51
|
Shen S, Wang J, Liang J, He D. Comparative proteomic study between human normal motility sperm and idiopathic asthenozoospermia. World J Urol 2013; 31:1395-401. [PMID: 23455884 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic asthenozoospermia is considered as one of the causes of male infertility and characterized by reduced sperm motility. For a better determination of pathogenic mechanism of asthenozoospermia, the exploration of differentially expressed proteins in normal sperm motility and idiopathic asthenozoospermia was conducted in our study. METHODS Sperm proteins were extracted and isolated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. All significantly changed protein spots were picked up from 2D gels and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Sixteen of the thirty-three total differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sixteen proteins identified belonged to 15 unique protein groups. GRP78, lactoferrin, SPANXB, PGK2, flagellin, DJ-1, XPA binding protein 2, CAB2, GPX4, and GAPDH were the first to be identified as differentially expressed proteins in idiopathic asthenospermia patients. Meanwhile, the analysis of quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to compare the protein levels, and the results indicated that the expression levels of the gene and protein were not entirely consistent. CONCLUSIONS These experimental results expand the scope of the protein database, generating targets for further investigation of the pathogenic mechanism of idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shen
- Department of Andrology, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ciocan CM, Cubero-Leon E, Peck MR, Langston WJ, Pope N, Minier C, Rotchell JM. Intersex in Scrobicularia plana: transcriptomic analysis reveals novel genes involved in endocrine disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12936-12942. [PMID: 23110442 DOI: 10.1021/es302948g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intersex, the appearance of female characteristics in male gonads, has been identified in a wide range of aquatic species worldwide, yet the underpinning molecular etiology remains uncharacterized. The presence of intersex has been shown to be a widespread phenomenon in bivalve, S. plana, populations from the southwest coast of the U.K., as well as inducible in an experimental exposure regime using endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Herein, we use the suppressive subtractive hybridization approach to isolate differentially expressed transcripts in S. plana males exhibiting intersex. Transcripts involved in cell signaling, cell cycle control, energy production/metabolism, microtubule assembly, and sperm physiology are all highlighted as differentially expressed in intersex male clams. These provide both an insight into the molecular mechanisms of action involved in the development of intersex, as well as facilitating potential molecular-level "early warning" biomarkers of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Ciocan
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Matzuk MM, Burns KH. Genetics of Mammalian Reproduction: Modeling the End of the Germline. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 74:503-28. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Matzuk
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Kathleen H. Burns
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, and High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Takiguchi H, Murayama E, Kaneko T, Kurio H, Toshimori K, Iida H. Characterization and subcellular localization of Tektin 3 in rat spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:611-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
55
|
Inaba K. Sperm flagella: comparative and phylogenetic perspectives of protein components. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:524-38. [PMID: 21586547 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm motility is necessary for the transport of male DNA to eggs in species with both external and internal fertilization. Flagella comprise several proteins for generating and regulating motility. Central cytoskeletal structures called axonemes have been well conserved through evolution. In mammalian sperm flagella, two accessory structures (outer dense fiber and the fibrous sheath) surround the axoneme. The axonemal bend movement is based on the active sliding of axonemal doublet microtubules by the molecular motor dynein, which is divided into outer and inner arm dyneins according to positioning on the doublet microtubule. Outer and inner arm dyneins play different roles in the production and regulation of flagellar motility. Several regulatory mechanisms are known for both dyneins, which are important in motility activation and chemotaxis at fertilization. Although dynein itself has certain properties that contribute to the formation and propagation of flagellar bending, other axonemal structures-specifically, the radial spoke/central pair apparatus-have essential roles in the regulation of flagellar bending. Recent genetic and proteomic studies have explored several new components of axonemes and shed light on the generation and regulation of sperm motility during fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Identification of capacitation associated tyrosine phosphoproteins in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 123:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
57
|
Hwang K, Yatsenko AN, Jorgez CJ, Mukherjee S, Nalam RL, Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Mendelian genetics of male infertility. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1214:E1-E17. [PMID: 21382200 PMCID: PMC3654696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive despite trying for a year, and it affects approximately 15% of the reproductive-age population. It is considered a genetically lethal factor, as the family lineage stops at that individual with no progeny produced. A genetic defect associated with an infertile individual cannot be transmitted to the offspring, ensuring the maintenance of reproductive fitness of the species. However, with the advent of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), we are now able to overcome sterility and bypass nature's protective mechanisms that developed through evolution to prevent fertilization by defective or deficient sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hwang
