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Liang L, Kong Z, Kang Z, Wang H, Zhang L, Shen JW. Theoretical Evaluation on Potential Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1983-1991. [PMID: 33440534 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Owing to unique morphology, ultrasmall lateral sizes, and exceptional properties, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) hold great potential in many applications, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery, et cetera. Its biosafety and potential cytotoxicity to human and animal cells has been a growing concern in recent years. In this work, the potential cytotoxicity of GQDs was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation demonstrates that small size GQDs could easily permeate into the lipid membrane in a vertical way. It is relatively difficult to permeate into the lipid membrane for GQDs that are larger than GQD61 on the nanosecond time-scale. The thickness of the POPC membrane could even be affected by the small size of GQDs. Free energy calculations revealed that the free energy barrier of GQD permeation through the lipid membrane could greatly change with the change of GQD size. Under high GQD concentration, the GQD molecules could rapidly aggregate in water but disaggregate after entering into the membrane interior. Moreover, high concentrations of GQDs could induce changes in the structure properties and diffusion properties of the lipid bilayer, and it may affect the cell signal transduction. However, GQDs with relatively small size are not large enough to mechanically damage the lipid membrane. Our results suggest that the cytotoxicity of GQDs with small size is low and may be appropriate for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No. 1, Second Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Kong
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, No. 1, Second Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, 310028, People's Republic of China.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No. 1, Second Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 2, Second Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Street 16, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
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52
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Robust Denaturation of Villin Headpiece by MoS2 Nanosheet: Potential Molecular Origin of the Nanotoxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28252. [PMID: 27312409 PMCID: PMC4911589 DOI: 10.1038/srep28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MoS2 nanosheet, a new two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides nanomaterial, has attracted significant attentions lately due to many potential promising biomedical applications. Meanwhile, there is also a growing concern on its biocompatibility, with little known on its interactions with various biomolecules such as proteins. In this study, we use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction of a MoS2 nanosheet with Villin Headpiece (HP35), a model protein widely used in protein folding studies. We find that MoS2 exhibits robust denaturing capability to HP35, with its secondary structures severely destroyed within hundreds of nanosecond simulations. Both aromatic and basic residues are critical for the protein anchoring onto MoS2 surface, which then triggers the successive protein unfolding process. The main driving force behind the adsorption process is the dispersion interaction between protein and MoS2 monolayer. Moreover, water molecules at the interface between some key hydrophobic residues (e.g. Trp-64) and MoS2 surface also help to accelerate the process driven by nanoscale drying, which provides a strong hydrophobic force. These findings might have shed new light on the potential nanotoxicity of MoS2 to proteins with atomic details, which should be helpful in guiding future biomedical applications of MoS2 with its nanotoxicity mitigated.
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53
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Feng M, Kang H, Yang Z, Luan B, Zhou R. Potential disruption of protein-protein interactions by graphene oxide. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:225102. [PMID: 27306022 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising novel nanomaterial with a wide range of potential biomedical applications due to its many intriguing properties. However, very little research has been conducted to study its possible adverse effects on protein-protein interactions (and thus subsequent toxicity to human). Here, the potential cytotoxicity of GO is investigated at molecular level using large-scale, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to explore the interaction mechanism between a protein dimer and a GO nanosheet oxidized at different levels. Our theoretical results reveal that GO nanosheet could intercalate between the two monomers of HIV-1 integrase dimer, disrupting the protein-protein interactions and eventually lead to dimer disassociation as graphene does [B. Luan et al., ACS Nano 9(1), 663 (2015)], albeit its insertion process is slower when compared with graphene due to the additional steric and attractive interactions. This study helps to better understand the toxicity of GO to cell functions which could shed light on how to improve its biocompatibility and biosafety for its wide potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongsuk Kang
- Computational Biological Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Binquan Luan
- Computational Biological Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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54
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Yang J, Yuan Y, Hua Z. Density functional theory study of interaction of graphene with hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1189009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Yang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Yuan
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Hua
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
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55
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Liang L, Chen EY, Shen JW, Wang Q. Molecular modelling of translocation of biomolecules in carbon nanotubes: method, mechanism and application. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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56
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Growth and follow-up of primary cortical neuron cells on nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet film. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14:e26-34. [PMID: 26952583 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conductive biomaterials are an ideal biosubstrate for modifying cellular behaviors by conducting either internal or external electrical signals. In this study, based on a simple-preparation graphite exfoliation method in organic reagent, a nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet film (NGNF) with high conductivity and large size was simply fabricated through spraying coating. The biocompatibility of the NGNF was carefully tested with primary cortical neuron cells, and its biocompatibility properties were compared with a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene film. METHODS Nonfunctionalized graphene nanosheet (NGN) was first exfoliated from graphite with a flat-tip ultrasonicator probe, and then spray-coated onto glass slide substrate to form the film. The morphology of NGNF was observed with light microscopy and SEM. The morphology and neuronal network formation of primary cortical neuron cells onto NGNF, as shown by DAPI and Alexa Fluor® 488 staining, were observed with fluorescent microscopy. Cell viability and proliferation were measured with MTT. RESULTS NGNF had better cell biocompatibility than CVD graphene film. MTT test showed that NGNF exhibited no cytotoxicity. According to neuronal network formation at 7 days of cell culture, primary neuron cells aggregated into 50-μm "nuclei"; the average neurite number and length were 3 and 100 μm, respectively. However, these values were almost doubled after 14 days of cell culture. CONCLUSIONS These results may improve the use of NGNF as a conductive scaffold for nerve regeneration.
