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Venditti A, Bianco A, Muscolo C, Zorzetto C, Sánchez-Mateo CC, Rabanal RM, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Damiano S, Iannarelli R, Lupidi G, Papa F, Petrelli D, Vitali LA, Vittori S, Maggi F. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Schizogyne sericea (Asteraceae) Endemic to Canary Islands. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:826-36. [PMID: 27272544 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schizogyne sericea (Asteraceae) is a halophytic shrub endemic to the Canary Islands and traditionally employed as analgesic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and vulnerary. A comprehensive phytochemical investigation was conducted on the flowering aerial parts by analyzing both essential oil constituents and polar compounds. The essential oil was dominated by p-cymene, with the noteworthy occurrence of β-pinene and thymol esters. From the EtOH extract, eight compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated. Essential oil, polar fractions, and isolates (2), (4), and (5) were separately in vitro assayed for antiproliferative activity on human tumor cell lines (A375, MDA-MB 231, and HCT116) by MTT assay, for antioxidant potential by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and for antimicrobial activity by the agar disk diffusion method. Results revealed that essential oil and compounds 1 and 2 exert a strong inhibition on tumor cells, and in some cases, higher than that of cisplatin. Fractions containing thymol derivatives (1 and 2) and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives 4 and 5 displayed antioxidant activity comparable to that of Trolox, making S. sericea extract an interesting natural product with potential applications as preservative or in the treatment of diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome. .,Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
| | | | - Camilla Muscolo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome
| | - Christian Zorzetto
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, ES-38071, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife
| | - Candelaria C Sánchez-Mateo
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, ES-38071, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife
| | - Rosa M Rabanal
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, ES-38071, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Silvia Damiano
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Romilde Iannarelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Dezemona Petrelli
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile II Da Varano, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Luca A Vitali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino
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Cardozo Junior EL, Morand C. Interest of mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular health – A review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Souza AH, Corrêa RC, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Santos-Buelga C, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Matsushita M, Ferreira IC. Phytochemicals and bioactive properties of Ilex paraguariensis : An in-vitro comparative study between the whole plant, leaves and stems. Food Res Int 2015; 78:286-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen X, Miao J, Wang H, Zhao F, Hu J, Gao P, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yan M. The anti-inflammatory activities of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. extract and its components in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:72-80. [PMID: 25975516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. (A. fragrans) is a traditional Chinese herbal that contains components like 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. It exhibits anti-inflammatory activities which has been used for the treatment of gynecological diseases for many years in China. The aims of the present study were to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of A. fragrans and elucidate the underlying mechanisms with regard to its molecular basis of action for the best component. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of A. fragrans were studied by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitory κBα (IκBα) degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were further investigated. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that A. fragrans could suppress the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further investigations showed A. fragrans could suppress iNOS expression. A. fragrans also inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. A. fragrans significantly decreased the degradation of IκBα, reduced the level of nuclear translocation of p65. All these results suggested the inhibitory effects of A. fragrans on the production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that A. fragrans inhibited inflammatory events and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of NF-κB pathway. This study gives scientific evidence that validate the use of A. fragrans in treatment of patients with gynecological diseases in clinical practice in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jingshan Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Murad LD, Soares NDCP, Brand C, Monteiro MC, Teodoro AJ. Effects of caffeic and 5-caffeoylquinic acids on cell viability and cellular uptake in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:532-42. [PMID: 25803129 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1004736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Issues related to the role of diet in cancer prevention and treatment are featured each year, and, in this context, consumption of hydroxycinanmic acids is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases including cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular uptake of caffeic and 5-caffeoylquinic acids and their effects on cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). HT-29 cells were incubated with different concentrations of caffeic and 5-caffeoylquinic acids (1.25 µM to 80.0 µM) from 0.5 to 96 h. Cellular uptake was analyzed by HPLC and LCMS. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis was measured, respectively, using MTT method and flow cytometry. Caffeic and 5-caffeoylquinic acids are absorbed, isomerized, and metabolized by HT-29 cells. Both compounds were able to reduce HT-29 cell viability, promoting specific changes in the cell cycle and increased the apoptosis rate. Caffeic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid showed inhibitory effects on cell growth, suggesting a modulation of the cell cycle with an increase in apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Dalbem Murad
- a Food and Nutrition Master Program , Nutritional Biochemistry Core , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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The positive effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients 2015; 7:730-50. [PMID: 25621503 PMCID: PMC4344557 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide over the past three decades. Global anti-obesity strategies focus on dietary and lifestyle modifications to slow the development of obesity. Research in the nutrition field has recently aroused considerable interest based on the potential of natural products to counteract obesity. Several studies have identified yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) as an excellent candidate. In this review, we evaluated the impact of yerba maté on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrate that yerba maté suppresses adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation and reduces inflammation. Animal studies show that yerba maté modulates signaling pathways that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insulin signaling responses. In summary, the data presented here showed that the use of yerba maté might be useful against obesity, improving the lipid parameters in humans and animal models. In addition, yerba maté modulates the expression of genes that are changed in the obese state and restores them to more normal levels of expression. In doing so, it addresses several of the abnormal and disease-causing factors associated with obesity. Protective and ameliorative effects on insulin resistance were also observed. Thus, as a general conclusion, it seems that yerba maté beverages and supplements might be helpful in the battle against obesity.
