51
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Soichot M, Mégarbane B, Houzé P, Chevillard L, Fonsart J, Baud FJ, Laprévote O, Bourgogne E. Development, validation and clinical application of a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of hydroxychloroquine and its active metabolites in human whole blood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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52
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Watanabe K, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Parallel ultra high pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the quantification of HIV protease inhibitors using dried spot sample collection format. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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53
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Cho WK, Seo H, Choi SH, Kwak HJ, Cheon HG, Jeon DJ, Kim SK, Bae MA, Song JS. Determination of a novel phosphodiesterase4 inhibitor, 3-[1-(3cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid (PDE-423) in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:321-4. [PMID: 25065367 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method for determining a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, 3-[1-(3cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid (PDE-423), in rat plasma was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for further pharmacokinetic study for development as a novel anti-asthmatic drug. PDE-423 in the concentration range of 0.02-10 µg/mL was linear with a correlation coefficient of >0.99, and the mean intra- and inter-assay precisions of the assay were 7.50 and 3.86%, respectively. The validated method was used successfully for a pharmacokinetic study of PDE-423 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Ki Cho
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, ChungNam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Sauerborn M, van Dongen W. Practical Considerations for the Pharmacokinetic and Immunogenic Assessment of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. BioDrugs 2014; 28:383-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-014-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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55
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Pinto GA, Pastre KIF, Bellorio KB, de Souza Teixeira L, de Souza WC, de Abreu FC, de Santana e Silva Cardoso FF, Pianetti GA, César IC. An improved LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of indapamide in whole blood: application for a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1212-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kátia Isabel Fercondini Pastre
- MAGABI Pesquisas Clínicas e Farmacêuticas; Rodovia Pres. Castello Branco, km 35.6, Complexo Industrial, Bloco 9 06696-000 Itapevi SP Brazil
| | - Karini Bruno Bellorio
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53 74175-100 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | - Weidson Carlo de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53 74175-100 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | | | - Gerson Antônio Pianetti
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa César
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53 74175-100 Goiânia GO Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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56
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Rugged and accurate quantitation of colchicine in human plasma to support colchicine poisoning monitoring by using turbulent-flow LC–MS/MS analysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2889-96. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colchicine is a common drug used in inflammatory diseases. The narrow therapeutic index requires fast and reliable techniques for its quantitation. An online, automated sample preparation using TurboFlow™ technology combined with triple-stage quadrupole MS detection was applied to identify colchicine in human plasma and follow intoxications. Methodology: Plasma samples (200 µl) were mixed with deuterated colchicine and protein precipitation ZnSO4 solutions. After centrifugation, supernatants were extracted onto a Cyclone P TurboFlow column and eluted onto a narrowbore Hypersil™ GOLD column with a methanol/water gradient. Analytes were monitored in SRM mode (positive electrospray). Results: Total run time was 9.5 min. Calibration curves ranged from 0.342 to 17.1 ng/ml, with significant linearity (R2 >0.99). Inter- and intra-assay precisions were <16.8% and accuracy was 84.4–110%. Conclusion: This method is suitable for monitoring intoxication in patients undergoing chronic treatment and is routinely applied to toxicological samples.
