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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 4844=convert(int,(select char(113)+char(106)+char(107)+char(120)+char(113)+(select (case when (4844=4844) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(118)+char(120)+char(120)+char(113)))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select (case when (3116=3116) then null else cast((chr(104)||chr(116)||chr(107)||chr(87)) as numeric) end)) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 rlike (select (case when (4821=4821) then 0x31302e313031362f6a2e63656c6c2e323031382e30332e303633 else 0x28 end))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 9160=cast((chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(107)||chr(120)||chr(113))||(select (case when (9160=9160) then 1 else 0 end))::text||(chr(113)||chr(118)||chr(120)||chr(120)||chr(113)) as numeric)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 5962=utl_inaddr.get_host_address(chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(107)||chr(120)||chr(113)||(select (case when (5962=5962) then 1 else 0 end) from dual)||chr(113)||chr(118)||chr(120)||chr(120)||chr(113))-- pexq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 3699 in (select (char(113)+char(106)+char(107)+char(120)+char(113)+(select (case when (3699=3699) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(118)+char(120)+char(120)+char(113)))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 or extractvalue(3012,concat(0x5c,0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(3012=3012,1))),0x7176787871))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 rlike (select (case when (8716=3629) then 0x31302e313031362f6a2e63656c6c2e323031382e30332e303633 else 0x28 end))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 rlike (select (case when (4821=4821) then 0x31302e313031362f6a2e63656c6c2e323031382e30332e303633 else 0x28 end))-- zdak] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 3823=(select (case when (3823=3823) then 3823 else (select 2922 union select 6000) end))-- vezs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 order by 1-- glmv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and extractvalue(5227,concat(0x5c,0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(5227=5227,1))),0x7176787871))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 8959=concat(char(113)+char(106)+char(107)+char(120)+char(113),(select (case when (8959=8959) then char(49) else char(48) end)),char(113)+char(118)+char(120)+char(120)+char(113))-- mmvj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 9160=cast((chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(107)||chr(120)||chr(113))||(select (case when (9160=9160) then 1 else 0 end))::text||(chr(113)||chr(118)||chr(120)||chr(120)||chr(113)) as numeric)-- pprl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 procedure analyse(extractvalue(4421,concat(0x5c,0x716a6b7871,(select (case when (4421=4421) then 1 else 0 end)),0x7176787871)),1)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select (case when (3378=4830) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,3378) end) from dual) is null-- dckr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 8959=concat(char(113)+char(106)+char(107)+char(120)+char(113),(select (case when (8959=8959) then char(49) else char(48) end)),char(113)+char(118)+char(120)+char(120)+char(113))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 1619=(select (case when (1619=3100) then 1619 else (select 3100 union select 1557) end))-- wezp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 7896=4270-- skzq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 or row(3452,8616)>(select count(*),concat(0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(3452=3452,1))),0x7176787871,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 7796 union select 4465 union select 3288 union select 2318)a group by x)-- zigi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 or (select 3766 from(select count(*),concat(0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(3766=3766,1))),0x7176787871,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)-- tvvb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select (case when (5426=5426) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,5426) end) from dual) is null-- ylxa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select 6641 from(select count(*),concat(0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(6641=6641,1))),0x7176787871,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)-- kluj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 rlike (select (case when (2778=1687) then 0x31302e313031362f6a2e63656c6c2e323031382e30332e303633 else 0x28 end))-- ixfn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select (case when (5426=5426) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,5426) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and (select (case when (3970=8840) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,3970) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 9875=7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 order by 1-- utox] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and row(1461,9155)>(select count(*),concat(0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(1461=1461,1))),0x7176787871,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 5642 union select 8430 union select 8672 union select 3826)a group by x)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 and 5405=5405-- ythq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shah PT, Stratton JA, Stykel MG, Abbasi S, Sharma S, Mayr KA, Koblinger K, Whelan PJ, Biernaskie J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Fate Mapping of Ependymal Cells Reveals an Absence of Neural Stem Cell Function. Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.063 or extractvalue(3012,concat(0x5c,0x716a6b7871,(select (elt(3012=3012,1))),0x7176787871))-- rqzo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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Gouveia L, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. PDGF-A signaling is required for secondary alveolar septation and controls epithelial proliferation in the developing lung. Development 2018; 145:145/7/dev161976. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.161976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) signaling through PDGF receptor α is essential for alveogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Pdgfa−/− mouse lungs have enlarged alveolar airspace with absence of secondary septation, both distinctive features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. To study how PDGF-A signaling is involved in alveogenesis, we generated lung-specific Pdgfa knockout mice (Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre) and characterized their phenotype postnatally. Histological differences between mutant mice and littermate controls were visible after the onset of alveogenesis and maintained until adulthood. Additionally, we generated Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre; PdgfraGFP/+ mice in which Pdgfra+ cells exhibit nuclear GFP expression. In the absence of PDGF-A, the number of PdgfraGFP+ cells was significantly decreased. In addition, proliferation of PdgfraGFP+ cells was reduced. During alveogenesis, PdgfraGFP+ myofibroblasts failed to form the α-smooth muscle actin rings necessary for alveolar secondary septation. These results indicate that PDGF-A signaling is involved in myofibroblast proliferation and migration. In addition, we show an increase in both the number and proliferation of alveolar type II cells in Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre lungs, suggesting that the increased alveolar airspace is not caused solely by deficient myofibroblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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The Potentials and Caveats of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies in the Preterm Infant. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9652897. [PMID: 29765429 PMCID: PMC5911321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9652897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preponderance of proinflammatory signals is a characteristic feature of all acute and resulting long-term morbidities of the preterm infant. The proinflammatory actions are best characterized for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) which is the chronic lung disease of the preterm infant with lifelong restrictions of pulmonary function and severe consequences for psychomotor development and quality of life. Besides BPD, the immature brain, eye, and gut are also exposed to inflammatory injuries provoked by infection, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. Despite the tremendous progress in the understanding of disease pathologies, therapeutic interventions with proven efficiency remain restricted to a few drug therapies with restricted therapeutic benefit, partially considerable side effects, and missing option of applicability to the inflamed brain. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)—also known as mesenchymal stem cells—has attracted much attention during the recent years due to their anti-inflammatory activities and their secretion of growth and development-promoting factors. Based on a molecular understanding, this review summarizes the positive actions of exogenous umbilical cord-derived MSCs on the immature lung and brain and the therapeutic potential of reprogramming resident MSCs. The pathomechanistic understanding of MSC actions from the animal model is complemented by the promising results from the first phase I clinical trials testing allogenic MSC transplantation from umbilical cord blood. Despite all the enthusiasm towards this new therapeutic option, the caveats and outstanding issues have to be critically evaluated before a broad introduction of MSC-based therapies.
