissues; the experimental strategies for the derivation of NCSCs from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and skin fibroblasts; and recent developments in the use of patient-derived NCSCs for modeling and treating neurocristopathies. We discuss future research on further refinement of the culture conditions required for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into axial-specific NC progenitors and their derivatives, developing non-viral approaches for the generation of induced NC cells (NCCs), and using a genomic editing approach to correct genetic mutations in patient-derived NCSCs for transplantation therapy. These future endeavors should facilitate the therapeutic applications of NCSCs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aijia Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Alcohol-induced suppression of KDM6B dysregulates the mineralization potential in dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:111-21. [PMID: 27286573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes, such as alteration of DNA methylation patterns, have been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the effect of alcohol on the maintenance of adult stem cells. We have performed genome-wide gene expression microarray and DNA methylome analysis to identify molecular alterations via DNA methylation changes associated with exposure of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to ethanol (EtOH). By combined analysis of the gene expression and DNA methylation, we have found a significant number of genes that are potentially regulated by EtOH-induced DNA methylation. As a focused approach, we have also performed a pathway-focused RT-PCR array analysis to examine potential molecular effects of EtOH on genes involved in epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes, fibroblastic markers, and stress and toxicity pathways in DPSCs. We have identified and verified that lysine specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was significantly dysregulated in DPSCs upon EtOH exposure. EtOH treatment during odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs suppressed the induction of KDM6B with alterations in the expression of differentiation markers. Knockdown of KDM6B resulted in a marked decrease in mineralization from implanted DPSCs in vivo. Furthermore, an ectopic expression of KDM6B in EtOH-treated DPSCs restored the expression of differentiation-related genes. Our study has demonstrated that EtOH-induced inhibition of KDM6B plays a role in the dysregulation of odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation in the DPSC model. This suggests a potential molecular mechanism for cellular insults of heavy alcohol consumption that can lead to decreased mineral deposition potentially associated with abnormalities in dental development and also osteopenia/osteoporosis, hallmark features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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66
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Multipotent Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: a Literature Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:511-523. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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67
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Viña-Almunia J, Borras C, Gambini J, El Alamy M, Peñarrocha M, Viña J. Influence of different types of pulp treatment during isolation in the obtention of human dental pulp stem cells. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e374-9. [PMID: 26946201 PMCID: PMC4867212 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different methods have been used in order to isolate dental pulp stem cells. The aim of this study was to study the effect of different types of pulp treatment during isolation, under 3% O2 conditions, in the time needed and the efficacy for obtaining dental pulp stem cells. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty dental pulps were used to isolate dental pulp stem cells treating the pulp tissue during isolation using 9 different methods, using digestive, disgregation, or mechanical agents, or combining them. The cells were positive for CD133, Oct4, Nestin, Stro-1, CD34 markers, and negative for the hematopoietic cell marker CD-45, thus confirming the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. The efficacy of dental pulp stem cells obtention and the minimum time needed to obtain such cells comparing the 9 different methods was analyzed. Results Dental pulp stem cells were obtained from 97 of the 120 pulps used in the study, i.e. 80.8% of the cases. They were obtained with all the methods used except with mechanical fragmentation of the pulp, where no enzymatic digestion was performed. The minimum time needed to isolate dental pulp stem cells was 8 hours, digesting with 2mg/ml EDTA for 10 minutes, 4mg/ml of type I collagenase, 4mg/ml of type II dispase for 40 minutes, 13ng/ml of thermolysine for 40 minutes and sonicating the culture for one minute. Conclusions Dental pulp stem cells were obtained in 97 cases from a series of 120 pulps. The time for obtaining dental pulp stem cells was reduced maximally, without compromising the obtention of the cells, by combining digestive, disgregation, and mechanical agents. Key words:Dental pulp stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, isolation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Viña-Almunia
- Cirugía Bucal, Clínicas Odontológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Gascó Oliag 1, E46021- Valencia, Spain,