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57
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Hopfgartner G, Lesur A, Varesio E. Analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS II. LC-MS/MS analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Zhang X, Li F, Lv H, Wu Y, Bian G, Jiang K. On the origin of the methyl radical loss from deprotonated ferulic and isoferulic acids: electronic excitation of a transient structure. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:941-948. [PMID: 23580242 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Formation of radical fragments from even-electron ions is an exception to the "even-electron rule". In this work, ferulic acid (FA) and isoferulic acid (IFA) were used as the model compounds to probe the fragmentation mechanisms and the isomeric effects on homolytic cleavage. Elimination of methyl radical and CO2 are the two competing reactions observed in the CID-MS of [FA - H](-) and [IFA - H](-), of which losing methyl radical violates the "even-electron rule". The relative intensity of their product ions is significantly different, and thereby the two isomeric compounds can be differentiated by tandem MS. Theoretical calculations indicate that both the singlet-triplet gap and the excitation energy decrease in the transient structures, as the breaking C-O bond is lengthened. The methyl radical elimination has been rationalized as the intramolecular electronic excitation of a transient structure with an elongating C-O bond. The potential energy diagrams, completed by the addition of the energy barrier of the radical elimination, have provided a reasonable explanation of the different CID-MS behaviors of [FA - H](-) and [IFA - H](-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
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59
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Saito M. History of supercritical fluid chromatography: Instrumental development. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:590-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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60
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Taverna D, Di Donna L, Mazzotti F, Policicchio B, Sindona G. High-throughput determination of Sudan Azo-dyes within powdered chili pepper by paper spray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:544-547. [PMID: 23674278 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput mass spectrometric method is presented for the simultaneous detection of Sudan I, II, III, IV and Para-Red azo-dyes in foodstuff. The method is based on the use of paper spray mass spectrometry (MS) and deuterium-labeled internal standards on a triple-quadrupole instrument. A detailed assay of each azo-dye was performed by the isotope dilution method, through the precursor ion scan approach, using deuterium-labeled internal standards. The gas-phase breakdown pattern of each labeled and unlabeled analogue displays the naphthoic moiety as a common fragment. Sudan dyes can be determined above the threshold of 1 ppm. Paper spray allows for a wide range of analytes and samples to be investigated by MS in the open air and without sample preparation and bypassing chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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61
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Papp R, Andersson U, Cantin LD. Evaluating MISER chromatography for a rapid formulation screen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 77:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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62
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Schneider BB, Covey TR, Nazarov EG. DMS-MS separations with different transport gas modifiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-013-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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63
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Lavoie DSG, Pailleux F, Vachon P, Beaudry F. Characterization of xylazine metabolism in rat liver microsomes using liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:882-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David St-Germain Lavoie
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de biomedicine vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada
| | - Floriane Pailleux
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de biomedicine vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada
- UMR 5280 CNRS Université de Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques; Université de Lyon; 69622 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Pascal Vachon
- Département de biomedicine vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de biomedicine vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada
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64
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Berg T, Jørgenrud B, Strand DH. Determination of buprenorphine, fentanyl and LSD in whole blood by UPLC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37:159-65. [PMID: 23423312 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of buprenorphine, fentanyl and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in whole blood. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with methyl tert-butyl ether. UPLC-MS-MS analysis was performed with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate (pH 10.2) and methanol. Positive electrospray ionization MS-MS detection was performed with two multiple reaction monitoring transitions for each of the analytes and the deuterium labeled internal standards. Limit of detection values of buprenorphine, fentanyl and LSD were 0.28, 0.044 and 0.0097 ng/mL and limit of quantification values were 0.94, 0.14 and 0.036 ng/mL, respectively. Most phospholipids were removed during LLE. No or only minor matrix effects were observed. The method has been routinely used at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health since September 2011 for qualitative and quantitative detections of buprenorphine, fentanyl and/or LSD in more than 400 whole blood samples with two replicates per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berg
- Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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65
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Metabolite structure analysis by high-resolution MS: supporting drug-development studies. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:463-79. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective characterization of drug metabolites in complex biological matrices is facilitated by mass spectrometers with high resolving power, mass accuracy and sensitivity. This review begins with an overview of high-resolution MS terminology and the different types of instrumentation that are currently available. Metabolite structure analysis offers unique challenges and, therefore, the different types of approaches used to solve problems are highlighted through specific examples. Overall, this review describes the value that high-resolution MS brings to drug-metabolism studies.