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Shimasaki S, Yamamoto E, Murayama E, Kurio H, Kaneko T, Shibata Y, Inai T, Iida H. Subcellular localization of Tektin2 in rat sperm flagellum. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:755-61. [PMID: 20822404 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tektins are evolutionarily conserved filament-forming proteins localized in flagella and cilia, and have been reported to be involved in the stability and structural complexity of axonemal microtubules. Five mammalian Tektins (Tektin1-5) have been reported. Of these, Tektin2 (TEKT2) has been found to be required for normal flagellum structure and function. Tekt2-null sperm display flagellum bending and reduced motility, probably due to disruption of the dynein inner arm. However, the subcellular localization of TEKT2 in spermatozoa has not been clarified at the ultrastructural level. To elucidate the molecular localization of TEKT2 in flagella of rat spermatozoa, we performed confocal laser scanning microscopy, extraction of flagella followed by immunoblot analysis, and immunogold electron microscopy. Extraction of sperm flagella by SDS-EDTA resulted in complete extraction of axonemal tubulins, while TEKT2 was only partially released from flagella, suggesting that TEKT2 might be present in the peri-axonemal component, not directly associated with axonemal tubulins. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed that TEKT2 is associated with the surface of outer dense fibers (ODFs). TEKT2 may function as an ODF-affiliated molecule required for flagellum stability and sperm motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Cao W, Ijiri TW, Huang AP, Gerton GL. Characterization of a novel tektin member, TEKT5, in mouse sperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 32:55-69. [PMID: 20378928 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.109.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tektins are important components of flagella. Alterations in the expression of or mutations in mouse tektins are correlated with defective sperm motility, a cause of male infertility. Our proteomic studies of flagellar accessory structures previously identified a novel tektin, TEKT5, whose function is unknown. To understand the role of TEKT5 in mouse sperm, we characterized the expression of the mouse Tekt5 gene and the presence of TEKT5 in spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa. A complete cDNA encoding the Tekt5 transcript was assembled following reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and predicted that TEKT5 is a 62 730-dalton protein with an unusual, long C-terminus. Tekt5 mRNA was highly expressed during late stages of spermiogenesis. Among examined tissues, Tekt5 mRNA was present only in testis and brain, and quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression level of mRNA in testis was 6.8-fold higher than that in brain. At the protein level, TEKT5 was present in sperm and was enriched in the accessory structures of flagella. Immunofluorescence confirmed that TEKT5 was localized throughout the sperm tail in flagellar accessory structures. The expression pattern suggests that TEKT5 plays an important role in flagella formation during spermiogenesis as well as being implicated in sperm motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Cao
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Siva AB, Kameshwari DB, Singh V, Pavani K, Sundaram CS, Rangaraj N, Deenadayal M, Shivaji S. Proteomics-based study on asthenozoospermia: differential expression of proteasome alpha complex. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:452-62. [PMID: 20304782 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With a view to understand the molecular basis of sperm motility, we have tried to establish the human sperm proteome by two-dimensional PAGE MALDI MS/MS analysis. We report identification of 75 different proteins in the human spermatozoa. Comparative proteome analysis was carried out for asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic patients to understand the molecular basis of sperm motility. Analysis revealed eight proteins (including one unidentified) with altered intensity between the groups. Differential proteins distributed into three functional groups: 'energy and metabolism' (triose-phosphate isomerase, glycerol kinase 2, testis specific isoform and succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid co-enzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial precursor); 'movement and organization' (tubulin beta 2C and tektin 1) and 'protein turnover, folding and stress response' (proteasome alpha 3 subunit and heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2). It was interesting to note that although the proteins falling in the functional group of 'energy and metabolism' are higher in the asthenozoospermic patients, the other two functional groups contain proteins, which are higher in the normozoospermic samples. Validation of results carried out for proteasome alpha 3 subunit by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy, confirmed significant changes in intensity of proteasome alpha 3 subunit in asthenozoospermic samples when compared with normozoospermic controls. Significant positive correlation too was found between proteasome alpha 3 subunit levels and rapid, linear progressive motility of the spermatozoa. In our understanding, this data would contribute appreciably to the presently limited information available about the proteins implicated in human sperm motility.
