51
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Zhou WJ, Cao GM, Shen G, Zhu XY, Gui YY, Ye JH, Sun L, Liao LL, Li J, Yu DG. Visible-Light-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of C-H Bonds with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15683-15687. [PMID: 29048716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a novel visible-light photoredox system with Pd(PPh3 )4 as the sole catalyst for the realization of the first direct cross-coupling of C(sp3 )-H bonds in N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with unactivated alkyl bromides. Moreover, intra- and intermolecular alkylations of heteroarenes were also developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl bromides undergo reaction to generate C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) and C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) bonds in moderate to excellent yields. These redox-neutral reactions feature broad substrate scope (>60 examples), good functional-group tolerance, and facile generation of quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies indicate that the simple palladium complex acts as the visible-light photocatalyst and radicals are involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641112, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Mei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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52
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Gui YY, Wang ZX, Zhou WJ, Liao LL, Song L, Yin ZB, Li J, Yu DG. Arylation of Aniline C(sp3
)−H Bonds with Phenols via an In Situ Activation Strategy. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Neijiang Normal University; Neijiang 641112 P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry&Technology of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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53
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Deng HP, Fan XZ, Chen ZH, Xu QH, Wu J. Photoinduced Nickel-Catalyzed Chemo- and Regioselective Hydroalkylation of Internal Alkynes with Ether and Amide α-Hetero C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13579-13584. [PMID: 28862448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A direct hydroalkylation of disubstituted alkynes with unfunctionalized ethers and amides was achieved in an atom-efficient and additive-free manner through the synergistic combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis. The protocol was effective with a wide range of internal alkynes, providing products in a highly selective fashion. Notably, the observed regioselectivity is complementary to conventional radical addition processes. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the photoexcited iridium catalyst facilitated the nickel activation via single-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Deng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xuan-Zi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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54
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Liao LL, Gui YY, Zhang XB, Shen G, Liu HD, Zhou WJ, Li J, Yu DG. Phosphorylation of Alkenyl and Aryl C–O Bonds via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:3735-3738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641112, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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55
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Kärkäs MD. Photochemical Generation of Nitrogen-Centered Amidyl, Hydrazonyl, and Imidyl Radicals: Methodology Developments and Catalytic Applications. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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56
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Zhou R, Liu H, Tao H, Yu X, Wu J. Metal-free direct alkylation of unfunctionalized allylic/benzylic sp 3 C-H bonds via photoredox induced radical cation deprotonation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4654-4659. [PMID: 28970885 PMCID: PMC5618257 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00953d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite notable recent efforts, a catalytic and convenient strategy for the direct alkylation of unactivated allylic or benzylic sp3 C-H bonds remains a formidable challenge facing the synthesis community. We herein report an unprecedented allylic/benzylic alkylation using only an organo-photoredox catalyst, which enables coupling of a broad scope of alkenes/arenes and electron-deficient alkenes in an atom- and redox-economic manner. A photoredox induced alkene/arene radical cation deprotonation is proposed to smoothly generate the key allylic and benzylic radical intermediates. It represents the first C-C bond formation via radical cation deprotonation under visible light conditions. The resulting products can be easily scaled up and directly converted to γ,δ-unsaturated or α,β-diaryl-acids, -esters, -amides, -pyrazoles, -isoxazoles, as well as lactones, which enables this mild and selective sp3 C-H alkylation to rapidly access complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan , 030024 , China
| | - Haiwang Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Hairong Tao
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
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57
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Matsui JK, Lang SB, Heitz DR, Molander GA. Photoredox-Mediated Routes to Radicals: The Value of Catalytic Radical Generation in Synthetic Methods Development. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2563-2575. [PMID: 28413692 PMCID: PMC5388068 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has experienced a revitalized interest from the synthesis community during the past decade. For example, photoredox/Ni dual catalysis protocols have been developed to overcome several inherent limitations of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings by invoking a single-electron transmetalation pathway. This Perspective highlights advances made by our laboratory since the inception of the photoredox/Ni cross-coupling of benzyltrifluoroborates with aryl bromides. In addition to broadening the scope of trifluoroborate coupling partners, research using readily oxidized hypervalent silicates as radical precursors that demonstrate functional group compatibility is highlighted. The pursuit of electrophilic coupling partners beyond (hetero)aryl bromides has also led to the incorporation of several new classes of C(sp2)-hybridized substrates into light-mediated cross-coupling. Advances to expand the radical toolbox by utilizing feedstock chemicals (e.g., aldehydes) to access radicals that were previously inaccessible from trifluoroborates and silicates are also emphasized. Additionally, several organic photocatalysts have been investigated as replacements for their expensive iridium- and ruthenium-based counterparts. Lastly, the net C-H functionalization of the radical partner in an effort to improve atom economy is presented. An underlying theme in all of these studies is the value of generating radicals in a catalytic manner, rather than stoichiometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Simon B. Lang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Drew R. Heitz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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