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66
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Kandiah M, Urban PL. Advances in ultrasensitive mass spectrometry of organic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5299-322. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Liu ZY. An introduction to hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography applied to drug metabolism studies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1627-1642. [PMID: 23280752 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism studies play an important role at various stages of drug discovery and development. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become a most powerful and widely used analytical tool for identifying drug metabolites. The suitability of different types of mass spectrometers for metabolite profiling differs widely, and therefore, the data quality and reliability of the results also depend on which instrumentation is used. As one of the latest LC/MS instrumentation designs, hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight MS coupled with LC (LC-IT-TOF-MS) has successfully integrated ease of operation, compatibility with LC flow rates and data-dependent MS(n) with high mass accuracy and mass resolving power. The MS(n) and accurate mass capabilities are routinely utilized to rapidly confirm the identification of expected metabolites or to elucidate the structures of uncommon or unexpected metabolites. These features make the LC-IT-TOF-MS a very powerful analytical tool for metabolite identification. This paper begins with a brief introduction to some basic principles and main properties of a hybrid IT-TOF instrument. Then, a general workflow for metabolite profiling using LC-IT-TOF-MS, starting from sample collection and preparation to final identification of the metabolite structures, is discussed in detail. The data extraction and mining techniques to find and confirm metabolites are discussed and illustrated with some examples. This paper is directed to readers with no prior experience with LC-IT-TOF-MS and will provide a broad understanding of the development and utility of this instrument for drug metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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68
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Investigation of microbore UPLC and nontraditional mobile phase compositions for bioanalytical LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1287-97. [PMID: 22720648 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The movement towards environmentally friendly or green chemistry solutions has gained more prominence recently in the scientific community. One way in which scientists can address this issue is to limit the use of hazardous chemicals in their everyday processes. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the utilization of microbore-scale chromatography and nontraditional alcoholic mobile phases as an alternative approach to traditional bioanalytical LC-MS/MS assay parameters. RESULTS Replacement of the traditional narrowbore LC column with a microbore format reduced solvent consumption and produced a greater than threefold increase in S/N. The nontraditional alcoholic mobile phases, ethanol or isopropanol, produced either greater peak area counts, or S/N, for over half of the compounds evaluated, compared with the traditional organic mobile phases of acetonitrile and methanol. These nontraditional alcoholic mobile phases also showed improved capability in the removal of plasma phospholipid components from the chromatographic column. The ionizable background detected in each of the organic mobile phases utilized in this study produced a unique background that may or may not interfere with compounds undergoing analysis. CONCLUSION The combination of microbore columns and nontraditional alcoholic mobile phases has been shown to produce effective, alternative method conditions to traditional bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method parameters.
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69
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Sun L, Li H, Willson K, Breidinger S, Rizk ML, Wenning L, Woolf EJ. Ultrasensitive Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methodologies for Quantification of Five HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors in Plasma for a Microdose Clinical Trial. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8614-21. [PMID: 23030780 DOI: 10.1021/ac301581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Hankun Li
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Kenneth Willson
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Sheila Breidinger
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Matthew L. Rizk
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Larissa Wenning
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Eric J. Woolf
- Merck Research Laboratories,
West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
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Abstract
LC–MS has become the method-of-choice in small-molecule drug bioanalysis (molecular mass <800 Da) and is also increasingly being applied as an alternative to ligand-binding assays for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals. Triple quadrupole MS is the established bioanalytical technique due to its unpreceded selectivity and sensitivity, but high-resolution accurate-mass MS is recently gaining ground due to its ability to provide simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites. This article discusses current trends in the field of bioanalytical LC–MS (until September 2012), and provides an overview of currently available commercial triple quadrupole MS and high-resolution LC–MS instruments as applied for the bioanalysis of small-molecule and biopharmaceutical drugs.
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71
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Universal LC-MS method for minimized carryover in a discovery bioanalytical setting. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1025-37. [PMID: 22612684 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A frequent impediment to accurate quantitation in bioanalytical LC-MS arises from carryover. For many new chemical entities in drug discovery carryover is not limited to the autosampler, but instead arises from several different sources. METHOD We tested several different columns, injector wash sequences and gradient compositions to understand and eliminate these sources. In many instances carryover was dictated by the elution gradient and column as much as the autosampler hardware and wash protocol. CONCLUSION Several trends were observed. First, different columns resulted in significantly different amounts of carryover (even for nominally the same column chemistry). Second, a continuous high organic wash of the column was not as effective at removing carryover as cycling between high and low organic mobile phases during the column wash. Combining our observations (column, gradient and autosampler configuration) we devised a short 3-min method that is appropriate for a diverse set of new chemical entities and minimizes carryover while still being sufficiently robust to use in a drug-discovery setting.
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72
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Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Quantification of acetaminophen and two of its metabolites in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–low and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 904:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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73
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In silico prediction for the investigation of comedication interferences in quantitative LC–MS detection in the SRM mode. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1907-17. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: LC–SRM/MS method validation in quantitative bioanalysis requires screening for potential interferences caused by the coelution of comedications or their metabolites. Current approaches are time-consuming, difficult to transfer to other experimental systems and not comprehensive. We propose an in silico strategy based on predicted LC retention time and MS precursor interferences to rank compounds that could potentially interfere with the analyte of interest, followed by a more focused experimental verification. Results: The suggested screening strategy was applied to investigate 129 potential comedications in everolimus patient samples analyzed with a validated LC–SRM/MS assay. A mixture of analytes with the same nominal mass was also investigated to illustrate the interference issues in SRM method development. Conclusion: A strategy was developed that allows the rapid screening of comedications, which is scalable to any analyte and transferable to any other LC–MS system.