Collapse
|
61
|
Mariappa D, Aladakatti RH, Dasari SK, Sreekumar A, Wolkowicz M, van der Hoorn F, Seshagiri PB. Inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm flagellar proteins, outer dense fiber protein-2 and tektin-2, is associated with impaired motility during capacitation of hamster spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:182-93. [PMID: 19953638 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, acquisition of fertilization competence of spermatozoa is dependent on the phenomenon of sperm capacitation. One of the critical molecular events of sperm capacitation is protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin-A47, inhibited hamster sperm capacitation, accompanied by a reduced sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Interestingly, a high percentage of tyrphostin-A47-treated spermatozoa exhibited circular motility, which was associated with a distinct hypo-tyrosine phosphorylation of flagellar proteins, predominantly of Mr 45,000-60,000. In this study, we provide evidence on the localization of capacitation-associated tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins to the nonmembranous, structural components of the sperm flagellum. Consistent with this, we show their ultrastructural localization in the outer dense fiber, axoneme, and fibrous sheath of spermatozoa. Among hypo-tyrosine phosphorylated major proteins of tyrphostin-A47-treated spermatozoa, we identified the 45 kDa protein as outer dense fiber protein-2 and the 51 kDa protein as tektin-2, components of the sperm outer dense fiber and axoneme, respectively. This study shows functional association of hypo-tyrosine-phosphorylation status of outer dense fiber protein-2 and tektin-2 with impaired flagellar bending of spermatozoa, following inhibition of EGFR-tyrosine kinase, thereby showing the critical importance of flagellar protein tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation and hyperactivation of hamster spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mariappa
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Yatsenko AN, Iwamori N, Iwamori T, Matzuk MM. The power of mouse genetics to study spermatogenesis. JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2010; 31:34-44. [PMID: 19875488 PMCID: PMC2895970 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.109.008227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80 million people worldwide are infertile, and nearly half of all infertility cases are attributed to a male factor. Therefore, progress in reproductive genetics becomes crucial for future diagnosis and treatment of infertility. In recent years, enormous progress has been made in this field. More than 400 mutant mouse models with specific reproductive abnormalities have been produced, and numerous human association studies have been discovered. However, the translation of basic science findings to clinical practice remains protracted, with only modest progress in the application of novel findings to clinical genetic testing and cures. To date, the most significant findings in male infertility remain numeric and structural chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile men. Thus, we anticipate that future genetic investigations will focus on infertile men with a normal somatic karyotype but with various spermatozoal defects, like insufficient production of spermatozoa (oligozoospermia), inadequate motility (asthenozoospermia), abnormal morphology (teratozoospermia), or combinations of these defects. Ultimately, basic advances in mammalian nonhuman reproduction will translate to clinical advances in human reproduction and testing for infertile humans, thereby helping to improve diagnostics and health care for infertile patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yan W. Male infertility caused by spermiogenic defects: lessons from gene knockouts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 306:24-32. [PMID: 19481682 PMCID: PMC5438260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis refers to the process by which postmeiotic spermatids differentiate into elongated spermatids and eventually spermatozoa. During spermiogenesis, round spermatids undergo dynamic morphologic changes, which include nuclear condensation and elongation, formation of flagella and acrosome, reorganization of organelles and elimination of cytoplasm upon spermiation. This cellular differentiation process is unique to male haploid germ cells, which may explain why approximately half of the testis-specific genes are exclusively expressed in spermiogenesis. The spermiogenesis-specific expression implies that these genes contribute to either structural or functional aspects of future sperm. Many such genes have been inactivated in mice and some of these gene knockout mice display male infertility due to nonfunctional sperm which display no or various degrees of structural abnormalities. Since the majority of these spermiogenesis-specific genes are highly conserved between mice and humans, findings from knockout mouse studies may be applicable to human infertility. Here, I briefly review some of these spermatid-specific gene knockouts. The mouse studies strongly suggest that sperm quality rather than quantity is a better indicator of male fertility and novel assays should be developed to determine sperm functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| |
Collapse
|