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Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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52
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Juan-Colás J, Johnson S, Krauss TF. Dual-Mode Electro-Optical Techniques for Biosensing Applications: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2047. [PMID: 28880211 PMCID: PMC5620729 DOI: 10.3390/s17092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biomolecular interactions is a key requirement for the study of complex biological processes and the diagnosis of disease. Technologies that are capable of providing label-free, real-time insight into these interactions are of great value for the scientific and clinical communities. Greater understanding of biomolecular interactions alongside increased detection accuracy can be achieved using technology that can provide parallel information about multiple parameters of a single biomolecular process. For example, electro-optical techniques combine optical and electrochemical information to provide more accurate and detailed measurements that provide unique insights into molecular structure and function. Here, we present a comparison of the main methods for electro-optical biosensing, namely, electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR), electrochemical optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (EC-OWLS), and the recently reported silicon-based electrophotonic approach. The comparison considers different application spaces, such as the detection of low concentrations of biomolecules, integration, the tailoring of light-matter interaction for the understanding of biomolecular processes, and 2D imaging of biointeractions on a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan-Colás
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Thomas F Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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53
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Yuan L, Tao N, Wang W. Plasmonic Imaging of Electrochemical Impedance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:183-200. [PMID: 28301751 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measures the frequency spectrum of an electrochemical interface to resist an alternating current. This method allows label-free and noninvasive studies on interfacial adsorption and molecular interactions and has applications in biosensing and drug screening. Although powerful, traditional EIS lacks spatial resolution or imaging capability, hindering the study of heterogeneous electrochemical processes on electrodes. We have recently developed a plasmonics-based electrochemical impedance technique to image local electrochemical impedance with a submicron spatial resolution and a submillisecond temporal resolution. In this review, we provide a systematic description of the theory, instrumentation, and data analysis of this technique. To illustrate its present and future applications, we further describe several selected samples analyzed with this method, including protein microarrays, two-dimensional materials, and single cells. We conclude by summarizing the technique's unique features and discussing the remaining challenges and new directions of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
| | - Nongjian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China ;
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54
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Huang YF, Zhuo GY, Chou CY, Lin CH, Hsieh CL. Label-free, ultrahigh-speed, 3D observation of bidirectional and correlated intracellular cargo transport by coherent brightfield microscopy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6567-6574. [PMID: 28470293 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of intracellular transport at the molecular scale requires measurements at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We demonstrate the label-free, direct imaging and tracking of native cell vesicles in live cells at an ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution. Using coherent brightfield (COBRI) microscopy, we monitor individual cell vesicles traveling inside the cell with nanometer spatial precision in 3D at 30 000 frames per second. The stepwise directional motion of the vesicle on the cytoskeletal track is clearly resolved. We also observe the repeated switching of the transport direction of the vesicle in a continuous trajectory. Our high-resolution measurement unveils the transient pausing and subtle bidirectional motion of the vesicle, taking place over tens of nanometers in tens of milliseconds. By tracking multiple particles simultaneously, we found strong correlations between the motions of two neighboring vesicles. Our label-free ultrahigh-speed optical imaging provides the opportunity to visualize intracellular cargo transport at the nanoscale in the microsecond timescale with minimal perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan.
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55
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Syal K, Mo M, Yu H, Iriya R, Jing W, Guodong S, Wang S, Grys TE, Haydel SE, Tao N. Current and emerging techniques for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Theranostics 2017; 7:1795-1805. [PMID: 28638468 PMCID: PMC5479269 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are a worldwide burden. Serious bacterial infection-related complications, such as sepsis, affect over a million people every year with mortality rates ranging from 30% to 50%. Crucial clinical microbiology laboratory responsibilities associated with patient management and treatment include isolating and identifying the causative bacterium and performing antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), which are labor-intensive, complex, imprecise, and slow (taking days, depending on the growth rate of the pathogen). Considering the life-threatening condition of a septic patient and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals, rapid and automated diagnostic tools are needed. This review summarizes the existing commercial AST methods and discusses some of the promising emerging AST tools that will empower humans to win the evolutionary war between microbial genes and human wits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Syal
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Manni Mo
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sui Guodong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Thomas E. Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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56