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AbdulQader ST, Rahman IA, Thirumulu KP, Ismail H, Mahmood Z. Effect of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold porosities on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1300-11. [PMID: 26740503 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215625759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) of different porosities have been widely and successfully used as scaffolds with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, the effects of scaffold porosities on cell viability and differentiation of human dental pulp cells for dentin tissue regeneration are not well known. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds of 20/80 hydroxyapatite to beta tricalcium phosphate ratio with a mean pore size of 300 μm were prepared into BCP1, BCP2, BCP3, and BCP4 of 25%, 50%, 65%, and 75% of total porosities, respectively. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. The high alkalinity, and more calcium and phosphate ions release that were exhibited by BCP3 and BCP4 decreased the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp cells as compared to BCP1 and BCP2. BCP2 significantly increased both cell viability and cell proliferation. However, the cells cultured with BCP3 extract revealed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and high expression of odontoblast related genes, collagen type I alpha 1, dentin matrix protein-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein as compared to that cultured with BCP1, BCP2, and BCP4 extracts. The results highlight the effect of different scaffold porosities on the cell microenvironment and demonstrate that BCP3 scaffold of 65% porosity can support human dental pulp cells differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T AbdulQader
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ismail A Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan P Thirumulu
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Omi M, Hata M, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Kobayashi Y, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Ozawa S, Tanaka Y, Takebe J, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells suppressed inflammation in sciatic nerves by promoting macrophage polarization towards anti-inflammation phenotypes and ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:485-96. [PMID: 27181261 PMCID: PMC4931198 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are thought to be an attractive candidate for cell therapy. We recently reported that the transplantation of DPSCs increased nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DPSC transplantation on diabetic peripheral nerves. Materials and Methods DPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of Sprague–Dawley rats and expanded in culture. Eight weeks after the streptozotocin injection, DPSCs were transplanted into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles. Four weeks after DPSC transplantation, neurophysiological measurements, inflammatory gene expressions and the number of CD68‐positive cells in sciatic nerves were assessed. To confirm the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs, the effects of DPSC‐conditioned media on lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Results Diabetic rats showed significant delays in sciatic nerve conduction velocities and decreased sciatic nerve blood flow, all of which were ameliorated by DPSC transplantation. The number of CD68‐positive monocytes/macrophages and the gene expressions of M1 macrophage‐expressed cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β, were increased in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. DPSC transplantation significantly decreased monocytes/macrophages and tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger ribonucleic acid expression, and increased the gene expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. The in vitro study showed that DPSC‐conditioned media significantly increased the gene expressions of interleukin‐10 and CD206 in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These results suggest that DPSC transplantation promoted macrophages polarization towards anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes, which might be one of the therapeutic mechanisms for diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tanaka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics--Creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:676-85. [PMID: 26699211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the dental pulp, physical or microbiologic, can lead to inflammation of the pulp followed by necrosis. The current treatment modality for such cases is non-surgical root canal treatment. The damaged tissue is extirpated and the root canal system prepared. It is then obturated with an inert material such a gutta percha. In spite of advances in techniques and materials, 10%-15% of the cases may end in failure of treatment. Regenerative endodontics combines principles of endodontics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to provide an ideal treatment for inflamed and necrotic pulp. It utilizes mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, and organ tissue culture to provide treatment. Potential treatment modalities include induction of blood clot for pulp revascularization, scaffold aided regeneration, and pulp implantation. Although in its infancy, successful treatment of damaged pulp tissue has been performed using principles of regenerative endodontics. This field is dynamic and exciting with the ability to shape the future of endodontics. This article highlights the fundamental concepts, protocol for treatment, and possible avenues for research in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
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Regenerative Applications Using Tooth Derived Stem Cells in Other Than Tooth Regeneration: A Literature Review. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9305986. [PMID: 26798366 PMCID: PMC4699044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9305986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth derived stem cells or dental stem cells are categorized according to the location from which they are isolated and represent a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. Originally, as one kind of mesenchymal stem cells, they are considered an alternative of bone marrow stromal cells. They share many commonalties but maintain differences. Considering their original function in development and the homeostasis of tooth structures, many applications of these cells in dentistry have aimed at tooth structure regeneration; however, the application in other than tooth structures has been attempted extensively. The availability from discarded or removed teeth can be an innate benefit as a source of autologous cells. Their origin from the neural crest results in exploitation of neurological and numerous other applications. This review briefly highlights current and future perspectives of the regenerative applications of tooth derived stem cells in areas beyond tooth regeneration.
