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Koduri ND, Wang Z, Cannell G, Cooley K, Lemma TM, Miao K, Nguyen M, Frohock B, Castaneda M, Scott H, Albinescu D, Hussaini SR. Enaminones via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Coupling of Thioamides and α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7405-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5011312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga D. Koduri
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Garrett Cannell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Kate Cooley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Tsebaot Mesfin Lemma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Kun Miao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Bram Frohock
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Maria Castaneda
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Halee Scott
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
| | - Dragos Albinescu
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Science Building, Northeastern State University, 610
N. Grand Avenue, Tahlequah, Oklahoma 74464, United States
| | - Syed R. Hussaini
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
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Qaddoumi MG, Ananthalakshmi KVV, Phillips OA, Edafiogho IO, Kombian SB. Evaluation of anticonvulsant actions of dibromophenyl enaminones using in vitro and in vivo seizure models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99770. [PMID: 24945912 PMCID: PMC4063795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and other seizure disorders are not adequately managed with currently available drugs. We recently synthesized a series of dibromophenyl enaminones and demonstrated that AK6 and E249 were equipotent to previous analogs but more efficacious in suppressing neuronal excitation. Here we examined the actions of these lead compounds on in vitro and in vivo seizure models. In vitro seizures were induced in the hippocampal slice chemically (zero Mg2+ buffer and picrotoxin) and electrically using patterned high frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferents. In vivo seizures were induced in rats using the 6 Hz and the maximal electroshock models. AK6 (10 µM) and E249 (10 µM) depressed the amplitude of population spikes recorded in area CA1 of the hippocampus by -50.5±4.3% and -40.1±3.1% respectively, with partial recovery after washout. In the zero Mg2+ model, AK6 (10 µM) depressed multiple population spiking (mPS) by -59.3±6.9% and spontaneous bursts (SBs) by -65.9±7.2% and in the picrotoxin-model by -43.3±7.2% and -50.0±8.3%, respectively. Likewise, E249 (10 µM) depressed the zero-Mg2+-induced mPS by -48.8±9.5% and SBs by -55.8±15.5%, and in the picrotoxin model by -37.1±5.5% and -56.5±11.4%, respectively. They both suppressed post-HFS induced afterdischarges and SBs. AK6 and E249 dose-dependently protected rats in maximal electroshock and 6 Hz models of in vivo seizures after 30 min pretreatment. Their level of protection in both models was similar to that obtained with phenytoin Finally, while AK6 had no effect on locomotion in rats, phenytoin significantly decreased locomotion. AK6 and E249, suppressed in vitro and in vivo seizures to a similar extent. Their in vivo activities are comparable with but not superior to phenytoin. The most efficacious, AK6 produced no locomotor suppression while phenytoin did. Thus, AK6 and E249 may be excellent candidates for further investigation as potential agents for the treatment of epilepsy syndromes with possibly less CNS side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G. Qaddoumi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Oludotun A. Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ivan O. Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Samuel B. Kombian
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
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53
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Ezeamuzie CI, El-Hashim AZ, Renno WM, Edafiogho IO. Antiallergic and antiasthmatic effects of a novel enhydrazinone ester (CEE-1): inhibition of activation of both mast cells and eosinophils. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:444-54. [PMID: 24917545 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.213751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of mast cells and eosinophils is a fundamental process in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. We have previously reported that the novel enhydrazinone ester CEE-1 (ethyl 4-phenylhydrazinocyclohex-3-en-2-oxo-6-phenyl-1-oate) possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. We have now tested whether the compound also possesses antiallergic and antiasthmatic effects in vitro and in vivo. The compound significantly inhibited degranulation and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release from activated human eosinophils, as well as IgE-dependent degranulation and LTC4 release from passively sensitized rat basophilic leukemia cells and bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells. In human eosinophils, the drug was more potent in inhibiting degranulation than LTC4 release {IC50 = 0.4 μM [confidence interval (CI): 0.1-0.9] versus 3.8 μM (CI: 0.9-8.3)}, whereas in mast cells the reverse was essentially the case. The drug did not affect stimulus-induced calcium transients in eosinophils but significantly inhibited early phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In vivo, topical application of 4.5-15 mg/kg of the compound significantly inhibited allergen-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Similarly, in the mouse asthma model, the intranasal administration of 6.5-12.5 mg/kg of the compound significantly inhibited bronchial inflammation and eosinophil accumulation in bronchial lavage fluid, as well as abolishing airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine. These results show that CEE-1 inhibits the activation of both mast cells and eosinophils in vitro, probably by blocking MAPK-activation pathways, and that these effects are translated into antiallergic and antiasthmatic effects in vivo. The compound, therefore, has potential application in the treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles I Ezeamuzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.I.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.Z.E.-H.), and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (W.M.R.), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut (I.O.E.)
| | - Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.I.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.Z.E.-H.), and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (W.M.R.), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut (I.O.E.)
| | - Waleed M Renno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.I.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.Z.E.-H.), and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (W.M.R.), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut (I.O.E.)
| | - Ivan O Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.I.E.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.Z.E.-H.), and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (W.M.R.), Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut (I.O.E.)
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54
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Synthesis, neuronal activity and mechanisms of action of halogenated enaminones. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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55
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Lei BL, Zhang QS, Yu WH, Ding QP, Ding CH, Hou XL. Kinetic Resolution of 2-Substituted 2,3-Dihydro-4-pyridones by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Indolizidine (−)-209I. Org Lett 2014; 16:1944-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500498m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei-Hua Yu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99
Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Ding
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99
Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
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56
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(Thio)phosphoryl-functionalized enaminoketones: Synthesis, structure, and complexing properties towards transition metal ions. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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57
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Lei CH, Wang DX, Zhao L, Zhu J, Wang MX. Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyridines, 2,3-Dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ones, and Pyridines from Tandem Reactions Initiated by [5+1] Cycloaddition of N-Formylmethyl-Substituted Enamides to Isocyanides: Mechanistic Insight and Synthetic Appl. Chemistry 2013; 19:16981-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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58
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Yu D, Sum YN, Ean ACC, Chin MP, Zhang Y. Acetylide Ion (C
2
2−
) as a Synthon To Link Electrophiles and Nucleophiles: A Simple Method for Enaminone Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5125-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
| | - Yin Ngai Sum
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
| | - Amanda Chng Cheng Ean
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
| | - Mei Ping Chin
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
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59
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Acetylide Ion (C22−) as a Synthon To Link Electrophiles and Nucleophiles: A Simple Method for Enaminone Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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60
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Shawali AS, Haboub AJM. Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Halides with Bis-enaminones: A Convenient Route for Synthesis of Novel Polyaza-Terheterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Shawali
- Deapartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Cairo; Giza; Egypt
| | - Adel J. M. Haboub
- Deapartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Cairo; Giza; Egypt
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61
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Ezeamuzie CI, Zamil H, Al-Baghli H, Edafiogho IO. Pharmacological evaluation of a novel enhydrazone ester (CEE-1) as a dual inhibitor of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostanoids from human monocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.48a2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Koduri ND, Hileman B, Cox JD, Scott H, Hoang P, Robbins A, Bowers K, Tsebaot L, Miao K, Castaneda M, Coffin M, Wei G, Claridge TDW, Roberts KP, Hussaini SR. Acceleration of the Eschenmoser coupling reaction by sonication: efficient synthesis of enaminones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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63
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Kumar A, Ghosh P. Studies of the Electronic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in the Context of Homogeneous Catalysis and Bioorganometallic Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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64
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M. Gomha S, A. Abdel-Aziz H. Enaminones as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Preparations: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazoles, Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines, Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines Linked to Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole System. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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65
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Koduri ND, Scott H, Hileman B, Cox JD, Coffin M, Glicksberg L, Hussaini SR. Ruthenium catalyzed synthesis of enaminones. Org Lett 2011; 14:440-3. [PMID: 22208907 DOI: 10.1021/ol202812d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Grubbs first-generation catalyst has been found to be an effective catalyst for the synthesis of enaminones by coupling thioamides with α-diazodicarbonyl compounds. The reaction is successful in converting primary, secondary, and tertiary thioamides into their corresponding enaminones. The reaction is also suitable for the synthesis of chiral enaminones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Durgarao Koduri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101, USA
