51
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Green chromatography separation of analytes of greatly differing properties using a polyethylene glycol stationary phase and a low-toxic water-based mobile phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6105-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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52
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Yang Y, Matyska MT, Boysen RI, Pesek JJ, Hearn MTW. Simultaneous separation of hydrophobic and polar bases using a silica hydride stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1209-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Reinhard I. Boysen
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Milton T. W. Hearn
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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53
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Practical investigation of the factors that affect the selectivity in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1276:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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54
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Qiu H, Jiang S, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Polyanionic and polyzwitterionic azobenzene ionic liquid-functionalized silica materials and their chromatographic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2454-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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55
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An Ecofriendly and Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Determination of Permethrin Isomers: Application to Pharmaceutical Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/697831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A green, simple, and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of permethrin isomers in pharmaceutical preparations. The separation was based on a C18analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of ethanol: phosphoric acid solution (pH = 3) (67 : 33, v/v). The elution was carried out at 30°C temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 215 nm. In forced degradation studies, the drug was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis, and heat. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The applied procedure was found to be linear in permethrin concentration range of 0.5–50 μg/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.9996 for each isomer. Precision was evaluated by replicate analysis in which % relative standard deviation (RSD) values for areas were found below 2.0. The recoveries obtained (99.24%–100.72%) ensured the accuracy of the developed method. The peaks of permethrin isomers well resolved from various degradation products as well as the pharmaceutical excipients. Accordingly, the proposed validated and sustainable procedure was proved to be proper for routine analyzing and stability studies of permethrin in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Resolving the chemical heterogeneity of natural organic matter: new insights from comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:138-46. [PMID: 22738816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of resolving the chemical heterogeneity of natural organic matter (NOM), comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) was employed for the first time to map the hydrophobicity versus molecular weight (MW) distribution of two well-known complex organic mixtures: Suwannee River Fulvic Acids (SR-FA) and Pony Lake Fulvic Acids (PL-FA). Two methods have been developed using either a conventional reversed-phase (RP) silica column or a mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction column operating under aqueous RP mode in the first dimension, and a size-exclusion column in the second dimension. The LC×LC fractions were screened on-line by UV at 254 nm, molecular fluorescence at excitation/emission wavelengths (λ(Exc)/λ(Em)) of 240/450 nm, and by evaporative light scattering. The MW distributions of these two NOM samples were further characterized by number (Mn) and weight (Mw) average MW, and by polydispersity (Mw/Mn). Findings suggest that the combination of two independent separation mechanisms is promising in extend the range of NOM separation. For the cases where NOM separation was accomplished, smaller Mw group fractions seem to be related to a more hydrophobic nature. Regardless of the detection method, the complete range of MW distribution provided by both comprehensive LC×LC methods was found to be lower than those reported in the literature.
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58
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Kitanovski Z, Grgić I, Yasmeen F, Claeys M, Cusak A. Development of a liquid chromatographic method based on ultraviolet-visible and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection for the identification of nitrocatechols and related tracers in biomass burning atmospheric organic aerosol. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:793-804. [PMID: 22368059 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studying the chemical composition of biomass burning aerosol (BBA) is very important in order to assess their impact on the climate and the biosphere. In the present study, we focus on the characterization of some newly recognized biomass burning aerosol tracers including methyl nitrocatechols, nitroguaiacols and 4-nitrocatechol, but also on nitrophenols, methyl nitrophenols and nitrosalicylic acids, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS For the purpose of their separation and detection in atmospheric aerosol, a new chromatographic method was initially developed based on reversed-phase chromatography coupled with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) detection. The method was afterwards transferred to a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-LITMS) system in order to identify the targeted analytes in winter aerosol from the city of Maribor, Slovenia, using their chromatographic retention times and characteristic (-)ESI product ion (MS(2) ) spectra. RESULTS The fragmentation patterns of analytes obtained with LITMS are presented. Additional nitro-aromatic compounds (m/z 168 and 182) closely related to the targeted nitrocatechols and nitroguaiacols were detected in the aerosol. According to their MS(2) spectra these compounds could be attributed to methyl homologues of methyl nitrocatechols and nitroguaiacols. CONCLUSIONS The proposed LC/MS method results in a better separation and specificity for the targeted analytes. Several nitro-aromatic compounds were detected in urban BBA. The LC/MS peak intensity of the newly detected methyl nitrocatechols and nitroguaiacols is comparable to that of the methyl nitrocatechols, which also qualifies them as suitable molecular tracers for secondary biomass burning aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Kitanovski
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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59
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Li Y, Xu L, Chen T, Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang H. Carbon nanoparticles from corn stalk soot and its novel application as stationary phase of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and per aqueous liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 726:102-8. [PMID: 22541020 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) (6-18 nm in size) were prepared by refluxing corn stalk soot in nitric acid. The obtained acid-oxidized CNPs are soluble in water due to the existence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. (13)C NMR measurement shows the CNPs are mainly of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon structure different from CNPs obtained from candle soot and natural gas soot. Furthermore, these CNPs exhibit unique photoluminescence properties. Interestingly, the CNPs might be exploited to immobilize on the surface of porous silica particles as chromatographic stationary phase. The resultant packing material was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, indicating that the new stationary phase could be used in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC) modes. The separation of five nucleosides, four sulfa compounds and safflower injection was achieved by using the new column in the HILIC and PALC modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, China
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60
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Comprehensive hydrophilic interaction and ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography for analysis of di- to deca-oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1255:237-43. [PMID: 22204934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC approach with a high degree of orthogonality was developed for analysis of di- to deca-oligonucleotides (ONs). Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was used in the first dimension, and ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) was employed in the second dimension. The two dimensions were connected via a ten-port valve interface equipped with octadecyl silica (ODS) traps to immobilize and focus the ONs eluting from the first dimension prior to IP-RPLC separation. An aqueous make-up flow was used for effective trapping. The comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC system was optimized with a mixture consisting of 27 oligonucleotide standards. An overall chromatographic peak capacity of 500 was obtained. The use of the volatile buffer triethylamine acetate in the second dimension allowed straightforward coupling to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and detection of each ON in the negative ionization mode.
