51
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Zhang H, Vreeken D, Bruikman CS, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. Understanding netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:1-10. [PMID: 30240825 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Netrins and semaphorins are known as neuronal guidance molecules that are important to the facilitate patterning of the nervous system in embryonic development. In recent years, their function has been broadened to guide development in other systems, including the vascular system, where netrins and semaphorins critically contribute to the development of the vascular system. Evidence is accumulating that these guidance cues are also of critical importance in the biology of the mature endothelium by regulating the maintenance of endothelial quiescence. Here we review our current insights into the roles of netrins and semaphorins in endothelial cell survival, self-renewing, barrier function, response to wall shear stress, and control of the vascular tone. We also provide suggestions for future research into the functions of netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dianne Vreeken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline S Bruikman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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52
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Dao DT, Anez-Bustillos L, Ourieff J, Pan A, Mitchell PD, Kishikawa H, Fell GL, Baker MA, Watnick RS, Chen H, Hamilton TE, Rogers MS, Bielenberg DR, Puder M. Heparin impairs angiogenic signaling and compensatory lung growth after left pneumonectomy. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:837-848. [PMID: 29956017 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Children with hypoplastic lung diseases, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, can require life support via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and systemic anticoagulation, usually in the form of heparin. The role of heparin in angiogenesis and organ growth is inconclusive, with conflicting data reported in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heparin on lung growth in a model of compensatory lung growth (CLG). Compared to the absence of heparin, treatment with heparin decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated activation of VEGFR2 and mitogenic effect on human lung microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Compared to non-heparinized controls, heparinized mice demonstrated impaired pulmonary mechanics, decreased respiratory volumes and flows, and reduced activity levels after left pneumonectomy. They also had lower lung volume, pulmonary septal surface area and alveolar density on morphometric analyses. Lungs of heparinized mice displayed decreased phosphorylation of VEGFR2 compared to the control group, with consequential downstream reduction in markers of cellular proliferation and survival. The use of bivalirudin, an alternative anticoagulant that does not interact with VEGF, preserved lung growth and pulmonary mechanics. These results demonstrated that heparin impairs CLG by reducing VEGFR2 activation. These findings raise concern for the clinical use of heparin in the setting of organ growth or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jared Ourieff
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meredith A Baker
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Randolph S Watnick
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Rogers
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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53
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Qiu Y, Ahn B, Sakurai Y, Hansen CE, Tran R, Mimche PN, Mannino RG, Ciciliano JC, Lamb TJ, Joiner CH, Ofori-Acquah SF, Lam WA. Microvasculature-on-a-chip for the long-term study of endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular obstruction in disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:453-463. [PMID: 30533277 PMCID: PMC6286070 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the mechanical properties of erythrocytes occurring in inflammatory and hematologic disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) and malaria often lead to increased endothelial permeability, haemolysis, and microvascular obstruction. However, the associations among these pathological phenomena remain unknown. Here, we report a perfusable, endothelialized microvasculature-on-a-chip featuring an interpenetrating-polymer-network hydrogel that recapitulates the stiffness of blood-vessel intima, basement membrane self-deposition and self-healing endothelial barrier function for longer than 1 month. The microsystem enables the real-time visualization, with high spatiotemporal resolution, of microvascular obstruction and endothelial permeability under physiological flow conditions. We found how extracellular heme, a hemolytic byproduct, induces delayed but reversible endothelial permeability in a dose-dependent manner, and demonstrate that endothelial interactions with SCD or malaria-infected erythrocytes cause reversible microchannel occlusion and increased in situ endothelial permeability. The microvasculature-on-a-chip enables mechanistic insight into the endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with SCD, malaria and other inflammatory and haematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline E Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reginald Tran
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Clinton H Joiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Solomon F Ofori-Acquah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Translational and International Hematology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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54
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Abstract