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Yang KC, Kitamura Y, Wu CC, Chang HH, Ling TY, Kuo TF. Tooth Germ-Like Construct Transplantation for Whole-Tooth Regeneration: An In Vivo Study in the Miniature Pig. Artif Organs 2015; 40:E39-50. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology; College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Matsumoto Dental University; Nagano Japan
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics; National Taiwan University Hospital; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics; En Chu Kong Hospital; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Department of Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Institute of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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Lee HS, Jeon M, Jeon MJ, Kim SO, Kim SH, Lee JH, Lee JH, Ahn SJ, Shin Y, Song JS. Characteristics of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) from intact cryopreserved deciduous teeth. Cryobiology 2015; 71:374-83. [PMID: 26506257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) from cryopreserved intact deciduous teeth with those of fresh SHED. In total, 20 exfoliated deciduous teeth were randomly divided into a fresh group (f-SHED; n = 11) and cryopreserved group (c-SHED; n = 9; stored for 1-8 months). Following thawing and separation of the pulp, the SHED cells were cultured, and the characteristics as mesenchymal stem cells were investigated using proliferation assays, cell-cycle analysis, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays, and flow cytometry analyses. Furthermore, differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo via transplantation in mice. We found no significant differences between the two groups in the proliferation analyses, in the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers, or in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the in vivo transplantation results showed no significant differences in the quantity of bone tissue that formed or in histochemistry performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cryopreservation of intact exfoliated deciduous teeth appears to be a useful method for preserving SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Mi Jung Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jea-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yooseok Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Hata M, Omi M, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura N, Tosaki T, Miyabe M, Kojima N, Kubo K, Ozawa S, Maeda H, Tanaka Y, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Transplantation of cultured dental pulp stem cells into the skeletal muscles ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy: therapeutic plausibility of freshly isolated and cryopreserved dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26345292 PMCID: PMC4562193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells located in dental pulp and are thought to be a potential source for cell therapy since DPSCs can be easily obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Obtained DPSCs can be cryopreserved until necessary and thawed and expanded when needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy. Methods DPSCs isolated from the dental pulp of extracted incisors of Sprague–Dawley rats were partly frozen in a −80 °C freezer for 6 months. Cultured DPSCs were transplanted into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles 8 weeks after streptozotocine injection and the effects of DPSC transplantation were evaluated 4 weeks after the transplantation. Results Transplantation of DPSCs significantly improved the impaired sciatic nerve blood flow, sciatic motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity, capillary number to muscle fiber ratio and intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in the transplanted side of diabetic rats. Cryopreservation of DPSCs did not impair their proliferative or differential ability. The transplantation of cryopreserved DPSCs ameliorated sciatic nerve blood flow and sciatic nerve conduction velocity as well as freshly isolated DPSCs. Conclusions We demonstrated the effectiveness of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy even when using cryopreserved DPSCs, suggesting that the transplantation of DPSCs could be a promising tool for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0156-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tosaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Norinaga Kojima
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Kubo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Tanaka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ducret M, Fabre H, Degoul O, Atzeni G, McGuckin C, Forraz N, Alliot-Licht B, Mallein-Gerin F, Perrier-Groult E, Farges JC. Manufacturing of dental pulp cell-based products from human third molars: current strategies and future investigations. Front Physiol 2015; 6:213. [PMID: 26300779 PMCID: PMC4526817 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal cell-based products have been developed to improve surgical therapies aimed at repairing human tissues. In this context, the tooth has recently emerged as a valuable source of stem/progenitor cells for regenerating orofacial tissues, with easy access to pulp tissue and high differentiation potential of dental pulp mesenchymal cells. International guidelines now recommend the use of standardized procedures for cell isolation, storage and expansion in culture to ensure optimal reproducibility, efficacy and safety when cells are used for clinical application. However, most dental pulp cell-based medicinal products manufacturing procedures may not be fully satisfactory since they could alter the cells biological properties and the quality of derived products. Cell isolation, enrichment and cryopreservation procedures combined to long-term expansion in culture media containing xeno- and allogeneic components are known to affect cell phenotype, viability, proliferation and differentiation capacities. This article focuses on current manufacturing strategies of dental pulp cell-based medicinal products and proposes a new protocol to improve efficiency, reproducibility and safety of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires Lyon, France
| | - Hugo Fabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Degoul
- CTI-BIOTECH, Cell Therapy Research Institute Meyzieu, France
| | | | - Colin McGuckin
- CTI-BIOTECH, Cell Therapy Research Institute Meyzieu, France
| | - Nico Forraz
- CTI-BIOTECH, Cell Therapy Research Institute Meyzieu, France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Mallein-Gerin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Perrier-Groult
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires Lyon, France