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74
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Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bioanalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:892-905. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS
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75
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A rapid HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for determination of dihydrouracil/uracil ratio in plasma: evaluation of toxicity to 5-flurouracil in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Ther Drug Monit 2012; 34:59-66. [PMID: 22210098 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e318240405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of endogenous uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) was developed and tested in a Brazilian population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer previously exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5FU). METHODS The analytes were extracted by a liquid-liquid method using 5-clorouracil as internal standard. The separation was performed on a reversed-phase XTerra C18 column with a mobile phase composed of methanol and aqueous 0.1% ammonium hydroxide (15:85). Mass spectrometry detection was carried out using negative electrospray ionization and selected reaction monitoring. Bovine serum albumin was employed as an alternative matrix to prepare the calibration standards, aiming to avoid the measurement of physiologic U and UH2. Calibration curves were constructed over the range of 5-200 ng/mL for U and 10-500 ng/mL for UH2. RESULTS The mean RSD values in the intrarun precision were 6.5% and 10.0% and in the interrun precision were 7.8% and 9.0% for U and UH2, respectively. The mean accuracy values were within the range of 90%-110% for both analytes. The analytes were stable in plasma under different conditions of temperature and time. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of U and UH2 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (n = 32) previously treated with 5FU and for whom clinical toxicity was well documented. U concentrations varied from 21.8 to 56.6 ng/mL, whereas UH2 concentrations varied from 57.7 to 271.5 ng/mL. UH2/U ratio ranged from 1.56 to 6.18. CONCLUSIONS The method has proved to provide a quick, reliable, and reproducible quantitation of the plasma concentrations of U and its metabolite UH2. The UH2/U ratios did not discriminate patients previously exposed to 5FU with and without severe toxicities, possibly due to the small sample. Further studies in a larger population are desirable.
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Prueksaritanont T, Tang C. ADME of biologics-what have we learned from small molecules? AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:410-9. [PMID: 22484625 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thorough characterization and in-depth understanding of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties of a drug candidate have been well recognized as an important element in small molecule (SM) drug discovery and development. This has been the area of focus for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) scientists, whose role has been evolving over the past few decades from primarily being involved in the development space after a preclinical candidate was selected to extending their involvement into the discovery stage prior to candidate selection. This paradigm shift has ensured the entry into development of the best candidates with optimal ADME properties, and thus has greatly impacted SM drug development through significant reduction of the failure rate for pharmacokinetics related reasons. In contrast, the sciences of ADME and DMPK have not been fully integrated into the discovery and development processes for large molecule (LM) drugs. In this mini-review, we reflect on the journey of DMPK support of SM drug discovery and development and highlight the key enablers that have allowed DMPK scientists to make such impacts, with the aim to provide a perspective on relevant lessons learned from SM drugs that are applicable to DMPK support strategies for LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomayant Prueksaritanont
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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77
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Abstract
Recent advances in quadrupole TOF (Q-TOF) MS have some bioanalytical scientists referring to a ‘paradigm shift’ in their field. They are speaking of a potential move away from workflows based upon triple-quadrupole MS. Gone would be the optimizing of numerous parameters in selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) experiments, replaced with more generic workflows provided by Q-TOF instruments with high data acquisition rates, excellent mass accuracy (≤5 ppm) and high resolving power (≥30,000). Such a move could pay real dividends for high-throughput workflows, especially in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics analyses where quantitation and qualification studies could actually be merged. But, are modern Q-TOF-MS instruments, touted as high-resolution MS, ready for this? If not, how close is it? This article will examine these questions by reviewing recent advances in Q-TOF technology and some fascinating orthogonal technology (such as ion mobility) that modern Q-TOFs employ for even greater analytical power.
