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Vegran F, Martin F, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F. [Th9 cells: a new population of helper T cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:387-93. [PMID: 27137696 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163204017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Th9 cells are CD4 T helper cells characterized by their ability to produce IL-9 and IL-21. These cells are obtained from naive CD4(+) T cells cultured in the presence of TGF-β and IL-4. Thus their differentiation results from the balance between the signaling pathways induced by IL-4 in one hand and the one induced by TGF-β in the other hand. These cells are inflammatory cells and were first described in the context of atopic and autoimmune diseases in which they have a pathogenic role. They are also involved in the defense against parasite infections. Recently, some reports defined Th9 anticancer properties through their cytokine secretion. Indeed, their high secretion of IL-9 and IL-21 in the tumor bed contributes to their anticancer functions. These cytokines trigger the activation of dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and CD8 T cells to mount an antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Vegran
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1, rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France - Inserm, U866, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France - Université de Bourgogne, faculté de médecine, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - François Martin
- Inserm, U866, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1, rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France - Inserm, U866, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France - Université de Bourgogne, faculté de médecine, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1, rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France - Inserm, U866, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France - Université de Bourgogne, faculté de médecine, 7, boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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Mager LF, Wasmer MH, Rau TT, Krebs P. Cytokine-Induced Modulation of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:96. [PMID: 27148488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel immunomodulatory cancer therapies over the last decade, above all immune checkpoint blockade, has significantly advanced tumor treatment. For colorectal cancer (CRC), a novel scoring system based on the immune cell infiltration in tumors has greatly improved disease prognostic evaluation and guidance to more specific therapy. These findings underline the relevance of tumor immunology in the future handling and therapeutic approach of malignant disease. Inflammation can either promote or suppress CRC pathogenesis and inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines, critically determine the pro- or anti-tumorigenic signals within the tumor environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cytokines known to be critically involved in CRC development and illustrate their mechanisms of action. We also highlight similarities and differences between CRC patients and murine models of CRC and point out cytokines with an ambivalent role for intestinal cancer. We also identify some of the future challenges in the field that should be addressed for the development of more effective immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Marie-Hélène Wasmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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Nicholl MB, Chen X, Qin C, Bai Q, Zhu Z, Davis MR, Fang Y. IL-32α has differential effects on proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell lines. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:364-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Nicholl
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System; San Antonio Texas
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
- Luohu Hospital; Shenzhen China
| | - Chenglu Qin
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
- Luohu Hospital; Shenzhen China
| | - Qian Bai
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
| | - Matthew R. Davis
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia Missouri
- Des Moines University; Des Moines Iowa
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