51
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El Idrissi K, Eddarir S, Tokarski C, Rolando C. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography using open tubular capillary for phosphoprotein analysis: Comparison between polymer brush coating and surface functionalization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2852-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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Sproß J, Sinz A. Monolithic media for applications in affinity chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1958-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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53
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Olszowy P, Szultka M, Buszewski B. Poly(3-alkylthiophenes): new sorption materials for solid phase microextraction of drugs isolated from human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1377-84. [PMID: 21710286 PMCID: PMC3151406 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel sorbent in solid phase microextraction (SPME) method based on poly(3-alkylthiophenes) was used in the isolation of linezolid from human plasma samples following liquid chromatography determination. The effect of extraction time on the sorption capacity of the SPME process was studied and pointed at 10 min both for adsorption and desorption. Poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(3-nonylthiophene) were applied for the extraction of linezolid from water solutions. In plasma samples, four coatings including polythiophene and poly(3-penthylthiophene) were investigated. With these measurements, correlation coefficients were calculated in the range from 0.9820 to 0.9995, and the relative standard deviations were below 15%. That allowed claiming that the synthesized and described materials can be successfully applied in the analysis of linezolid also from other matrices such as urine or blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Olszowy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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54
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Daley AB, Wright RD, Oleschuk RD. Parallel, fluorous open-tubular chromatography using microstructured fibers. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Svobodová A, Křížek T, Širc J, Šálek P, Tesařová E, Coufal P, Štulík K. Monolithic columns based on a poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-methacrylic acid) copolymer for capillary liquid chromatography of small organic molecules. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1544-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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56
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Zajickova Z, Luna J, Svec F. SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SILICA-BASED MONOLITH WITH POLY(PENTAFLUOROPROPYL METHACRYLATE) USING SINGLE STEP PHOTOGRAFTING. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.519244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zajickova
- a Department of Physical Sciences , Barry University , Miami Shores, Florida, USA
| | - Joao Luna
- a Department of Physical Sciences , Barry University , Miami Shores, Florida, USA
| | - Frantisek Svec
- b The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California, USA
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57
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Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Connolly D, Lacroix F, Paull B. Micro-bore titanium housed polymer monoliths for reversed-phase liquid chromatography of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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58
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Advances in the preparation of porous polymer monoliths in capillaries and microfluidic chips with focus on morphological aspects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:953-60. [PMID: 20213170 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Porous polymer monoliths have emerged as unique materials for many applications, including liquid-chromatographic analyses at an unrivaled speed, solid-phase extraction, and enzyme immobilization in capillary and microfluidic chip format. This article reviews the state of the art in the preparation of monoliths in narrow-bore capillaries and microfluidic chips and their miniaturization under conditions of spatial confinement. New developments in their preparation mainly using free radical polymerization techniques with a focus on morphological aspects in view of homogeneous porous materials are described. The suitability of monoliths for analysis of both large and small molecules is also discussed.
