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Yang D, Zhao Y, Guo H, Li Y, Tewary P, Xing G, Hou W, Oppenheim JJ, Zhang N. [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles induce dendritic cell maturation and activate Th1 immune responses. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1178-86. [PMID: 20121217 PMCID: PMC2835518 DOI: 10.1021/nn901478z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells play a pivotal role in host immune defense, such as elimination of foreign pathogen and inhibition of tumorigenesis. In this paper, we report that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) could induce phenotypic maturation of dendritic cells by stimulating DC production of cytokines including IL-12p70, upregulating DC co-stimulatory (CD80, CD83, and CD86) and MHC (HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR) molecules, and switching DCs from a CCL5-responsive to a CCL19-responsive phenotype. We found that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) can induce dendritic cells to become functionally mature as illustrated by their capacity to activate allogeneic T cells. Mice immunized with ovalbumin in the presence of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) exhibit enhanced ovalbumin-specific Th1-polarized immune response as evidenced by the predominantly increased production of IFNgamma, IL-1beta, and IL-2. The [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticle is a potent activator of dendritic cells and Th1 immune responses. These new findings also provide a rational understanding of the potent anticancer activities of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Yang
- Tianjin Medical University, Research Center of Basic Medic Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300060, China
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China
| | - Hua Guo
- Tianjin Medical University, Research Center of Basic Medic Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yana Li
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Poonam Tewary
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Ning Zhang, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. (Tel: 086-13502179648; ). Gengmei Xing, Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
| | - Wei Hou
- Tianjin Medical University, Research Center of Basic Medic Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Research Center of Basic Medic Sciences, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300060, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Ning Zhang, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. (Tel: 086-13502179648; ). Gengmei Xing, Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
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Mitochondrial p32 protein is a critical regulator of tumor metabolism via maintenance of oxidative phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:1303-18. [PMID: 20100866 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01101-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
p32/gC1qR/C1QBP/HABP1 is a mitochondrial/cell surface protein overexpressed in certain cancer cells. Here we show that knocking down p32 expression in human cancer cells strongly shifts their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. The p32 knockdown cells exhibited reduced synthesis of the mitochondrial-DNA-encoded OXPHOS polypeptides and were less tumorigenic in vivo. Expression of exogenous p32 in the knockdown cells restored the wild-type cellular phenotype and tumorigenicity. Increased glucose consumption and lactate production, known as the Warburg effect, are almost universal hallmarks of solid tumors and are thought to favor tumor growth. However, here we show that a protein regularly overexpressed in some cancers is capable of promoting OXPHOS. Our results indicate that high levels of glycolysis, in the absence of adequate OXPHOS, may not be as beneficial for tumor growth as generally thought and suggest that tumor cells use p32 to regulate the balance between OXPHOS and glycolysis.
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