Craniofacial bones, separate from the appendicular skeleton, bear a significant amount of strain and stress generated from mastication-related muscles. Current research on the regeneration of craniofacial bone focuses on the reestablishment of an elaborate vascular network. In this review, current challenges and efforts particularly in advances of scaffold properties and techniques for vascularization remodeling in craniofacial bone tissue engineering will be discussed. A microenvironment of ischemia and hypoxia in the biomaterial core drives propagation and reorganization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to assemble into a primitive microvascular framework. Co-culture strategies and delivery of vasculogenic molecules enhance EPCs' differentiation and stimulate the host regenerative response to promote vessel sprouting and strength. To optimize structural and vascular integration, well-designed microstructures of scaffolds are biologically considered. Proper porous structures, matrix stiffness, and surface morphology of scaffolds have a profound influence on cell behaviors and thus affect revascularization. In addition, advanced techniques facilitating angiogenesis and vaculogenesis have also been discussed. Oxygen delivery biomaterials, scaffold-free cell sheet techniques, and arteriovenous loop-induced axial vascularization strategies bring us new understanding and powerful strategies to manage revascularization of large craniofacial bone defects. Although promising histological results have been achieved, the efficient perfusion and functionalization of newly formed vessels are still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - T Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Cai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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55
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Ortiz Franyuti D, Mitsi M, Vogel V. Mechanical Stretching of Fibronectin Fibers Upregulates Binding of Interleukin-7. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:15-25. [PMID: 28845674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since evidence is rising that extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers might serve as reservoirs for growth factors and cytokines, we investigated the interaction between fibronectin (FN) and interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine of immunological significance and a target of several immunotherapies. By employing a FN fiber stretch assay and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) confocal microscopy, we found that stretching of FN fibers increased IL-7 binding. We localized the FN binding site on the CD loop of IL-7, since a synthetic CD loop peptide also bound stronger to stretched than to relaxed FN fibers. On the basis of a structural model, we propose that the CD loop can bind to FN, while IL-7 is bound to its cognate cell surface receptors. Sequence alignment with bacterial adhesins, which also bind the FN N-terminus, suggests that a conserved motif on the CD loop (110TKSLEEN116 and the truncated 112SLEE115 in human and mouse IL-7, respectively) might bind to the second FN type I module (FnI2) and that additional epitopes enhance the stretch-upregulated binding. FN fiber stretching might thus serve as a mechano-regulated mechanism to locally concentrate IL-7 in an ECM-bound state, thereby upregulating the potency of IL-7 signaling. A feedback model mechanism is proposed that could explain the well-known, but poorly understood, function of IL-7 in ECM homeostasis. Understanding how local IL-7 availability and signaling might be modulated by the tensional state of the ECM niche, which is adjusted by residing stroma cells, is highly relevant for basic science but also for advancing IL-7 based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ortiz Franyuti
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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56
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LaValley DJ, Zanotelli MR, Bordeleau F, Wang W, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. Matrix Stiffness Enhances VEGFR-2 Internalization, Signaling, and Proliferation in Endothelial Cells. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29531793 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can mediate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. During cancer progression, VEGF production is often increased to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to supply growing tumors with the additional oxygen and nutrients they require. Extracellular matrix stiffening also occurs during tumor progression, however, the crosstalk between tumor mechanics and VEGF signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we show that matrix stiffness heightens downstream endothelial cell response to VEGF by altering VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) internalization, and this effect is influenced by cell confluency. In sub-confluent endothelial monolayers, VEGFR-2 levels, but not VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, are influenced by matrix rigidity. Interestingly, more compliant matrices correlated with increased expression and clustering of VEGFR-2; however, stiffer matrices induced increased VEGFR-2 internalization. These effects are most likely due to actin-mediated contractility, as inhibiting ROCK on stiff substrates increased VEGFR-2 clustering and decreased internalization. Additionally, increasing matrix stiffness elevates ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in increased cell proliferation. Moreover, cells on stiff matrices generate more actin stress fibers than on compliant substrates, and the addition of VEGF stimulates an increase in fiber formation regardless of stiffness. In contrast, once endothelial cells reached confluency, stiffness-enhanced VEGF signaling was no longer observed. Together, these data show a complex effect of VEGF and matrix mechanics on VEGF-induced signaling, receptor dynamics, and cell proliferation that is mediated by cell confluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J LaValley
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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57