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57
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Wang Z, Zhu W, Qiu Y, Yi X, von dem Bussche A, Kane A, Gao H, Koski K, Hurt R. Biological and environmental interactions of emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1750-80. [PMID: 26923057 PMCID: PMC4820079 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00914f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have become a major focus in materials chemistry research worldwide with substantial efforts centered on synthesis, property characterization, and technological application. These high-aspect ratio sheet-like solids come in a wide array of chemical compositions, crystal phases, and physical forms, and are anticipated to enable a host of future technologies in areas that include electronics, sensors, coatings, barriers, energy storage and conversion, and biomedicine. A parallel effort has begun to understand the biological and environmental interactions of synthetic nanosheets, both to enable the biomedical developments and to ensure human health and safety for all application fields. This review covers the most recent literature on the biological responses to 2D materials and also draws from older literature on natural lamellar minerals to provide additional insight into the essential chemical behaviors. The article proposes a framework for more systematic investigation of biological behavior in the future, rooted in fundamental materials chemistry and physics. That framework considers three fundamental interaction modes: (i) chemical interactions and phase transformations, (ii) electronic and surface redox interactions, and (iii) physical and mechanical interactions that are unique to near-atomically-thin, high-aspect-ratio solids. Two-dimensional materials are shown to exhibit a wide range of behaviors, which reflect the diversity in their chemical compositions, and many are expected to undergo reactive dissolution processes that will be key to understanding their behaviors and interpreting biological response data. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for high-priority research subtopics at the "bio-nanosheet" interface that we hope will enable safe and successful development of technologies related to two-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Yi
- School of Engineering, USA.
| | | | - Agnes Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA. and Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, USA
| | | | - Kristie Koski
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Robert Hurt
- School of Engineering, USA. and Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, USA
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal,
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59
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Xie Y, Wu B, Zhang XX, Yin J, Mao L, Hu M. Influences of graphene on microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes in mouse gut as determined by high-throughput sequencing. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1306-12. [PMID: 26476051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising candidate as an antibacterial material owning to its bacterial toxicity. However, little information on influence of graphene on gut microbiota is available. In this study, mice were exposed to graphene for 4 weeks, and high-throughput sequencing was applied to characterize the changes in microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mouse gut. The results showed that graphene exposure increased biodiversity of gut microbiota, and changed their community. The 1 μg/d graphene exposure had higher influences on the gut microbiota than 10 μg/d and 100 μg/d graphene exposures, which might be due to higher aggregation of high-level graphene. The influence of graphene on gut microbiota might attribute to that graphene could induce oxidative stress and damage of cell membrane integrity. The results were verified by the increase of ratio of Gram-negative bacteria. Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria could reduce the membrane damage induced by graphene and make them more tolerance to graphene. Further, we found that graphene exposure significantly increased the abundance and types of ARGs, indicating a potential health risk of graphene. This study firstly provides new insight to the health effects of graphene on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jinbao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Maojie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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60
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Heat-Initiated Chemical Functionalization of Graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20034. [PMID: 26818231 PMCID: PMC4730243 DOI: 10.1038/srep20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A heat-initiated chemical reaction was developed to functionalize CVD-grown graphene at wafer scale and the reaction was universally extended to carbon nanotubes, and other precursors that could be thermally converted to active radicals. The chemical reaction can occur in absence of oxygen and water vapor when the temperature is above the decomposition temperature of the reactants. The chemical reaction was also found to be substrate-dependent due to surface doping and inhomogeneity. A large-scale graphene pattern was demonstrated by combing with microfluidic technique. This heat-initiated solid-phase chemical reaction provides a facile and environmentally friendly approach to functionalize carbon nanomaterials with various functional groups.