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66
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Yu YY, Niphakis MJ, Georg GI. Palladium(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenative alkenylation of cyclic enaminones via the Fujiwara-Moritani reaction. Org Lett 2011; 13:5932-5. [PMID: 21995751 PMCID: PMC3235746 DOI: 10.1021/ol202677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new Pd(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenative alkenylation reaction involving two alkenes was developed. A variety of nonaromatic, cyclic enaminones were successfully coupled to primary and secondary alkenes yielding a series of unique 1,3-dienes. The generality of this transformation presents a useful strategy for directly cross-coupling alkenes and offers an attractive new approach to functionalize enaminones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Micah J. Niphakis
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
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67
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Jackson PL, North H, Alexander MS, Assey GE, Scott KR, Butcher RJ. 3-(4-Chloro-benzene-sulfonamido)-5-methyl-cyclo-hex-2-en-1-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2272-3. [PMID: 22064753 PMCID: PMC3200777 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For the title compound, C(13)H(14)ClNO(3)S, geometrical parameters, determined using X-ray diffraction techniques, are compared with those calculated by density functional theory (DFT), using hybrid exchange-correlation functional, B3LYP methods. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the conjugated part of the cyclo-hexene ring is 87.47 (5)°. The cyclo-hexene ring and its substituents are disordered over two conformations, with occupancies of 0.786 (3) and 0.214 (3). In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into chains in the c-axis direction by inter-molecular N-H⋯O(C=O) hydrogen bonds. C-H⋯O inter-actions are also observed.
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68
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El-Hashim AZ, Edafiogho IO, Jaffal SM, Yousif MH, Ezeamuzie CI, Kombian SB. Anti-tussive and bronchodilator mechanisms of action for the enaminone E121. Life Sci 2011; 89:378-87. [PMID: 21798272 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigated whether the enaminone, E121, has anti-tussive effects in a guinea pig model of cough, and if so, whether this effect is mediated via a central or peripheral site of action. We also assessed whether E121 has bronchodilator effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying any anti-tussive and/or bronchodilator effects. MAIN METHODS Whole body plethysmography was used to assess both cough and airway obstruction. A stereotaxic apparatus was used to administer drugs intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Effects of E121 were examined in vitro on contractile effects in guinea pig bronchioles. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment of animals with E121 resulted in a significant inhibition in the citric acid-induced cough and airway obstruction compared to vehicle-pretreated animals. The K(ATP) antagonist, glibenclamide, significantly inhibited the anti-tussive and bronchoprotective effects of E121. Also, intra-tracheal administration of E121 resulted in a significant inhibition of both the citric acid-induced cough response and airway obstruction compared to vehicle-pretreated animals. By contrast, i.c.v. administration had no effect. Finally, E121 significantly inhibited carbachol-induced airway smooth muscle contractions, an effect that was reduced by both glibenclamide and propranolol. Interestingly, E121 enhanced histamine-induced cAMP release in human eosinophils although it did not directly elevate cAMP levels. SIGNIFICANCE The enaminone, E121, has anti-tussive and bronchodilatory effects and is topically, but not centrally, active. The anti-tussive mechanism of action of E121 seems to be K(ATP) channel dependent, whereas its bronchodilatory effects appear to be mediated via activation of both K(ATP) channels and β(2) receptors. Therefore, E121 may potentially represent a novel therapy for cough, particularly cough associated with airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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69
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Wang ZJ, Sun L, Jackson PL, Scott KR, Heinbockel T. A substituted anilino enaminone acts as a novel positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors in the mouse brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:916-24. [PMID: 21163867 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.173740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A small library of anilino enaminones was analyzed for potential anticonvulsant agents. We examined the effects of three anilino enaminones on neuronal activity of output neurons, mitral cells (MC), in an olfactory bulb brain slice preparation using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. These compounds are known to be effective in attenuating pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions. Among the three compounds tested, 5-methyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylamino)-cyclohex-2-enone (KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃) showed potent inhibition of MC activity with an EC₅₀ of 24.5 μM. It hyperpolarized the membrane potential of MCs accompanied by suppression of spontaneous firing. Neither ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers nor a GABA(B) receptor blocker prevented the KRS-5Me-4-OCF(3)-evoked inhibitory effects. In the presence of GABA(A) receptor antagonists, KRS-5Me-4-OCF(3) completely failed to evoke inhibition of MC spiking activity, suggesting that KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃-induced inhibition may be mediated by direct action on GABA(A) receptors or indirect action through the elevation of tissue GABA levels. Neither