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Role of angiogenesis in endodontics: contributions of stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2015; 41:797-803. [PMID: 25649306 PMCID: PMC5223201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed. METHODS A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed. RESULTS Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | | | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Fanganiello RD, Ishiy FAA, Kobayashi GS, Alvizi L, Sunaga DY, Passos-Bueno MR. Increased In Vitro Osteopotential in SHED Associated with Higher IGF2 Expression When Compared with hASCs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:635-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim BC, Kim SY, Kwon YD, Choe SC, Han DW, Hwang YS. Mycoplasma detection and elimination are necessary for the application of stem cell from human dental apical papilla to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Res 2015; 19:6. [PMID: 26331077 PMCID: PMC4552274 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-015-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, postnatal stem cells from dental papilla with neural crest origin have been considered as one of potent stem cell sources in regenerative medicine regarding their multi-differentiation capacity and relatively easy access. However, almost human oral tissues have been reported to be infected by mycoplasma which gives rise to oral cavity in teeth, and mycoplasma contamination of ex-vivo cultured stem cells from such dental tissues and its effect on stem cell culture has received little attention. RESULTS In this study, mycoplama contamination was evaluated with stem cells from apical papilla which were isolated from human third molar and premolars from various aged patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. The ex-vivo expanded stem cells from apical papilla were found to express stem cell markers such as Stro-1, CD44, nestin and CD133, but mycoplama contamination was detected in almost all cell cultures of the tested 20 samples, which was confirmed by mycoplasma-specific gene expression and fluorescence staining. Such contaminated mycoplasma could be successfully eliminated using elimination kit, and proliferation test showed decreased proliferation activity in mycoplasma-contaminated cells. After elimination of contaminated mycoplasma, stem cells from apical papilla showed osteogenic and neural lineage differentiation under certain culture conditions. CONCLUSION Our study proposes that the evaluation of mycoplasma contamination and elimination process might be required in the use of stem cells from apical papilla for their potent applications to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
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81
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Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S, Rattan V. Effect of uncontrolled freezing on biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 16:513-22. [PMID: 25663639 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) hold great promise as a source of adult stem cells for utilization in regenerative medicine. Successful storage and post thaw recovery of DPSCs without loss of function is a key issue for future clinical application. Most of the cryopreservation methods use controlled rate freezing and vapor phase nitrogen to store stem cells. But these methods are both expensive and laborious. In this study, we isolated DPSCs from a patient undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction. We adopted eight different methods of cryopreservation at -80 °C for long term storage of the DPSC aliquots. Various parameters like proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, retention of stemness markers and differentiation potential were studied post cryopreservation period of 1 year. We observed successful recovery of stem cells in every method and a significant difference in proliferation potential and cell death between samples stored by different methods. However, post thaw, all cells retained their stemness markers. All DPSCs stored by different methods were able to differentiate into osteoblast like cells, adipocytes and neural cells. Based on these parameters we concluded that uncontrolled freezing at a temperature of -80 °C is as effective as controlled freezing using ethanol vessels and other cryopreservation methods. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first proof of concept that long term storage in uncontrolled freezing of cells at -80 °C in 10 % DMSO does not affect the revival capacity of hDPSCs. This implies that DPSCs may be used successfully for tissue engineering and cell based therapeutics even after long term, uncontrolled cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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82
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Naddeo P, Laino L, La Noce M, Piattelli A, De Rosa A, Iezzi G, Laino G, Paino F, Papaccio G, Tirino V. Surface biocompatibility of differently textured titanium implants with mesenchymal stem cells. Dent Mater 2015; 31:235-43. [PMID: 25582059 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major challenge for contemporary dentistry is restoration of missing teeth; currently, dental implantation is the treatment of choice in this circumstance. In the present study, we assessed the interaction between implants and Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in vitro by means of 3D cell culture in order to better simulate physiological conditions. METHODS Sorted CD34+ DPSCs were seeded onto dental implants having either a rough surface (TriVent) or one coated with a ceramic layer mimicking native bone (TiUnite). We evaluated preservation of DPSC viability during osteogenic differentiation by an MTT assay and compared mineralized matrix deposition with SEM analysis and histological staining; temporal expression of osteogenic markers was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Both surfaces are equally biocompatible, preserve DPSC viability, stimulate osteogenic differentiation, and increase the production of VEGF. A slight difference was observed between the two surfaces concerning the speed of DPSC differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Our study of the two implant surfaces suggests that TriVent, with its roughness, is capable of promoting cell differentiation a bit earlier than the TiUnite surface, although the latter promotes greater cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Naddeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia e Discipline Chirurgiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gregorio Laino
- Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia e Discipline Chirurgiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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83
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AbdulQader ST, Kannan TP, Rahman IA, Ismail H, Mahmood Z. Effect of different calcium phosphate scaffold ratios on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 49:225-233. [PMID: 25686943 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds have been widely and successfully used with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, it is necessary to investigate the effects of these scaffolds on odontoblast cells' proliferation and differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration. In this study, three different hydroxyapatite (HA) to beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds, BCP20, BCP50, and BCP80, with a mean pore size of 300μm and 65% porosity were prepared from phosphoric acid (H2PO4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sintered at 1000°C for 2h. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability and differentiation of odontoblasts. The high alkalinity, more calcium, and phosphate ions released that were exhibited by BCP20 decreased the viability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) as compared to BCP50 and BCP80. However, the cells cultured with BCP20 extract expressed high alkaline phosphatase activity and high expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), dental matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes as compared to that cultured with BCP50 and BCP80 extracts. The results highlighted the effect of different scaffold ratios on the cell microenvironment and demonstrated that BCP20 scaffold can support HDPC differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talib AbdulQader