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61
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Yang J, Yuan Y, Zhao H. Theoretical study of the interactions of a graphene-on-Ni(111) composite with dopamine. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Yang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Yuan
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China
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62
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Cheng Y, Koh LD, Li D, Ji B, Zhang Y, Yeo J, Guan G, Han MY, Zhang YW. Peptide-Graphene Interactions Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Silk Fibroin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21787-96. [PMID: 26364925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Studies reveal that biomolecules can form intriguing molecular structures with fascinating functionalities upon interaction with graphene. Then, interesting questions arise. How does silk fibroin interact with graphene? Does such interaction lead to an enhancement in its mechanical properties? In this study, using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we first examine the interaction of graphene with several typical peptide structures of silk fibroin extracted from different domains of silk fibroin, including pure amorphous (P1), pure crystalline (P2), a segment from N-terminal (P3), and a combined amorphous and crystalline segment (P4), aiming to reveal their structural modifications. Our study shows that graphene can have intriguing influences on the structures formed by the peptides with sequences representing different domains of silk fibroin. In general, for protein domains with stable structure and strong intramolecular interaction (e.g., β-sheets), graphene tends to compete with the intramolecular interactions and thus weaken the interchain interaction and reduce the contents of β-sheets. For the silk domains with random or less ordered secondary structures and weak intramolecular interactions, graphene tends to enhance the stability of peptide structures; in particular, it increases the contents of helical structures. Thereafter, tensile simulations were further performed on the representative peptides to investigate how such structure modifications affect their mechanical properties. It was found that the strength and resilience of the peptides are enhanced through their interaction with graphene. The present work reveals interesting insights into the interactions between silk peptides and graphene, and contributes in the efforts to enhance the mechanical properties of silk fibroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR , Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Leng-Duei Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR , Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Dechang Li
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingyan Zhang
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR , Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR , Singapore 138632, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR , Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR , Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR , Singapore 138632, Singapore
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63
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The role of basic residues in the adsorption of blood proteins onto the graphene surface. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10873. [PMID: 26034971 PMCID: PMC4451687 DOI: 10.1038/srep10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With its many unique properties, graphene has shown great potential in various biomedical applications, while its biocompatibility has also attracted growing concerns. Previous studies have shown that the formation of protein-graphene corona could effectively reduce its cytotoxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains not well-understood. Herein, we use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that blood proteins such as bovine fibrinogen (BFG) can absorb onto the graphene surface quickly and tightly to form a corona complex. Aromatic residues contributed significantly during this adsorption process due to the strong π−π stacking interactions between their aromatic rings and the graphene sp2-carbons. Somewhat surprisingly, basic residues like arginine, also played an equally or even stronger role during this process. The strong dispersion interactions between the sidechains of these solvent-exposed basic residues and the graphene surface provide the driving force for a tight binding of these basic residues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with blood proteins to show that, in addition to the aromatic residues, the basic residues also play an important role in the formation of protein-graphene corona complexes.
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64
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Rui L, Liu J, Li J, Weng Y, Dou Y, Yuan B, Yang K, Ma Y. Reduced graphene oxide directed self-assembly of phospholipid monolayers in liquid and gel phases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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65
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Yi X, Gao H. Cell interaction with graphene microsheets: near-orthogonal cutting versus parallel attachment. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5457-5467. [PMID: 25732111 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments indicate that graphene microsheets can either undergo a near-orthogonal cutting or a parallel attachment mode of interaction with cell membranes. Here we perform a theoretical analysis to characterize the deformed membrane microstructure and investigate how these two interaction modes are influenced by the splay, tilt, compression, tension, bending and adhesion energies of the membrane. Our analysis indicates that, driven by the membrane splay and tension energies, a two-dimensional microsheet such as graphene would adopt a near-perpendicular configuration with respect to the membrane in the transmembrane penetration mode, whereas the membrane bending and tension energies would lead to parallel attachment in the absence of cross membrane penetration. These interaction modes may have broad implications in applications involving drug delivery, cell encapsulation and protection, and the measurement of the dynamic cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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66
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Abdelhamid HN, Wu HF. Proteomics analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of nanoparticles and their interactions with proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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67
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Ge C, Tian J, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zhou R, Chai Z. Towards understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:519-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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68
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Luan B, Huynh T, Zhao L, Zhou R. Potential toxicity of graphene to cell functions via disrupting protein-protein interactions. ACS NANO 2015; 9:663-9. [PMID: 25494677 DOI: 10.1021/nn506011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become popular in state-of-the-art nanotechnology, their biological safety and underlying molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. Experimental studies have been focused at the cellular level and revealed good correlations between cell's death and the application of CNTs or graphene. Using large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we theoretically investigate the potential toxicity of graphene to a biological cell at molecular level. Simulation results show that the hydrophobic protein-protein interaction (or recognition) that is essential to biological functions can be interrupted by a graphene nanosheet. Due to the hydrophobic nature of graphene, it is energetically favorable for a graphene nanosheet to enter the hydrophobic interface of two contacting proteins, such as a dimer. The forced separation of two functional proteins can disrupt the cell's metabolism and even lead to the cell's mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binquan Luan
- Computational Biological Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research , Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
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69
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Mokdad A, Dimos K, Zoppellaro G, Tucek J, Perman JA, Malina O, Andersson KK, Ramanatha Datta KK, Froning JP, Zboril R. The non-innocent nature of graphene oxide as a theranostic platform for biomedical applications and its reactivity towards metal-based anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a mononuclear iron(ii) complex as anticancer agent with graphene oxide (GO) unveils the ability of GO to oxidize the metal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mokdad
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Dimos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- University of Ioannina
- GR-45110 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Tucek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jason A. Perman
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jens Peter Froning
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
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