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59
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Sproß J, Sinz A. A Capillary Monolithic Trypsin Reactor for Efficient Protein Digestion in Online and Offline Coupling to ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9025362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Sproß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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60
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Byström E, Viklund C, Irgum K. Differences in porous characteristics of styrenic monoliths prepared by controlled thermal polymerization in molds of varying dimensions. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:191-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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61
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Nordborg A, Irgum K. A library of thiol-terminated methacrylate telomers prepared by photoinitiated iniferter mediated polymerization for use in modifications of chromatographic surfaces by the “grafting to” approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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62
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Szumski M, Buszewski B. Effect of temperature during photopolymerization of capillary monolithic columns. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2574-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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63
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Eeltink S, Dolman S, Detobel F, Desmet G, Swart R, Ursem M. 1 mm ID poly(styrene-co
-divinylbenzene) monolithic columns for high-peak capacity one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2504-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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64
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Different alkyl dimethacrylate mediated stearyl methacrylate monoliths for improving separation efficiency of typical alkylbenzenes and proteins. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3098-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Lohbauer U, Zipperle M, Rischka K, Petschelt A, Müller FA. Hydroxylation of dental zirconia surfaces: characterization and bonding potential. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 87:461-7. [PMID: 18506815 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioinert zirconia surfaces exhibit a low chemical bonding potential to resin-based luting agents. The aim was to hydroxylate dental zirconia surfaces and to examine tensile bond strength using commercial luting agents. The measured bond strength was compared with established mechanical conditioning techniques. Five acidic and one alkaline hydroxylation pretreatments were applied and compared with air abrasion and tribochemical silica coating. For the chemical characterization of hydroxyl groups and hydroxyl value, zirconia powders were used, chemically modified, and analyzed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and a titrimetric method according to the ISO 4629 standard. All acidic pretreatment procedures exhibited increased hydroxyl values. The highest values were recorded after treatment with phosphoric acid or Piranha solution. Tensile bond strength was examined in a universal testing machine using the commercial dual-cure luting agents Multilink (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) and Panavia F2.0 (Kuraray, Japan). Surface hydroxylation with Piranha solution in combination with the luting agent Multilink led to a bond strength of 12.47 +/- 3.25 MPa. Tribochemical silica-coated/silanized zirconia surfaces with Multilink produced the highest bond strength of 19.33 +/- 3.65 MPa. Using the luting agent Panavia F2.0, statistically homogenous values for the untreated (11.60 +/- 1.68 MPa) and for the hydroxylated surface (12.46 +/- 3,81 MPa) were measured. Bioinert zirconia surfaces were successfully hydroxylated in terms of tensile bond strength. Resin bonding with Multilink can be strongly increased by acidic treatment with Piranha solution. Bonding with Panavia F2.0 is not affected by hydroxylation, which is likely due to the incorporation of specific functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lohbauer
- Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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66
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Emgenbroich M, Borrelli C, Shinde S, Lazraq I, Vilela F, Hall AJ, Oxelbark J, De Lorenzi E, Courtois J, Simanova A, Verhage J, Irgum K, Karim K, Sellergren B. A phosphotyrosine-imprinted polymer receptor for the recognition of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides. Chemistry 2008; 14:9516-29. [PMID: 18850612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation at tyrosine is commonly observed in tumor proteomes and, hence, specific phosphoproteins or phosphopeptides could serve as markers useful for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The analysis of such targets is, however, a challenging task, because of their commonly low abundance and the lack of robust and effective preconcentration techniques. As a robust alternative to the commonly used immunoaffinity techniques that rely on phosphotyrosine(pTyr)-specific antibodies, we have developed an epitope-imprinting strategy that leads to a synthetic pTyr-selective imprinted polymer receptor. The binding site incorporates two monourea ligands placed by preorganization around a pTyr dianion template. The tight binding site displayed good binding affinities for the pTyr template, in the range of that observed for corresponding antibodies, and a clear preference for pTyr over phosphoserine (pSer). In further analogy to the antibodies, the imprinted polymer was capable of capturing short tyrosine phosphorylated peptides in the presence of an excess of their non-phosphorylated counterparts or peptides phosphorylated at serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Emgenbroich
- INFU, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto Hahn Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund (Germany).