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78
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Niu W, Zhu X, Yu K, Li L, Sun Y, Li C. Nebulizing conditions of pneumatic electrospray ionization significantly influence electrolyte effects on compound measurement. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:370-80. [PMID: 22431465 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Composition of mobile phase can greatly influence the success of electrospray ionization (ESI)-interfaced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. To investigate the relationship between formic-acid-based modification of mobile phase and ESI nebulizing conditions, an API 4000 ESI source and a TSQ Quantum one were compared under the same chromatographic conditions. Ginkgo terpene lactones and flavonols were measured in plasma, which involved using ascorbic acid to circumvent cross-interference between the analytes. ESI responses to using formic acid included changes in signal intensity, matrix effect, and upper limit of quantification. Significant disparities in the responses were observed between the two ESI sources, suggesting that the use of electrolyte modifier in liquid chromatography mobile phase and the pneumatic nebulization for ESI should be properly balanced to accomplish optimal ESI-based analysis. The distribution of unpaired ions toward the surface of the initial droplet was assumed to be an important step in the pneumatic ESI process. When using the electrolyte in mobile phase, a too fast droplet reduction by rapid-heating-assisted pneumatic nebulization could negatively decrease the time available for the unpaired ions to migrate from droplet interior to its surface. Ascorbic acid was identified as a major interfering substance for the bioanalytical assay; the interference mechanism might be associated with hindering the unpaired analyte ions from distributing toward the droplet surface rather than outcompeting the analyte ions for the limited excess charge on droplets surface. The current work extends the knowledge base of pneumatic ESI, which has implication for optimal use of the ESI-interfaced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Niu
- Laboratory of DMPK Research of Herbal Medicines, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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79
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Byrro RMD, César IC, de Santana e Silva Cardoso FF, Mundim IM, Teixeira LDS, Bonfim RR, Gomes SA, Pianetti GA. A rapid and sensitive HPLC–APCI-MS/MS method determination of fluticasone in human plasma: Application for a bioequivalency study in nasal spray formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 61:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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80
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Yang Q, Wang H, Maas JD, Chappell WJ, Manicke NE, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Paper spray ionization devices for direct, biomedical analysis using mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 312:201-207. [PMID: 22350566 PMCID: PMC3281765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization has been developed as a direct, fast and low-cost sampling and ionization method for qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of complex mixtures. Analyte ions are generated by applying a high voltage and a small volume (~10 μL) of spray solvent onto a porous substrate. The sample can be preloaded onto the paper or mixed into the spray solution. The geometry of the paper and the method of supplying the necessary internal standard are important factors that affect the ionization efficiency and subsequently the sensitivity and quantitation accuracy of the analytical data. As the cut angle of the paper tip is changed, the spray plume, the total spray current and the electric field intensity at the tip all vary correspondingly, with resulting differences in signal intensity. Sample load is another important factor for obtaining a stable MS signal and accurate quantitative results. The optimal sample load was found to be dependent on the paper size. The dissolution and spray process was also investigated and analyte transfer on paper was shown to be largely associated with bulk solution flow towards the spray tip. The information gathered from these systematic studies provides guidance for the design and optimization of a disposable sample cartridge for paper spray MS, a device which potentially is suitable for fast clinical analysis, especially for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - He Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Maas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William J. Chappell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Professor R. Graham Cooks, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Tel:(765) 494-5263, Fax: (765) 494-9421, . Professor Zheng Ouyang, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, Tel: (765) 494-2214, Fax: (765) 496-1912,
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Professor R. Graham Cooks, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Tel:(765) 494-5263, Fax: (765) 494-9421, . Professor Zheng Ouyang, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, Tel: (765) 494-2214, Fax: (765) 496-1912,
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81
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Determination of a novel TAZ modulator, 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine] (TM-25659) in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 63:47-52. [PMID: 22357285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
TM-25659 compound, a novel TAZ modulator, is developed for the control of bone loss and obesity. TAZ is known to bind to a variety of transcription factors to control cell differentiation and organ development. A selective and sensitive method was developed for the determination of TM-25659 concentrations in rat plasma. The drug was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. TM-25659 and the internal standard imipramine were separated on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium formate (10 mM) (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. The ions m/z 501.2→207.2 for TM-25659 and m/z 281.0→86.0 for imipramine in multiple reaction monitoring mode were used for the quantitation. The calibration range was 0.1-100 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The lower limit of quantitation of TM-25659 in rat plasma was 0.1 μg/ml. The percent recoveries of TM-25659 and imipramine were 98.6% and 95.7% from rat plasma, respectively. The intra- and inter-batch precisions were 3.17-15.95% and the relative error was 0.38-10.82%. The developed assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of TM-25659 administered intravenously (10 mg/kg) to rats.