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You WK, Stallcup WB. Localization of VEGF to Vascular ECM Is an Important Aspect of Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080097. [PMID: 28788063 PMCID: PMC5575600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research has identified several examples in which reduced VEGF-A binding to deficient vascular extracellular matrix leads to deficits in tumor vascularization and tumor growth: (1) germline ablation of collagen VI in the stroma of intracranial B16F10 melanomas; (2) knockdown of the Tks5 scaffolding protein in MDA-MB-231 mammary tumor cells; (3) germline ablation of NG2 proteoglycan in the stroma of MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors; and (4) myeloid-specific ablation of NG2 in the stroma of intracranial B16F10 melanomas. Tumor hypoxia is increased in each of the four types of experimental mice, accompanied by increases in total VEGF-A. However, while VEGF-A is highly associated with tumor blood vessels in control mice, it is much more diffusely distributed in tumors in all four sets of experimental mice, likely due to reduced extent of the vascular extracellular matrix. In parallel to lost VEGF-A localization, tumor vessels in each case have smaller diameters and are leakier than tumor vessels in control mice. Tumor growth is decreased as a result of this poor vascular function. The fact that the observed vascular changes occur in the absence of alterations in vascular density suggests that examination of vessel structure and function is more useful than vascular density for understanding the importance of angiogenesis in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William B Stallcup
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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58
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Hu K, Olsen BR, Besschetnova TY. Cell autonomous ANTXR1-mediated regulation of extracellular matrix components in primary fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2016; 62:105-114. [PMID: 28011198 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies of Antxr1 knockout mice suggested that fibrotic skin abnormalities in these mice are associated with increased VEGF signaling. Here, based on studies of primary fibroblasts isolated from skin of Antx1+/+ and Antxr1-/- mice at embryonic stage E17.5 and postnatal day P49, we conclude that increased Col1a1 and Fn1 expression in Antxr1-deficient fibroblasts is partly mediated by a cell-autonomous ANTXR1-dependent mechanism. In turn, this may act in parallel with VEGF-dependent regulation of collagen type I and fibronectin production. We demonstrate that shRNA mediated knockdown of VEGF in Antxr1-/- fibroblasts reduces Col1a1 and Fn1 expression to below control levels, and these are restored by exogenous addition of recombinant VEGF. In addition, the increase in protein levels of collagen type I and fibronectin in mutant cells is blocked by VEGF neutralizing antibody. However, expressing the longest isoform of ANTXR1 (sv1) in mutant fibroblasts decreases levels of Ctgf, Col1a1 and Fn1 transcripts, but has no effect on VEGF expression. Taken together, our data suggest that the increased matrix production in Antxr1- deficient fibroblasts primarily occurs via a CTGF-dependent pathway and that other ANTXR1-associated mechanisms contribute to VEGF-dependent increase of collagen type I and fibronectin expression. Our findings provide a basis for further studies of novel ANTXR1-dependent connective tissue homeostatic control mechanisms in healthy individuals, patients with organ fibrosis, and patients with GAPO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Tatiana Y Besschetnova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Skeletal Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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59
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Koo H, Yamada KM. Dynamic cell-matrix interactions modulate microbial biofilm and tissue 3D microenvironments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 42:102-112. [PMID: 27257751 PMCID: PMC5064909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms and most eukaryotic tissues consist of cells embedded in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This matrix serves as a scaffold for cell adhesion and a dynamic milieu that provides varying chemical and physical signals to the cells. Besides a vast array of specific molecular components, an extracellular matrix can provide locally heterogeneous microenvironments differing in porosity/diffusion, stiffness, pH, oxygen and metabolites or nutrient levels. Mechanisms of matrix formation, mechanosensing, matrix remodeling, and modulation of cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions and dispersal are being revealed. This perspective article aims to identify such concepts from the fields of biofilm or eukaryotic matrix biology relevant to the other field to help stimulate new questions, approaches, and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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60
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Clegg L, Mac Gabhann F. Further Support for ECM Control of Receptor Trafficking and Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:36-7. [PMID: 27323268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Sack et al. (2016) presented an interesting, novel data set in Journal of Cellular Physiology examining the effect of substrate stiffness on VEGF processing and signaling. The data represent a clear contribution to the field. However, the authors' conclusion that "extracellular matrix binding is essential for VEGF internalization" conflicts with other knowledge in the field, and is not supported by their data. Instead, their data demonstrate the effect of heparin addition and changing ECM stiffness on both VEGF binding to fibronectin and VEGF binding to endothelial receptors. This is consistent with other work showing that matrix binding reduces VEGF-VEGFR internalization, shifting downstream signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 36-37, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Clegg
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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