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67
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Urban J, Jandera P. Polymethacrylate monolithic columns for capillary liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2521-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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68
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69
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Kučerová Z, Szumski M, Buszewski B, Jandera P. Alkylated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) monolithic columns for μ-HPLC and CEC separation of phenolic acids. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:3018-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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70
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Altun Z, Hjelmström A, Abdel-Rehim M, Blomberg LG. Surface modified polypropylene pipette tips packed with a monolithic plug of adsorbent for high-throughput sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1964-72. [PMID: 17638348 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
UV-initiated poly(butyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) porous polymer monoliths were prepared in situ in polypropylene-based pipette tips for high-throughput sample preparation. Prior to the in situ polymerization, the surface of the PP tips was modified. In this work, two different surface modification approaches were tested for this purpose. First the photoinitiator benzophenone was used to generate radicals at the surface of PP by hydrogen abstraction. In the second modification approach, a thin layer of a polymer was directly grafted to the surface. The effect of surface modification was measured by contact angle measurements of a drop of water at the surface. As a result of the surface modification, scan electron microscopy images indicate a covalent attachment of the monolith to the wall of the pipette tip. Pipette tips modified with 5% BP in methanol and packed with a plug of monolith were further evaluated for high-throughput sample preparation. Using a liquid handling system, the extraction performance of packed pipette tips was tested for the analysis of ropivacaine in plasma samples. The recovery and reproducibility results were in accordance with internationally accepted criteria for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the test substance, ropivacaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Altun
- Karlstad University, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
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71
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Oxelbark J, Legido-Quigley C, Aureliano CSA, Titirici MM, Schillinger E, Sellergren B, Courtois J, Irgum K, Dambies L, Cormack PAG, Sherrington DC, De Lorenzi E. Chromatographic comparison of bupivacaine imprinted polymers prepared in crushed monolith, microsphere, silica-based composite and capillary monolith formats. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:215-26. [PMID: 17559860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive comparison of five chromatographic stationary phases based on molecularly imprinted polymers is presented. Efficiency, imprinting factors, water compatibility and batch-to-batch reproducibility are discussed for crushed monolith, microspheres, two silica-based composites and capillary monoliths, all imprinted with the local anaesthetic bupivacaine. Synthesis protocol and chromatographic test conditions have been kept fixed within certain limits, in order to provide further insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the different formats. Excluding microparticles, all formats give satisfactory performance, especially in aqueous mobile phases. An assessment of batch-to-batch reproducibility in different mobile phases adds further value to this comparison study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Oxelbark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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72
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Courtois J, Szumski M, Georgsson F, Irgum K. Assessing the macroporous structure of monolithic columns by transmission electron microscopy. Anal Chem 2007; 79:335-44. [PMID: 17194158 DOI: 10.1021/ac0614902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of monolithic stationary phases representing a broad span of monomers and porogens have been characterized directly in their capillary chromatographic format by computational assessment of their pore structure from transmission electron micrographs obtained after in situ embedment of the monoliths in contrast resin, followed by dissolution of the fused-silica tubing, further encasement of the resin-embedded monolith, and microtomy. This technique has been compared to mercury intrusion, a more conventional technique for macroporosity estimation. Supplementing the embedding resin by lead methacrylate gave a negative staining, and the resulting micrographs showed a good contrast between the polymeric monoliths and the embedding resin that allowed studies on the pore formation and polymer development. The technique was also applied to a commercial monolithic silica column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Courtois
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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73
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Szumski M, Buszewski B. Preparation and application of monolithic beds in the separation of selected natural biologically important compounds. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:55-66. [PMID: 17313142 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of monolithic (continuous) beds is connected with their easy preparation and the far-reaching possibilities of modification of their surface and porous properties. These properties make them particularly attractive for the analysis of biologically important compounds characterized by a wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. This review summarizes their preparation methods as well as their application as continuous beds for determination of such biologically important compounds as catecholamines, vitamins, flavonoids, amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szumski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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74
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Hemström P, Szumski M, Irgum K. Atom-Transfer Radical Graft Polymerization Initiated Directly from Silica Applied to Functionalization of Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Mode. Anal Chem 2006; 78:7098-103. [PMID: 17037908 DOI: 10.1021/ac0602874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of atom-transfer radical polymerization of a number of monomers (styrene, methyl acrylate, 3-[N,N-dimethyl-N-(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium] propanesulfonate, butyl methacrylate, 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate) directly from chlorinated porous silica particles has been performed. The grafting has been confirmed and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This initiation technique results in a hydrolytically stable initial Si-C bond, tethering the polymer to the silica substrate. The resulting grafted particles have been used as separation materials for both reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Hemström
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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75
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Courtois J, Byström E, Irgum K. Novel monolithic materials using poly(ethylene glycol) as porogen for protein separation. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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