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82
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Wu YH, Wu ML, Lin CC, Chu WL, Yang CC, Lin RT, Deng JF. Determination of caprolactam and 6-aminocaproic acid in human urine using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 885-886:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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83
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The most convenient and general approach for plasma sample clean-up: multifunction adsorption and supported liquid extraction. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:223-5. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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84
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High-resolution mass spectrometry for integrated qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2587-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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85
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Abstract
Two frontline MS technologies, which have recently gained much attention, are discussed within the scope of this review. Besides a brief summary on the contemporary state of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the principles of multiple reaction monitoring and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS imaging are presented. A comprehensive overview of quantitative mass spectrometry applications is provided, covering multiple reaction monitoring assay developments for analysis of proteins (biomarkers) and low-molecular-weight compounds (drugs) with a special focus on the disease areas of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The MALDI-MS imaging applications are discussed similarly, providing references to studies conducted on lung tissues in order to localize drug compounds and protein biomarkers.
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86
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César IDC, Byrro RMD, de Santana e Silva Cardoso FF, Mundim IM, de Souza Teixeira L, Pontes da Silva E, Gomes SA, Bonfim RR, Pianetti GA. Simultaneous quantitation of levodopa and 3-O-methyldopa in human plasma by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS: Application for a pharmacokinetic study with a levodopa/benserazide formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:1094-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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87
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Hooff GP, van Kampen JJA, Meesters RJW, van Belkum A, Goessens WHF, Luider TM. Characterization of β-lactamase enzyme activity in bacterial lysates using MALDI-mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:79-84. [PMID: 22013912 DOI: 10.1021/pr200858r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid-encoded β-lactamases are a major reason for antibiotic resistance in gram negative bacteria. These enzymes hydrolyze the β-lactam ring structure of certain β-lactam antibiotics, consequently leading to their inactivation. The clinical situation demands for specific first-line antibiotic therapy combined with a quick identification of bacterial strains and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Strategies for the identification of β-lactamase activity are often cumbersome and usually lack sensitivity and specificity. The current work demonstrates that matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is an ideal tool for these analytical investigations. Herein, we describe a fast and specific assay to determine β-lactamase activity in bacterial lysates. The feasibility of the analytical read-out was demonstrated on a MALDI-triple quadrupole (QqQ) and a MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) instrument, and the results allow the comparison of both approaches. The assay specifically measures enzyme-mediated, time-dependent hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring structure of penicillin G and ampicillin and inhibition of hydrolysis by clavulanic acid for clavulanic acid susceptible β-lactamases. The assay is reproducible and builds the basis for future in-depth investigations of β-lactamase activity in various bacterial strains by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero P Hooff
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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88
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Mohamed R, Guy PA. The pivotal role of mass spectrometry in determining the presence of chemical contaminants in food raw materials. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1073-1095. [PMID: 21425183 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, a rising interest from consumers and various governmental organizations towards the quality of food has continuously been observed. Human intervention across the different stages of the food supply chain can lead to the presence of several types of chemical contaminants in food-based products. On a normal daily consumption basis, some of these chemicals are not harmful; however, for those that present a risk to consumers, legislation rules were established to specify tolerance levels or in some cases the total forbiddance of these specific contaminants. Hence, the use of appropriate analytical tools is recommended to properly identify chemical contaminants. In that context, mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques coupled or not to chromatography offer a vast panel of features such as sensitivity, selectivity, quantification at trace levels, and/or structural elucidation. Because of the complexity of food-based matrices, sample preparation is a crucial step before final detection. In the present manuscript, we review the contribution and the potentialities of MS-based techniques to ensure the absence of chemical contaminants in food-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Mohamed
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, P.O. Box 44, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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89
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César IC, Byrro RMD, Santana e Silva Cardoso FF, Mundim IM, Souza Teixeira L, Rezende KR, Silva EP, Gomes SA, Sousa VA, Bonfim RR, Pianetti GA. Quantitation of glucosamine sulfate in plasma by HPLC-MS/MS after administration of powder for oral solution formulation. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:851-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iram Moreira Mundim
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Leonardo Souza Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Kênnia Rocha Rezende
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Av. Universitária 1166; 74605-220; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Enikson Pontes Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Sandro Antônio Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Vilmar Alves Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues Bonfim