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Fang Y, Wang H, Yu H, Liu X, Wang W, Chen HY, Tao NJ. Plasmonic Imaging of Electrochemical Reactions of Single Nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2614-2624. [PMID: 27662069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions are involved in many natural phenomena, and are responsible for various applications, including energy conversion and storage, material processing and protection, and chemical detection and analysis. An electrochemical reaction is accompanied by electron transfer between a chemical species and an electrode. For this reason, it has been studied by measuring current, charge, or related electrical quantities. This approach has led to the development of various electrochemical methods, which have played an essential role in the understanding and applications of electrochemistry. While powerful, most of the traditional methods lack spatial and temporal resolutions desired for studying heterogeneous electrochemical reactions on electrode surfaces and in nanoscale materials. To overcome the limitations, scanning probe microscopes have been invented to map local electrochemical reactions with nanometer resolution. Examples include the scanning electrochemical microscope and scanning electrochemical cell microscope, which directly image local electrochemical reaction current using a scanning electrode or pipet. The use of a scanning probe in these microscopes provides high spatial resolution, but at the expense of temporal resolution and throughput. This Account discusses an alternative approach to study electrochemical reactions. Instead of measuring electron transfer electrically, it detects the accompanying changes in the reactant and product concentrations on the electrode surface optically via surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR is highly surface sensitive, and it provides quantitative information on the surface concentrations of reactants and products vs time and electrode potential, from which local reaction kinetics can be analyzed and quantified. The plasmonic approach allows imaging of local electrochemical reactions with high temporal resolution and sensitivity, making it attractive for studying electrochemical reactions in biological systems and nanoscale materials with high throughput. The plasmonic approach has two imaging modes: electrochemical current imaging and interfacial impedance imaging. The former images local electrochemical current associated with electrochemical reactions (faradic current), and the latter maps local interfacial impedance, including nonfaradic contributions (e.g., double layer charging). The plasmonic imaging technique can perform voltammetry (cyclic or square wave) in an analogous manner to the traditional electrochemical methods. It can also be integrated with bright field, dark field, and fluorescence imaging capabilities in one optical setup to provide additional capabilities. To date the plasmonic imaging technique has found various applications, including mapping of heterogeneous surface reactions, analysis of trace substances, detection of catalytic reactions, and measurement of graphene quantum capacitance. The plasmonic and other emerging optical imaging techniques (e.g., dark field and fluorescence microscopy), together with the scanning probe-based electrochemical imaging and single nanoparticle analysis techniques, provide new capabilities for one to study single nanoparticle electrochemistry with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. In this Account, we focus on imaging of electrochemical reactions at single nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - N. J. Tao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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57
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Scherbahn V, Nizamov S, Mirsky VM. Plasmonic detection and visualization of directed adsorption of charged single nanoparticles to patterned surfaces. Mikrochim Acta 2016; 183:2837-2845. [PMID: 27795582 PMCID: PMC5061841 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) allows single nanoparticles (NPs) on sensor surfaces to be detected and analyzed. The authors have applied this technique to study the adsorption of single metallic and plastic NPs. Binding of gold NPs (40, 60 and 100 nm in size) and of 100 nm polystyrene NPs to gold surfaces modified by differently ω-functionalized alkyl thiols was studied first. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) with varying terminal functions including amino, carboxy, oligo(ethylene glycol), methyl, or trimethylammonium groups were deposited on gold films to form surfaces possessing different charge and hydrophobicity. The affinity of NPs to these surfaces depends strongly on the type of coating. SAMs terminated with trimethylammonium groups and carboxy group display highly different affinity and therefore were preferred when creating patterned charged surfaces. Citrate-stabilized gold NPs and sulfate-terminated polystyrene NPs were used as negatively charged NPs, while branched polyethylenimine-coated silver NPs were used as positively charged NPs. It is shown that the charged patterned areas on the gold films are capable of selectively adsorbing oppositely charged NPs that can be detected and analyzed with an ~1 ng⋅mL−1 detection limit. Self-assembled monolayers of ω-functionalized alkyl thiols were deposited on a gold layer of a patterned sensor array. The charge-selective binding of single nanoparticles to such surfaces was registered by wide-field surface plasmon microscopy. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Scherbahn
- Nanobiotechnology - Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Shavkat Nizamov
- Nanobiotechnology - Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Mirsky
- Nanobiotechnology - Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus - Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
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58
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Syal K, Iriya R, Yang Y, Yu H, Wang S, Haydel SE, Chen HY, Tao N. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test with Plasmonic Imaging and Tracking of Single Bacterial Motions on Nanometer Scale. ACS NANO 2016; 10:845-52. [PMID: 26637243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are important for confirming susceptibility to empirical antibiotics and detecting resistance in bacterial isolates. Currently, most ASTs performed in clinical microbiology laboratories are based on bacterial culturing, which take days to complete for slowly growing microorganisms. A faster AST will reduce morbidity and mortality rates and help healthcare providers administer narrow spectrum antibiotics at the earliest possible treatment stage. We report the development of a nonculture-based AST using a plasmonic imaging and tracking (PIT) technology. We track the motion of individual bacterial cells tethered to a surface with nanometer (nm) precision and correlate the phenotypic motion with bacterial metabolism and antibiotic action. We show that antibiotic action significantly slows down bacterial motion, which can be quantified for development of a rapid phenotypic-based AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Syal
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yunze Yang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shelley E Haydel
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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59
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Abstract
Plasmonic imaging is crucial for understanding cellular behaviours for biological sciences, where is used to image and track organelles in cells, such as DNA and virus molecules. Due to the fast dynamics of the intra-cellular processes, it is essential to keep the cells under their native states (i.e. label-free), establishing plasmonic imaging as one of the most powerful tools for studying biological samples. In this article, a theoretical model is presented that accurately predicts the properties of a plasmonic image, paving the route towards the characterization of an imaged nano-object. It is shown that natural modes are not only excited, but actually dominate the intensity and shape of the observed plasmonic image. Hence, the proposed model explains the dynamics forming the plasmonic image and can be used to extract spectroscopy information from current plasmonic imaging techniques.
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