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57
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Yu S, Yue SW, Liu Z, Zhang T, Xiang N, Fu H. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves microcirculation of volunteers with high blood viscosity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:14-22. [PMID: 25562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood viscosity is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other cardiovascular events. Our previous studies have suggested that consumption of Yerba mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) has strong antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties in animals. The in vivo effects of Yerba mate on blood viscosity in humans, however, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of Yerba mate tea on the reduction of blood viscosity and the improvement of microcirculatory parameters commonly regarded as risk factors for serious cardio and cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS 142 subjects with high blood viscosity were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Yerba mate tea or placebo (5 g/day) was administered to different groups for 6 weeks. After treatment, results of hemorheological indexes, nailfold microcirculation, 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 and lipid profiles of subjects in the Yerba mate tea group were compared with those in the placebo-receiving group. RESULTS Parameters of blood viscosity and microcirculation were improved in the subjects from the Yerba mate tea group but not in placebo-receiving patients. After treatment, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and the Equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESRK) decreased significantly in the Yerba mate group. Meanwhile, shape, flow state and nailfold microcirculation appeared positively changed. Specifically, blood flow speeds accelerated gradually and nailfold weighted integral values decreased significantly. Moreover, the vasodilator 6-keto PGF1α increased while the thromboxane TXB2 decreased in serum samples of subjects in the Yerba mate-receiving group. Overall, Yerba mate tea-receiving subjects saw nearly all measured values improve to levels comparable to those characteristic of patients with normal microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the therapeutic capacity of Yerba mate tea in the treatment of high blood viscosity. Here, Yerba mate tea played a role in the regulation of various indexes of hemorheology, nailfold microcirculation, and the platelet aggregating factors 6-keto-PGF1a and TXB2. The regulation of these might be correlated with reduced blood viscosity and accelerating blood flow. Thus, Yerba mate tea may reduce some key risk-factors of cardiovascular disease. Daily consumption of Yerba mate tea may be a better-tolerated option for individuals with high blood viscosity and microcirculatory disturbance and as such, a novel preventative strategy for patients at-risk for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Shou wei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Zhaochun Liu
- International Education College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Tiefeng Zhang
- Department of gastroenterology, Shandong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine, 1#, Jingba Road, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- Information Management College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Hui Fu
- Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Baeza G, Amigo-Benavent M, Sarriá B, Goya L, Mateos R, Bravo L. Green coffee hydroxycinnamic acids but not caffeine protect human HepG2 cells against oxidative stress. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mari A, Napolitano A, Masullo M, Pizza C, Piacente S. Identification and quantitative determination of the polar constituents in Helichrysum italicum flowers and derived food supplements. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:249-55. [PMID: 24786189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum is widely used in traditional medicine, in cosmetic, in food and pharmaceutical field. In spite of this, very little is known about the chemical composition of its polar extracts. Therefore this study was addressed to the determination of the metabolite profile of the methanol extract of H. italicum flowers, by using LC-ESI(IT)MSMS. This approach oriented the isolation of 14 compounds, whose structures were unambiguously elucidated by NMR as belonging to flavonoid, phenylpropanoid and acylbenzofuran classes. In addition, one novel drimane sesquiterpene was identified. The quantitative determination of the main compounds occurring in the methanol extract of H. italicum flowers was carried out and their content was compared with that of three selected commercial food supplements based on H. italicum, by using LC-ESI(QqQ)MS. In conclusion the wide occurrence, in high amounts, of quinic acid derivatives in all the analyzed samples was highlighted, showing these compounds as chemical markers of the species for standardization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Cosimo Pizza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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60
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Liu M, Song S, Li H, Jiang X, Yin P, Wan C, Liu X, Liu F, Xu J. The protective effect of caffeic acid against inflammation injury of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2856-65. [PMID: 24612802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid possesses multiple biological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer growth; however, what effects it has on bovine mastitis have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the antiinflammatory properties of caffeic acid on the inflammatory response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible underlying mechanism. Bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of LPS for 3, 6, 12, and 18 h; the results showed that LPS significantly inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12h, the cell membrane permeability significantly increased, which promoted cell apoptosis. Various concentrations (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) of caffeic acid could weaken the inflammation injury of bMEC induced by LPS without cytotoxicity. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) from bMEC were decreased. Nuclear transcription factor κB activity was weakened via blocking κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation. All these showed that the protective effect of caffeic acid on LPS-induced inflammation injury in bMEC was at least partly achieved by the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by the effect of reducing the κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation in the nuclear transcription factor κB pathway. The use of caffeic acid would be beneficial in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis as a safe and natural antiinflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shixiu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huanrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Changrong Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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61