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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84
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Osteogenic differentiation and gene expression profile of human dental follicle cells induced by human dental pulp cells. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:93-106. [PMID: 25520056 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) differentiate into cementoblasts or osteoblasts under appropriate triggering. However, the mechanism(s) for osteogenic differentiation of DFCs are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dental papilla-derived human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) on osteogenic differentiation of human DFCs (hDFCs) in vitro and in vivo and to compare gene expression in hDFCs in the presence or absence of hDPCs. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs induced by hDPCs, hDFCs were cultured in osteogenic medium with or without hDPCs-conditioned medium (CM) in vitro and the cells transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficient mice in vivo. The hDPCs-CM enhanced alkaline phosphatase promoter activity of hDFCs in osteogenic culture. The expression of several osteoblast marker genes was increased in hDFCs treated with hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. The hDFCs induced by hDPCs-CM also produced more calcified nodules than hDFCs in normal medium. In transplantation experiments, hDPCs-CM promoted the osteogenic induction and bone formation of hDFCs. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR showed that osteogenesis-related genes including WNT2, VCAN, OSR2, FOSB, and POSTN in hDFCs were significantly upregulated after induction by hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. These findings indicate that hDPCs could increase the expression of osteogenic genes in hDFCs and stimulate their osteogenesis and could be a cellular resource for bone regeneration therapy when induced by hDPCs-derived factors.
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85
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Abstract
Lymphedema is a medically irreversible condition for which currently conservative and surgical therapies are either ineffective or impractical. The potential use of progenitor and stem cell-based therapies has offered a paradigm that may provide alternative treatment options for lymphatic disorders. Moreover, basic research, preclinical studies, as well as clinical trials have evaluated the therapeutic potential of various cell therapies in the field of lymphatic regeneration medicine. Among the available cell approaches, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to be the most promising candidate mainly due to their abundant sources and easy availability as well as evitable ethical and immunological issues confronted with embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this context, the purpose of this review is to summarize various cell-based therapies for lymphedema, along with strengths and weaknesses of these therapies in the clinical application for lymphedema treatment. Particularly, we will highlight the use of MSCs for lymphatic regeneration medicine. In addition, the future perspectives of MSCs in the field of lymphatic regeneration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqun Qi
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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86
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Paino F, La Noce M, Tirino V, Naddeo P, Desiderio V, Pirozzi G, De Rosa A, Laino L, Altucci L, Papaccio G. Histone deacetylase inhibition with valproic acid downregulates osteocalcin gene expression in human dental pulp stem cells and osteoblasts: evidence for HDAC2 involvement. Stem Cells 2014; 32:279-89. [PMID: 24105979 PMCID: PMC3963447 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells, are of great interest for cell-based tissue engineering strategies because they can differentiate into a variety of tissue-specific cells, above all, into osteoblasts. In recent years, epigenetic studies on stem cells have indicated that specific histone alterations and modifying enzymes play essential roles in cell differentiation. However, although several studies have reported that valproic acid (VPA)—a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC)—enhances osteoblast differentiation, data on osteocalcin expression—a late-stage marker of differentiation—are limited. We therefore decided to study the effect of VPA on dental pulp stem cell differentiation. A low concentration of VPA did not reduce cell viability, proliferation, or cell cycle profile. However, it was sufficient to significantly enhance matrix mineralization by increasing osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression. In contrast, osteocalcin levels were decreased, an effect induced at the transcriptional level, and were strongly correlated with inhibition of HDAC2. In fact, HDAC2 silencing with shRNA produced a similar effect to that of VPA treatment on the expression of osteoblast-related markers. We conclude that VPA does not induce terminal differentiation of osteoblasts, but stimulates the generation of less mature cells. Moreover, specific suppression of an individual HDAC by RNA interference could enhance only a single aspect of osteoblast differentiation, and thus produce selective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Istologia (TERM Lab.), via L. Armanni, 5, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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87
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Today prospects for tissue engineering therapeutic approach in dentistry. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:151252. [PMID: 25379516 PMCID: PMC4212630 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In dental practice there is an increasing need for predictable therapeutic protocols able to regenerate tissues that, due to inflammatory or traumatic events, may suffer from loss of their function. One of the topics arising major interest in the research applied to regenerative medicine is represented by tissue engineering and, in particular, by stem cells. The study of stem cells in dentistry over the years has shown an exponential increase in literature. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and characterized from tooth-related tissues and they might represent, in the near future, a new gold standard in the regeneration of all oral tissues. The aim of our review is to provide an overview on the topic reporting the current knowledge for each class of dental stem cells and to identify their potential clinical applications as therapeutic tool in various branches of dentistry.