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alameda Coronel Eugênio Jardim 53; 74175-100; Goiânia; GO; Brazil
| | - Gerson Antônio Pianetti
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627; 31270-901; Belo Horizonte; MG; Brazil
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90
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Fuhrer T, Heer D, Begemann B, Zamboni N. High-Throughput, Accurate Mass Metabolome Profiling of Cellular Extracts by Flow Injection–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7074-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Begemann
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich PhD Program on Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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91
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Simultaneous quantitation of histamine and its major metabolite 1-methylhistamine in brain dialysates by using precolumn derivatization prior to HILIC-MS/MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:449-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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92
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93
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Ramanathan R, Jemal M, Ramagiri S, Xia YQ, Humpreys WG, Olah T, Korfmacher WA. It is time for a paradigm shift in drug discovery bioanalysis: from SRM to HRMS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:595-601. [PMID: 21630388 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It can be argued that the last true paradigm shift in the bioanalytical (BA) arena was the shift from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection to HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection after the commercialization of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the 1990s. HPLC-MS/MS analysis based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM) has become the gold standard for BA assays and is used by all the major pharmaceutical companies for the quantitative analysis of new drug entities (NCEs) as part of the new drug discovery and development process. While LC-MS/MS continues to be the best tool for drug discovery bioanalysis, a new paradigm involving high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (uHPLC) is starting to make inroads into the pharmaceutical industry. The ability to collect full scan spectra, with excellent mass accuracy, mass resolution, 10-250 ms scan speeds and no NCE-related MS parameter optimization, makes the uHPLC-HRMS techniques suitable for quantitative analysis of NCEs while preserving maximum qualitative information about other drug-related and endogenous components such as metabolites, degradants, biomarkers and formulation materials. In this perspective article, we provide some insight into the evolution of the hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight (Qq-TOF) mass spectrometer and propose some of the desirable specifications that such HRMS systems should have to be integrated into the drug discovery bioanalytical workflow for performing integrated qualitative and quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and related components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragu Ramanathan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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94
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Trufelli H, Palma P, Famiglini G, Cappiello A. An overview of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:491-509. [PMID: 21500246 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-dependent signal suppression or enhancement represents a major drawback in quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC-API-MS). Because matrix effects (ME) might exert a detrimental impact on important method parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision), they have to be tested and evaluated during validation procedure. This review gives a detailed description on when these phenomena might be expected, and how they can be evaluated. The major sources of ME are discussed and illustrated with examples from bioanalytical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis. Because there is no universal solution for ME, the main strategies to overcome these phenomena are described in detail. Special emphasis is devoted to the sample-preparation procedures as well as to the recent improvements on chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. An overview of the main calibration techniques to compensate for ME is also presented. All these solutions can be used alone or in combination to retrieve the performance of the LC-MS for a particular matrix-analyte combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Trufelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento, 6-61029 Urbino, Italy
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95
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Leib RD, Williams ER. Simultaneous quantitation of amino acid mixtures using clustering agents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:624-632. [PMID: 21472601 PMCID: PMC3062766 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method that uses the abundances of large clusters formed in electrospray ionization to determine the solution-phase molar fractions of amino acids in multi-component mixtures is demonstrated. For solutions containing either four or 10 amino acids, the relative abundances of protonated molecules differed from their solution-phase molar fractions by up to 30-fold and 100-fold, respectively. For the four-component mixtures, the molar fractions determined from the abundances of larger clusters consisting of 19 or more molecules were within 25% of the solution-phase molar fractions, indicating that the abundances and compositions of these clusters reflect the relative concentrations of these amino acids in solution, and that ionization and detection biases are significantly reduced. Lower accuracy was obtained for the 10-component mixtures where values determined from the cluster abundances were typically within a factor of three of their solution molar fractions. The lower accuracy of this method with the more complex mixtures may be due to specific clustering effects owing to the heterogeneity as a result of significantly different physical properties of the components, or it may be the result of lower S/N for the more heterogeneous clusters and not including the low-abundance more highly heterogeneous clusters in this analysis. Although not as accurate as using traditional standards, this clustering method may find applications when suitable standards are not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Leib
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 USA
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96