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91
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Trittmann JK, Velten M, Heyob KM, Almazroue H, Jin Y, Nelin LD, Rogers LK. Arginase and α-smooth muscle actin induction after hyperoxic exposure in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:556-562. [PMID: 29266319 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The L-arginine/NO pathway is an important regulator of pulmonary hypertension, the leading cause of mortality in patients with the chronic lung disease of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. L-arginine can be metabolized by NO synthase (NOS) to form L-citrulline and NO, a potent vasodilator. Alternatively, L-arginine can be metabolized by arginase to form urea and L-ornithine, a precursor to collagen and proline formation important in vascular remodelling. In the current study, we hypothesized that C3H/HeN mice exposed to prolonged hyperoxia would have increased arginase expression and pulmonary vascular wall cell proliferation. C3H/HeN mice were exposed to 14 days of 85% O2 or room air and lung homogenates analyzed by western blot for protein levels of arginase I, arginase II, endothelial NOS (eNOS), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Hyperoxia did not change arginase I or eNOS protein levels. However, arginase II protein levels were 15-fold greater after hyperoxia exposure than in lungs exposed to room air. Greater protein levels of ODC and OAT were found in lungs following hyperoxic exposure than in room air animals. α-SMA protein levels were found to be 7-fold greater in the hyperoxia exposed lungs than in room air lungs. In the hyperoxia exposed lungs there was evidence of greater pulmonary vascular wall cell proliferation by α-SMA immunohistochemistry than in room air lungs. Taken together, these data are consistent with a more proliferative vascular phenotype, and may explain the propensity of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia to develop pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Trittmann
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathryn M Heyob
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hanadi Almazroue
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yi Jin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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92
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Mecham RP. Elastin in lung development and disease pathogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:6-20. [PMID: 29331337 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is expressed in most tissues that require elastic recoil. The protein first appeared coincident with the closed circulatory system, and was critical for the evolutionary success of the vertebrate lineage. Elastin is expressed by multiple cell types in the lung, including mesothelial cells in the pleura, smooth muscle cells in airways and blood vessels, endothelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. This highly crosslinked protein associates with fibrillin-containing microfibrils to form the elastic fiber, which is the physiological structure that functions in the extracellular matrix. Elastic fibers can be woven into many different shapes depending on the mechanical needs of the tissue. In large pulmonary vessels, for example, elastin forms continuous sheets, or lamellae, that separate smooth muscle layers. Outside of the vasculature, elastic fibers form an extensive fiber network that originates in the central bronchi and inserts into the distal airspaces and visceral pleura. The fibrous cables form a looping system that encircle the alveolar ducts and terminal air spaces and ensures that applied force is transmitted equally to all parts of the lung. Normal lung function depends on proper secretion and assembly of elastin, and either inhibition of elastin fiber assembly or degradation of existing elastin results in lung dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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93
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Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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94
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Lee JH, Tammela T, Hofree M, Choi J, Marjanovic ND, Han S, Canner D, Wu K, Paschini M, Bhang DH, Jacks T, Regev A, Kim CF. Anatomically and Functionally Distinct Lung Mesenchymal Populations Marked by Lgr5 and Lgr6. Cell 2017; 170:1149-1163.e12. [PMID: 28886383 PMCID: PMC5607351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of mesenchymal cell types in the lung that influence epithelial homeostasis and regeneration is poorly defined. We used genetic lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and organoid culture approaches to show that Lgr5 and Lgr6, well-known markers of stem cells in epithelial tissues, are markers of mesenchymal cells in the adult lung. Lgr6+ cells comprise a subpopulation of smooth muscle cells surrounding airway epithelia and promote airway differentiation of epithelial progenitors via Wnt-Fgf10 cooperation. Genetic ablation of Lgr6+ cells impairs airway injury repair in vivo. Distinct Lgr5+ cells are located in alveolar compartments and are sufficient to promote alveolar differentiation of epithelial progenitors through Wnt activation. Modulating Wnt activity altered differentiation outcomes specified by mesenchymal cells. This identification of region- and lineage-specific crosstalk between epithelium and their neighboring mesenchymal partners provides new understanding of how different cell types are maintained in the adult lung. Lgr5 and Lgr6 mark mesenchymal cells in adult lungs Single-cell transcriptome analysis defines mesenchymal heterogeneity Distinct mesenchymal niches drive airway and alveolar differentiation Wnt activity affects epithelial differentiation specified by mesenchymal cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jinwook Choi
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nemanja Despot Marjanovic
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Seungmin Han
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - David Canner
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Margherita Paschini
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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