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88
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Panayotov IV, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Salehi H, Martin M, Végh A, Yachouh J, Vladimirov B, Sipos P, Szalontai B, Gergely C, Cuisinier FJG. Sprayed cells and polyelectrolyte films for biomaterial functionalization: the influence of physical PLL-PGA film treatments on dental pulp cell behavior. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1771-82. [PMID: 25212873 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Further development of biomaterials is expected as advanced therapeutic products must be compliant to good manufacturing practice regulations. A spraying method for building-up polyelectrolyte films followed by the deposition of dental pulp cells by spraying is presented. Physical treatments of UV irradiation and a drying/wetting process are applied to the system. Structural changes and elasticity modifications of the obtained coatings are revealed by atomic force microscopy and by Raman spectroscopy. This procedure results in thicker, rougher and stiffer film. The initially ordered structure composed of mainly α helices is transformed into random/β-structures. The treatment enhanced dental pulp cell adhesion and proliferation, suggesting that this system is promising for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Panayotov
- EA4203 Laboratoire de Bio-santé et Nano-science, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
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89
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Lin SL, Lee SY, Lin YC, Huang YH, Yang JC, Huang HM. Evaluation of mechanical and histological properties of cryopreserved human premolars under short-term preservation: A preliminary study. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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90
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Cryopreserved dentin matrix as a scaffold material for dentin-pulp tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4929-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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91
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Lin SL, Chang WJ, Lin CY, Hsieh SC, Lee SY, Fan KH, Lin CT, Huang HM. Static magnetic field increases survival rate of dental pulp stem cells during DMSO-free cryopreservation. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:302-8. [PMID: 24856869 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.919588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful and efficient cryopreservation of living cells and organs is a key clinical application of regenerative medicine. Recently, magnetic cryopreservation has been reported for intact tooth banking and cryopreservation of dental tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the cryoprotective effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) during cryopreservation. Human DPSCs isolated from extracted teeth were frozen with a 0.4-T or 0.8-T SMF and then stored at -196 °C for 24 h. During freezing, the cells were suspended in freezing media containing with 0, 3 or 10% DMSO. After thawing, the changes in survival rate of the DPSCs were determined by flow cytometry. To understand the possible cryoprotective mechanisms of the SMF, the membrane fluidity of SMF-exposed DPSCs was tested. The results showed that when the freezing medium was DMSO-free, the survival rates of the thawed DPSCs increased 2- or 2.5-fold when the cells were exposed to 0.4-T or 0.8-T SMFs, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, after exposure to the 0.4-T SMF, the fluorescence anisotropy of the DPSCs increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the hydrophilic region. These results show that SMF exposure improved DMSO-free cryopreservation. This phenomenon may be due to the improvement of membrane stability for resisting damage caused by ice crystals during the freezing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Lin
- a Dental Department , Cathay General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- b School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- b School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chih Hsieh
- b School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- b School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsin Fan
- c Dental Department , En-Chu-Kong Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan , and
| | - Che-Tong Lin
- b School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- d Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
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92
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Eubanks EJ, Tarle SA, Kaigler D. Tooth Storage, Dental Pulp Stem Cell Isolation, and Clinical Scale Expansion without Animal Serum. J Endod 2014; 40:652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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93
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Karadzic I, Vucic V, Jokanovic V, Debeljak-Martacic J, Markovic D, Petrovic S, Glibetic M. Effects of novel hydroxyapatite-based 3D biomaterials on proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:350-7. [PMID: 24665062 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the differential capacity of isolated dental pulp stem cells (SHED) cultured onto four different scaffold materials. The differential potential of isolated SHED was examined on the following scaffolds: porous hydroxyapatite (pHAP) alone or combined with three polymers [polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), alginate, and ethylene vinylacetate / ethylene vinylversatate (EVA/EVV)]. SHED were isolated by "outgrowth" method and characterized by the flow cytometry. Viability of cells grown with scaffolds was assessed by MTT and LDH assays. No significant cytotoxic effect of any of the tested materials was shown. Staining with alizarin red and estimated alkaline phosphatase activity to identify differentiation, demonstrated osteoblastic phenotype of SHED and newly deposited and mineralized extra cellular matrix (ECM) in presence of all tested scaffolds. The developed ECM seen at scanning electronic micrographs additionally confirmed the osteogenic differentiation and biocompatibility between cells and materials. In summary, all studied biomaterials are suitable carriers for proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Karadzic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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94