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Kim MS, Park JS, Jang SM, Lee BH, Ahn SH, Ahn JH, Yoo SE, Song IS, Silinski P, Schneider SE, Bae MA. Determination of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV agonist, β-aminoacyl containing thiazolidine derivatives (KR-66223) in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:1083-8. [PMID: 21466936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV agonist (DDP-IV) agonist, KR-66223, in rat plasma. It involves liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by HPLC separation and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. KR-66223 and imipramine (IS) was separated on Gemini-NX C18 column with mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium formate (10mM) (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase. The ion transitions monitored were m/z 553.2→206.2 for KR-66223, m/z 281.3→86.1 for imipramine in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The linear ranges of the assay were 0.003-10μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R(2)) greater than 0.99 and the lower limit of quantification was 3ng/ml. The average recovery was 78.9% and 87.1% from rat plasma for KR-66223 and imipramine, respectively. The coefficients of variation of intra- and inter-assay were 3.9-14.4% and the relative error was 0.8-11.5%. The method was validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of KR-66223 in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sun Kim
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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97
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Quantification of glucuronidated and sulfated steroids in human urine by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:503-16. [PMID: 21380753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The urinary steroid profile is constituted by anabolic androgenic steroids, including testosterone and its relatives, that are extensively metabolized into phase II sulfated or glucuronidated steroids. The use of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an issue for the direct analysis of conjugated steroids, which can be used as urinary markers of exogenous steroid administration in doping analysis, without hydrolysis of the conjugated moiety. In this study, a sensitive and selective ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method was developed to quantify major urinary metabolites simultaneously after testosterone intake. The sample preparation of the urine (1 mL) was performed by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB sorbent using a 96-well plate format. The conjugated steroids were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS(E) with a single-gradient elution of 36 min (including re-equilibration time) in the negative electrospray ionization mode. MS(E) analysis involved parallel alternating acquisitions of both low- and high-collision energy functions. The method was validated and applied to samples collected from a clinical study performed with a group of healthy human volunteers who had taken testosterone, which were compared with samples from a placebo group. Quantitative results were also compared to GC-MS and LC-MS/MS measurements, and the correlations between data were found appropriate. The acquisition of full mass spectra over the entire mass range with QTOF mass analyzers gives promise of the opportunity to extend the steroid profile to a higher number of conjugated steroids.
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98
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Douat J, Vachon P, Beaudry F. Characterization of in vitro metabolism of capsazepine, a vanilloid transient receptor potential channel antagonist, by liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:479-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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99
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Peptide and protein drug analysis by MS: challenges and opportunities for the discovery environment. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:645-57. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Straightforward assay development using MS has become commonplace in most modern pharmaceutical laboratories. In particular, MS is an invaluable tool in the discovery environment of this industry, making it possible to characterize the structures of target drugs and to screen large numbers of potential drug candidates in metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies, and much more. Furthermore, as drug portfolios expand to include biotherapeutic species, such as peptides and proteins, MS is there to meet any analytical challenges. In this article, general aspects of MS in the discovery environment are discussed, as well as what the future might hold.
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100
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Gauthier ML, Douat J, Vachon P, Beaudry F. Characterization of [6]-gingerol metabolism in rat by liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1150-8. [PMID: 21337351 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
[6]-Gingerol is a structural analog of capsaicin, an agonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1, which is known to have therapeutic properties for the treatment of pain and inflammation. A selective and sensitive quantitative method for the determination of [6]-gingerol by HPLC-ESI/MS/MS was developed. The method consisted of a protein precipitation extraction followed by analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo 100 × 2.1 mm C(8) column combined with an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (80:20:0.1) at a flow rate of 250 μL/min. The mass spectrometer was operating in SRM mode and an analytical range set at 20-5000 ng/mL was used to construct a calibration curve in rat plasma. The interbatch precision (%CV) and accuracy (%NOM) observed were 2.9-10.8% and 98.1-102.1% in rat plasma. Similarly, precision and accuracy in rat liver microsomal suspension were also evaluated at nominal concentrations of 1, 25 and 100 μm; the precision (%CV) was <3.4% and the accuracy (%NOM) observed ranged from 89.7 to 109.4%. An in vitro metabolic stability study using rat liver microsomes was performed to determine intrinsic clearance of [6]-gingerol. The results show slow degradation with a T(1/2) of 163 min and relatively low intrinsic clearance suggesting that phase I metabolism may not be a major contributor of the drug clearance. Further analyses were performed to characterize in vitro and in vivo metabolites. Three main phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites were identified by HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-MSD TOF. However, the results suggest that glucuronidation of hydroxylated [6]-gingerol is the primary metabolite excreted in rat urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lou Gauthier
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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