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61
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Philibert GS, Olesik SV. Characterization of enhanced-fluidity liquid hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the separation of nucleosides and nucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8222-30. [PMID: 21974894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is a liquid chromatographic separation mechanism commonly used for polar biological molecules. The use of enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography (EFLC) with mixtures of methanol/water/carbon dioxide is compared to acetonitrile/water mobile phases for the separation of nucleosides and nucleotides under HILIC conditions. Enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography involves using common mobile phases with the addition of substantial proportions of a dissolved gas which provides greater mobile phase diffusivity and lower viscosity. The impact of varying several experimental parameters, including temperature, addition of base, salt, and CO₂ was studied to provide optimized HILIC separations. Each of these parameters plays a key role in the retention of the analytes, which demonstrates the complexity of the retention mechanism in HILIC. The tailing of phosphorylated compounds was overcome with the use of phosphate salts and the addition of a strong base; efficiency and peak asymmetry were compared with the addition of either triethylamine (TEA), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) or 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN). DBN and DABCO both led to increased efficiency and lower peak asymmetry; DBN provided the best results. Sodium chloride and carbon dioxide were added to enhance the selectivity between the analytes, giving a successful isocratic separation of nucleosides and nucleotides within 8 min. The retention mechanism involved in EFL-HILIC was explored by varying the temperature and the mole fraction of CO₂. These studies showed that partitioning was the dominant mechanism. The thermodynamics study confirmed that the solvent strength is maintained in EFLC and that a change in entropy was mainly responsible for the improved selectivity. The selectivity using methanol/water/carbon dioxide varied greatly compared to that obtained with acetonitrile/water. Finally while this study highlights the optimization of EFL-HILIC for the separation of nucleosides and nucleotides under isocratic conditions, this is also an example of the broad range of polarities of compounds that EFL-HILIC can separate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle S Philibert
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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62
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Kawachi Y, Ikegami T, Takubo H, Ikegami Y, Miyamoto M, Tanaka N. Chromatographic characterization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phases: Hydrophilicity, charge effects, structural selectivity, and separation efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5903-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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63
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Retention behaviour of imidazolium ionic liquid cations on 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid silica column using acetonitrile-rich and water-rich mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6884-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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64
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Schubert B, Oberacher H. Impact of solvent conditions on separation and detection of basic drugs by micro liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry under overloading conditions. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3413-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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65
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Determination of catecholamines in urine using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3854-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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66
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Li Y, Li J, Chen T, Liu X, Zhang H. Covalently bonded polysaccharide-modified stationary phase for per aqueous liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1503-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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67
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Stationary and mobile phases in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 692:1-25. [PMID: 21501708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is valuable alternative to reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations of polar, weakly acidic or basic samples. In principle, this separation mode can be characterized as normal-phase chromatography on polar columns in aqueous-organic mobile phases rich in organic solvents (usually acetonitrile). Highly organic HILIC mobile phases usually enhance ionization in the electrospray ion source of a mass spectrometer, in comparison to mobile phases with higher concentrations of water generally used in reversed-phase (RP) LC separations of polar or ionic compounds, which is another reason for increasing popularity of this technique. Various columns can be used in the HILIC mode for separations of peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides, drugs, metabolites and various natural compounds: bare silica gel, silica-based amino-, amido-, cyano-, carbamate-, diol-, polyol-, zwitterionic sulfobetaine, or poly(2-sulphoethyl aspartamide) and other polar stationary phases chemically bonded on silica gel support, but also ion exchangers or zwitterionic materials showing combined HILIC-ion interaction retention mechanism. Some stationary phases are designed to enhance the mixed-mode retention character. Many polar columns show some contributions of reversed phase (hydrophobic) separation mechanism, depending on the composition of the mobile phase, which can be tuned to suit specific separation problems. Because the separation selectivity in the HILIC mode is complementary to that in reversed-phase and other modes, combinations of the HILIC, RP and other systems are attractive for two-dimensional applications. This review deals with recent advances in the development of HILIC phase separation systems with special attention to the properties of stationary phases. The effects of the mobile phase, of sample structure and of temperature on separation are addressed, too.