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La Noce M, Paino F, Spina A, Naddeo P, Montella R, Desiderio V, De Rosa A, Papaccio G, Tirino V, Laino L. Dental pulp stem cells: state of the art and suggestions for a true translation of research into therapy. J Dent 2014; 42:761-8. [PMID: 24589847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cells have the ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue. In humans, it is possible to isolate different types of stem cells from the body. Among these, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. In particular they represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. SOURCES An electronic search was conducted on PubMed databases and supplemented with a manual study of relevant references. RESULTS All research described in this review highlight that DPSCs are mesenchymal stem cells that could be used in clinical applications. Unfortunately, very few clinical trials have been reported. Major obstacles imposed on researchers are hindering the translation of potentially effective therapies to the clinic. Both researchers and regulatory institutions need to develop a new approach to this problem, drawing up a new policy for good manufacturing practice (GMP) procedures. We strongly suggest that only general rules be standardized rather than everything. Importantly, this would not have an effect on the safety of patients, but may very well affect the results, which cannot be identical for all patients, due to physiological diversity in the biology of each patient. Alternatively, it would be important to study the role of specific molecules that recruit endogenous stem cells for tissue regeneration. In this way, the clinical use of stem cells could be successfully developed. CONCLUSIONS DPSCs are mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into different tissues, maintain their characteristics after cryopreservation, differentiate into bone-like tissues when loaded on scaffolds in animal models, and regenerate bone in human grafts. In summary, all data reported up to now should encourage the development of clinical procedures using DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Spina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Naddeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Montella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Department of Odontology and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
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95
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Bmp 2 and bmp 7 induce odonto- and osteogenesis of human tooth germ stem cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3016-25. [PMID: 24477555 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initiate, promote, and maintain odontogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we studied the effect of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP 2) and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP 7) as differentiation inducers in tooth and bone regeneration. We compared the effect of BMP 2 and BMP 7 on odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs). Third molar-derived hTGSCs were characterized with mesenchymal stem cell surface markers by flow cytometry. BMP 2 and BMP 7 were transfected into hTGSCs and the cells were seeded onto six-well plates. One day after the transfection, hTGSCs were treated with odontogenic and osteogenic mediums for 14 days. For confirmation of odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation, mRNA levels of BMP2, BMP 7, collagen type 1 (COL1A), osteocalsin (OCN), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition to this, immunocytochemistry was performed by odontogenic and osteogenic antibodies and mineralization obtained by von Kossa staining. Our results showed that the BMP 2 and BMP 7 both promoted odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hTGSCs. Data indicated that BMP 2 treatment and BMP 7 treatment induce odontogenic differentiation without affecting each other, whereas they induce osteogenic differentiation by triggering expression of each other. These findings provide a feasible tool for tooth and bone tissue engineering.
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96
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Ejeian F, Baharvand H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Hedgehog signalling is dispensable in the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:480-7. [PMID: 24353013 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is one of the key regulators in development with a dual role in cell fate specification, proliferation, and survival on different target cells. We have investigated the effect of recombinant sonic hedgehog (r-SHH) on extracted multipotent stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which represent a potential stem cell population for therapeutic applications. Cell proliferation and cycle assays shown that r-SHH did not have a distinctive effect on cell cycle progression, nor did it increase cell number over a wide range of concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) also suggests that r-SHH treatment has no demonstrable influence on expression of proliferative genes (CCNE1 and KI67); in contrast, the anti-proliferative gene (CDKN1A) is overexpressed in response to SHH. Our findings have suggested the possibility that SHEDs demonstrate a different potential from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-BMSCs) and dorsal neural progenitor in response to growth factors such as SHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Martens W, Sanen K, Georgiou M, Struys T, Bronckaers A, Ameloot M, Phillips J, Lambrichts I. Human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into Schwann cells and promote and guide neurite outgrowth in an aligned tissue-engineered collagen construct in vitro. FASEB J 2013; 28:1634-43. [PMID: 24352035 PMCID: PMC4046066 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) toward Schwann cells, together with their functional capacity with regard to myelination and support of neurite outgrowth in vitro. Successful Schwann cell differentiation was confirmed at the morphological and ultrastructural level by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, compared to undifferentiated hDPSCs, immunocytochemistry and ELISA tests revealed increased glial marker expression and neurotrophic factor secretion of differentiated hDPSCs (d-hDPSCs), which promoted survival and neurite outgrowth in 2-dimensional dorsal root ganglia cultures. In addition, neurites were myelinated by d-hDPSCs in a 3-dimensional collagen type I hydrogel neural tissue construct. This engineered construct contained aligned columns of d-hDPSCs that supported and guided neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that hDPSCs are able to undergo Schwann cell differentiation and support neural outgrowth in vitro, proposing them to be good candidates for cell-based therapies as treatment for peripheral nerve injury.