51
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Bisoyi HK, Kumar S. Liquid-crystal nanoscience: an emerging avenue of soft self-assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:306-19. [DOI: 10.1039/b901793n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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52
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Chang C, Lu L, Liu J, Chen W. Bending Deformation Mechanism and Defective Properties of Liquid Crystalline Carbon Nanotubes in Evaporating Droplets. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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53
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Zhang S, Pfefferle LD, Osuji CO. Lyotropic Hexagonal Ordering in Aqueous Media by Conjugated Hairy-Rod Supramolecules. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101328p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Lisa D. Pfefferle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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54
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Puech N, Grelet E, Poulin P, Blanc C, van der Schoot P. Nematic droplets in aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:020702. [PMID: 20866768 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of exfoliated, bile-salt stabilized single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit a first order transition to a nematic liquid-crystalline phase. The nematic phase presents itself in the form of micron-sized nematic droplets also known as tactoids, freely floating in the isotropic host dispersion. The nematic droplets are spindle shaped and have an aspect ratio of about four, irrespective of their size. We attribute this to a director field that is uniform rather than bipolar, which is confirmed by polarization microscopy. It follows that the ratio of the anchoring strength and the surface tension must be about four, which is quite larger than predicted theoretically but in line with earlier observations of bipolar tactoids. From the scatter in the data we deduce that the surface tension of the coexisting isotropic and nematic phases must be extremely low, that is, of the order of nN/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Puech
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS-Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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55
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Matsuyama A. Theory of binary mixtures of a rodlike polymer and a liquid crystal. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:214902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3447892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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56
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Tang H, Zhang D. Poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes from surface-initiated ring-opening polymerizations of N-carboxylanhydride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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57
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Zhang S, Lin W, Wong CP, Bucknall DG, Kumar S. Nanocomposites of carbon nanotube fibers prepared by polymer crystallization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1642-1647. [PMID: 20507070 DOI: 10.1021/am1001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of carbon nanotube fibers have been prepared using controlled polymer crystallization confined in nanotube aerogel fibers. The polyethylene nanocomposites have been investigated by means of polarized optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The individual nanotubes are periodically decorated with polyethylene nanocrystals, forming aligned hybrid shish-kebab nanostructures. After melting and recrystallization, transcrystalline lamellae connecting the adjacent aligned nanotubes develop. Microstructural analysis shows that the nanotubes can nucleate the growth of both orthorhombic and monoclinic crystals of polyethylene in the quiescent state. The tensile strength, modulus, and axial electrical conductivity of these polyethylene/CNT composite fibers are as high as 600 MPa, 60 GPa, and 5000 S/m, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanju Zhang
- School of Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295, USA
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58
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Zhang S, Lin W, Zhu L, Wong CP, Bucknall DG. γ-Form Transcrystals of Poly(propylene) Induced by Individual Carbon Nanotubes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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59
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Zhang S, Lin W, Yu X, Wong CP, Cheng SZD, Bucknall DG. Surface-Induced Polymer Crystallization in High Volume Fraction Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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60
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Xin X, Li H, Wieczorek SA, Szymborski T, Kalwarczyk E, Ziebacz N, Gorecka E, Pociecha D, Hołyst R. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes into a lyotropic liquid crystal by phase separation in the presence of a hydrophilic polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3562-3568. [PMID: 19725563 DOI: 10.1021/la902960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were incorporated into a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) matrix formed by n-dodecyl octaoxyethene monoether (C(12)E(6)) at room temperature through spontaneous phase separation induced by nonionic hydrophilic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The quality of SWNTs/LLC composite was evaluated by polarized microscopy observations and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The results obtained clearly indicated that SWNTs have been successfully incorporated into the LLC matrix up to a considerable high content without destroying the LLC matrix, although interesting changes of the LLC matrix were also induced by SWNTs incorporation. By varying the ratio of PEG to C(12)E(6), the type of LLC matrix can be controlled from hexagonal phase to lamellar phase. Temperature was found to have a significant influence on the quality of SWNTs/LLC composite, and tube aggregation can be induced at higher temperature. When SWNTs were changed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), they became difficult to be incorporated into LLC matrix because of an increase in the average tube diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xin
- Department III, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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61