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Medvedovici A, Sora ID, Radulescu M, David V. Discontinuous double mechanism for the retention of some cation-type oximes on a hydrophilic stationary phase in liquid chromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:241-244. [PMID: 32938020 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Retention data (retention factor versus acetonitrile content in the mobile phase) on a zwitterionic hydrophilic stationary phase (ZIC-HILIC) of four cationic-type aldoximes (containing one or two pyridinium rings) showed atypical V-shape profiles. Such an unusual behavior is obviously different from reported U-shaped retention plots obtained for non-ionic compounds, where the ionic strength is constant only in an aqueous component. A double retention mechanism may explain such curves: a reversed phase in highly aqueous mobile phases (more than 60%), and a normal phase for mobile phases with a high concentration of acetonitrile (% acetonitrile > 40%). Polynomial and linear equations were used to describe the dependence of the retention factor on the acetonitrile content in the mobile phase. The experimental inflexion point for each analyte is confirmed through calculation of the content of the organic solvent in the mobile phase for which the two retention functions become equal. When ionic strength becomes constant in the mobile phase the reversed phase is dominant and the retention factor versus acetonitrile content in the mobile phase becomes linear over the entire domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sos. Panduri, no. 90, Bucharest, 050663, Romania
- LaborMed Pharma S.A., Splaiul Independentei no. 319E, Bucharest, 060044, Romania
| | - Iuliana Daniela Sora
- LaborMed Pharma S.A., Splaiul Independentei no. 319E, Bucharest, 060044, Romania
| | - Medeea Radulescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sos. Panduri, no. 90, Bucharest, 050663, Romania
| | - Victor David
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sos. Panduri, no. 90, Bucharest, 050663, Romania
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69
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Chromatographic behavior of xanthines in aqueous normal phase chromatography using titania stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:721-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Guiochon G, Tarafder A. Fundamental challenges and opportunities for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1037-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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71
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Evaluation of acetone as organic modifier in SPE for bioanalytical quantitative LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:291-300. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess the suitability of acetone as an alternative to acetonitrile in SPE under otherwise commonly used conditions, with a focus on selectivity with regard to the most abundant phospholipid class. Two representative analytes were included, leuprolide and tramadol, a peptide and a small molecule, respectively. Results: The use of acetone resulted in analogous elution profiles of all monitored compounds in the majority of conditions. The only significant difference was on silica-based C18, where acetone effected markedly enhanced elution of lysophosphatidylcholines than did acetonitrile. Unmodified silica was shown to operate in per aqueous LC mode in highly aqueous conditions. Conclusion: Acetone was established as a selectively similar and slightly more eluotropic alternative to acetonitrile in bioanalytical SPE.
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Chen K, Lynen F, De Beer M, Hitzel L, Ferguson P, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Selectivity optimization in green chromatography by gradient stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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Vajda P, Felinger A, Cavazzini A. Adsorption equilibria of proline in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5965-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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75
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Fountain KJ, Xu J, Diehl DM, Morrison D. Influence of stationary phase chemistry and mobile-phase composition on retention, selectivity, and MS response in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:740-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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76
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Gritti F, dos Santos Pereira A, Sandra P, Guiochon G. Efficiency of the same neat silica column in hydrophilic interaction chromatography and per aqueous liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:683-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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Reyns T, Fraselle S, Laza D, Van Loco J. Rapid method for the confirmatory analysis of chrysoidine in aquaculture products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:982-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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McCalley DV. The challenges of the analysis of basic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography: some possible approaches for improved separations. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:858-80. [PMID: 20031138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review considers some of the difficulties encountered with the analysis of ionised bases using reversed-phase chromatography, such as detrimental interaction with column silanol groups, and overloading which both lead to poor peak shapes. Methods of overcoming these problems in reversed-phase (RP) separations, by judicious selection of the column and mobile phase conditions, are discussed. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is considered as an alternative method for the separation of some basic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V McCalley
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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79
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Comparison of the adsorption mechanisms of pyridine in hydrophilic interaction chromatography and in reversed-phase aqueous liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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