—Martens, W., Sanen, K., Georgiou, M., Struys, T., Bronckaers, A., Ameloot, M., Phillips, J., Lambrichts, I. Human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into Schwann cells and promote and guide neurite outgrowth in an aligned tissue-engineered collagen construct in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Martens
- 2Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Biomedical Research Institute, Lab of Histology, Agoralaan, Bldg. C, Office C011, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Brunelli G, Motroni A, Graziano A, D'Aquino R, Zollino I, Carinci F. Sinus lift tissue engineering using autologous pulp micro-grafts: A case report of bone density evaluation. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:644-7. [PMID: 24174760 PMCID: PMC3808021 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although autografts are the standard procedure for bone grafting, the use of bone regeneration by means of dental pulp stem cell is an alternative that opens a new era in this field. Rigenera Protocol is a new technique able to provide the surgeon autologous pulp micro-grafts. Materials and Methods: At the Department of Oral Surgery, Don Orione Hospital, Bergamo, Italy, one patient underwent sinus lift elevation with pulp stem micro-grafts gentle poured onto collagen sponge. A CT scan control was performed after 4 months and DICOM data were processed with medical imaging software which gives the possibility to use a virtual probe to extract the bone density. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to investigate difference in bone density (BD) between native and newly formed bone. Results: BD in newly formed bone is about the double of native bone. Conclusion: This report demonstrated that micro-grafts derived from dental pulp poured onto collagen sponge are a useful method for bone regeneration in atrophic maxilla.
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Bronckaers A, Hilkens P, Fanton Y, Struys T, Gervois P, Politis C, Martens W, Lambrichts I. Angiogenic properties of human dental pulp stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71104. [PMID: 23951091 PMCID: PMC3737205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, is a key process in tissue engineering. If blood supply cannot be established rapidly, there is insufficient oxygen and nutrient transport and necrosis of the implanted tissue will occur. Recent studies indicate that the human dental pulp contains precursor cells, named dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) that show self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. Since these cells can be easily isolated, cultured and cryopreserved, they represent an attractive stem cell source for tissue engineering. Until now, only little is known about the angiogenic abilities and mechanisms of the hDPSC. In this study, the angiogenic profile of both cell lysates and conditioned medium of hDPSC was determined by means of an antibody array. Numerous pro-and anti-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and endostatin were found both at the mRNA and protein level. hDPSC had no influence on the proliferation of the human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), but were able to significantly induce HMEC-1 migration in vitro. Addition of the PI3K-inhibitor LY294002 and the MEK-inhibitor U0126 to the HMEC-1 inhibited this effect, suggesting that both Akt and ERK pathways are involved in hDPSC-mediated HMEC-1 migration. Antibodies against VEGF also abolished the chemotactic actions of hDPSC. Furthermore, in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, hDPSC were able to significantly induce blood vessel formation. In conclusion, hDPSC have the ability to induce angiogenesis, meaning that this stem cell population has a great clinical potential, not only for tissue engineering but also for the treatment of chronic wounds, stroke and myocardial infarctions.
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Lymperi S, Ligoudistianou C, Taraslia V, Kontakiotis E, Anastasiadou E. Dental Stem Cells and their Applications in Dental Tissue Engineering. Open Dent J 2013; 7:76-81. [PMID: 24009647 PMCID: PMC3750972 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601307010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss or absence is a common condition that can be caused by various pathological circumstances. The replacement of the missing tooth is important for medical and aesthetic reasons. Recently, scientists focus on tooth tissue engineering, as a potential treatment, beyond the existing prosthetic methods. Tooth engineering is a promising new therapeutic approach that seeks to replace the missing tooth with a bioengineered one or to restore the damaged dental tissue. Its main tool is the stem cells that are seeded on the surface of biomaterials (scaffolds), in order to create a biocomplex. Several populations of mesenchymal stem cells are found in the tooth. These different cell types are categorized according to their location in the tooth and they demonstrate slightly different features. It appears that the dental stem cells isolated from the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament are the most powerful cells for tooth engineering. Additional research needs to be performed in order to address the problem of finding a suitable source of epithelial stem cells, which are important for the regeneration of the enamel. Nevertheless, the results of the existing studies are encouraging and strongly support the belief that tooth engineering can offer hope to people suffering from dental problems or tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lymperi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Athens, Greece ; Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Greece
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