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Arçari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ribeiro ML. The in vitro and in vivo effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on adipogenesis. Food Chem 2013; 141:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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62
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Búfalo MC, Ferreira I, Costa G, Francisco V, Liberal J, Cruz MT, Lopes MC, Batista MT, Sforcin JM. Propolis and its constituent caffeic acid suppress LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory response by blocking NF-κB and MAPK activation in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:84-92. [PMID: 23770030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis is a bee product with numerous biological and pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. It has been used in folk medicine as a healthy drink and in food to improve health and prevent inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. Thus, the goal of this study was to verify the antioxidant activity and to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of propolis by addressing its intracellular mechanism of action. Caffeic acid was investigated as a possible compound responsible for propolis action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant properties of propolis and caffeic acid were evaluated by using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging method. To analyze the anti-inflammatory activity, Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of propolis or caffeic acid, and nitric oxide (NO) production, a strong pro-inflammatory mediator, was evaluated by the Griess reaction. The concentrations of propolis and caffeic acid that inhibited NO production were evaluated on intracellular signaling pathways triggered during inflammation, namely p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1/2), the transcription nuclear factor (NF)-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), through Western blot using specific antibodies. A possible effect of propolis on the cytotoxicity of hepatocytes was also evaluated, since this product can be used in human diets. RESULTS Caffeic acid showed a higher antioxidant activity than propolis extract. Propolis and caffeic acid inhibited NO production in macrophages, at concentrations without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, both propolis and caffeic acid suppressed LPS-induced signaling pathways, namely p38 MAPK, JNK1/2 and NF-κB. ERK1/2 was not affected by propolis extract and caffeic acid. In addition, propolis and caffeic acid did not induce hepatotoxicity at concentrations with strong anti-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSIONS Propolis exerted an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and caffeic acid may be involved in its inhibitory effects on NO production and intracellular signaling cascades, suggesting its use as a natural source of safe anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cristiane Búfalo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP,18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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63
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Research progress in the phytochemistry and biology of Ilex pharmaceutical resources. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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64
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Borges MC, Vinolo MAR, Nakajima K, de Castro IA, Bastos DHM, Borelli P, Fock RA, Tirapegui J, Curi R, Rogero MM. The effect of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in high-fat diet-fed Wistar rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:561-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.759188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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65
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Antiulcerogenic activity of chlorogenic acid in different models of gastric ulcer. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:5-14. [PMID: 23128853 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is found in many foods, including coffee, berries, potatoes, carrots, wine, apples, and various herbs, and has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumoral actions. The CGA is well absorbed orally, and its effects on gastric ulcer have not been previously reported. The present manuscript evaluated the effect of oral administration of CGA on ethanol/HCl (Et/HCl) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcer model in male Swiss mice. Animals were pretreated with 0.2 % carboxymethylcellulose (vehicle, p.o.), omeprazole (positive control, 30 mg/kg, p.o.), carbenoxolone (antioxidant positive control, 100 mg/kg, p.o.), or CGA (5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, p.o.). One hour later, the gastric ulcer was induced by injecting Et/HCl solution (100 μL/10 g body weight; Et 60 % + HCl 0.03 M) or piroxicam (100 mg/kg, p.o). After another hour or 4 h later, gastric tissues were collected from Et/HCl or piroxicam-treated animals, respectively, to evaluate the size of the lesion, histological alterations, secretion of gastric acid, neutrophil migration, oxidative/antioxidative enzymes, markers of lipid peroxidation, or concentrations of inflammatory mediators. CGA treatment had a gastroprotective effect in both models, reducing the percentage of lesioned area. CGA treatment did not alter the secretion of gastric action but inhibited neutrophil migration and restored the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in mice treated with Et/HCl. Additionally, CGA treatment blocked the increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha and leukotriene B4 but did not restore the reduced prostaglandin levels in the NSAID-induced ulcer. Together, the data presented herein show that CGA may be a suitable natural compound for the prevention and treatment of gastric lesions caused by a different etiology.
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Al-Dakkak I, Ternouth A. Maté intake and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers. Evid Based Dent 2012; 13:18-19. [PMID: 22436812 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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