vigabatrin (a selective GABA-T inhibitor) nor 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-[2-[[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy]ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NNC-711) (a selective inhibitor of GABA uptake by GABA transporter 1) eliminated the effect of KRS-5ME-4-OCF₃ on neuronal excitability, indicating that the inhibitory effect of the enaminone resulted from direct activation of GABA(A) receptors. The concentration-response curves for GABA are left-shifted by KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃, demonstrating that KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃ enhanced GABA affinity and acted as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors. The effect of KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃ was blocked by applying a benzodiazepine site antagonist, suggesting that KRS-5Me-4-OCF₃ binds at the classic benzodiazepine site to exert its pharmacological action. The results suggest clinical use of enaminones as anticonvulsants in seizures and as a potential anxiolytic in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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70
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Niphakis MJ, Turunen BJ, Georg GI. Synthesis of 6- and 7-membered cyclic enaminones: scope and mechanism. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6793-805. [PMID: 20929269 PMCID: PMC2953738 DOI: 10.1021/jo100907u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six- and seven-membered cyclic enaminones can be prepared using common, environmentally benign reagents. Amino acids are used as synthetic precursors allowing diversification and the incorporation of chirality. The key reaction in this multistep process involves deprotection of Boc-amino ynones and subsequent treatment with methanolic K(2)CO(3) to induce cyclization. A β-amino elimination side reaction was identified in a few labile substrates that led to either loss of stereochemical purity or degradation. This process can be mitigated in specific cases using mild deprotection conditions. NMR and deuterium-labeling experiments provided valuable insight into the workings and limitations of this reaction. Although disguised as a 6-endo-dig cyclization, the reagents employed in the transformation play a direct role in bond-making and bond-breaking, thus changing the mode of addition to a 6-endo-trig cyclization. This method can be used to construct an array of monocyclic and bicyclic scaffolds, many of which are found in well-known natural products (e.g., indolizidine, quinolizidine, and Stemona alkaloids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J. Niphakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, The University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, Structural Biology Center, 2121 Simons Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Brandon J. Turunen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, The University of Kansas Center of Excellence in Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, Structural Biology Center, 2121 Simons Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
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71
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Zhao YM, Gu P, Tu YQ, Zhang HJ, Zhang QW, Fan CA. One-Pot Synthesis of Aminoenone via Direct Reaction of the Chloroalkyl Enone with NaN3: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5289-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101226r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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El-Hashim A, Yousefi S, Edafiogho I, Raghupathy R, Yousif M, Simon HU. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of the enaminone E121. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 632:73-8. [PMID: 20006602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The treatment of asthma is far from optimal and hence the need for novel therapeutic agents exists. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-asthma effects of an enaminone, E121, and also its effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine release. The effects of E121 were assessed in an ovalbumin-induced model of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, the effects of E121 on phytohemagglutinin (PHA), anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine release, respectively, were assessed. Treatment of mice with E121 significantly decreased the ovalbumin-induced increase in airway total cell influx and eosinophil infiltration and this was associated with an inhibition of ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, E121 reduced PHA and anti-CD3-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in vitro. E121 also inhibited PHA, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and LPS-induced cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. These findings indicate that E121 exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Hashim
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Enaminones 8: CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on some anticonvulsant enaminones. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:133-40. [PMID: 19059784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
3D-QSAR studies comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were carried out on 26 structurally diverse subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) active enaminone analogues, previously synthesized in our laboratory. CoMFA and CoMSIA were employed to generate models to define the specific structural and electrostatic features essential for enhanced binding to the putative GABA receptor. The 3D-QSAR models demonstrated a reliable ability to predict the CLogP of the active anticonvulsant enaminones, resulting in a q(2) of 0.558 for CoMFA, and a q(2) of 0.698 for CoMSIA. The outcomes of the contour maps for both models provide detailed insight for the structural design of novel enaminone derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents.
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