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Lu L, Chen W. Large-scale aligned carbon nanotubes from their purified, highly concentrated suspension. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1042-1048. [PMID: 20088601 DOI: 10.1021/nn901326m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite membranes have been successfully prepared from highly concentrated purified SWCNT suspensions. Biopolymer dispersant gellan gum was used to achieve aqueous dispersion of highly concentrated SWCNTs, which can be used to form the SWCNT liquid crystal phase. To achieve alignment of SWCNTs, purification of SWCNTs is found to be very important. Purification was achieved by a facile and nondestructive physical method that can prepare large volumes of SWCNTs in high yield for experimental use. Composite membranes of aligned SWCNTs could be obtained by simple evaporation SWCNT liquid crystal. The orientation direction of aligned SWCNTs was controlled by mechanical shearing of SWCNT liquid crystal. The aligned SWCNTs in the biopolymer matrix were observed by electron microscopy, and the anisotropic electrical performance of this composite thin film has been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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62
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Zhang S, Li Q, Kinloch IA, Windle AH. Ordering in a droplet of an aqueous suspension of single-wall carbon nanotubes on a solid substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2107-2112. [PMID: 19772351 DOI: 10.1021/la902642f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on a series of experiments on the aqueous, nematic liquid crystalline phase of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their ordered assemblies on the solid substrates. The nanotubes were dispersed at a low concentration of isotropic phase, and the concentration was gradually increased by the controlled evaporation of water. In-situ isotropic-to-liquid crystalline phase transition via a biphasic region was observed during water evaporation. Drying on a substrate demonstrated the effect of surface fields on the order and alignment of SWNTs in the liquid suspension and the influence on the structure of the deposited nanotubes after evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanju Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
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63
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Kinkead B, Hegmann T. Effects of size, capping agent, and concentration of CdSe and CdTequantum dots doped into a nematic liquid crystal on the optical and electro-optic properties of the final colloidal liquid crystal mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b911641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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65
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the fabrication via simple melt blending of thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP) nanocomposites reinforced with a very small quantity of modified carbon nanotube (CNT) and the unique effects of the modified CNT on the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of modified CNT-reinforced TLCP nanocomposites are highly dependent on the uniform dispersion of CNT and the interactions between the CNT and TLCP, which can be enhanced by chemical modification of the CNT, providing a design guide of CNT-reinforced TLCP nanocomposites with great potential for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Kim
- Material Laboratory, Corporate R&D Center, Samsung SDI Co. Ltd., 575 Shin-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-731, Korea; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-31-210-7103; Fax: +82-31-210-7374
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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66
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Polymer-Infiltrated Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fibers by in situ Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1936-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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67
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Jovanović SP, Marković ZM, Kleut DN, Romcević NZ, Trajković VS, Dramićanin MD, Todorović Marković BM. A novel method for the functionalization of gamma-irradiated single wall carbon nanotubes with DNA. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:445602. [PMID: 19801777 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work we describe a novel method for highly efficient functionalization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by DNA wrapping. Exposure of SWCNTs to gamma-irradiation (50 kGy) has lowered by one order of magnitude the amount of single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) required for SWCNT modification. The resulting hybrids of gamma-irradiated SWCNTs and ssDNA were characterized by optical absorbance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of hybrids. While gamma-irradiation in three different media has significantly improved the process of SWCNT dispersion, irradiation in ammonia was the most efficient. The gamma-irradiated SWCNTs functionalized with ssDNA were stabilized by electrostatic forces. This preliminary study suggests that gamma-irradiation can significantly improve the functionalization of SWCNTs with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jovanović
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, POB 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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69
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Trukhina Y, Jungblut S, van der Schoot P, Schilling T. Osmotic compression of droplets of hard rods: A computer simulation study. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:164513. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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70
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Zamora-Ledezma C, Blanc C, Maugey M, Zakri C, Poulin P, Anglaret E. Anisotropic thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes from aligned lyotropic nematic suspensions. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:4103-7. [PMID: 19367925 DOI: 10.1021/nl801525x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lyotropic nematic aqueous suspensions of single-wall carbon nanotubes can be uniformly aligned in thin cells by shearing. Homogeneous anisotropic thin films of nanotubes can be prepared by drying the nematic. Optical transmission between parallel or crossed polarizers is measured and described in order to estimate the dichroic ratio. The order parameter is measured using polarized Raman spectroscopy and found to be quite weak due to entanglement of the nanotubes and/or to an intrinsic viscoelastic behavior of the nanotube suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux, UMR CNRS 5587, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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