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Semba RD, Lam M, Sun K, Zhang P, Schaumberg DA, Ferrucci L, Ping P, Van Eyk JE. Priorities and trends in the study of proteins in eye research, 1924-2014. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:1105-22. [PMID: 26123431 PMCID: PMC4695326 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the proteins that are relevant to eye research and develop assays for the study of a set of these proteins. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a bibliometric analysis by merging gene lists for human and mouse from the National Center for Biotechnology Information FTP site and combining them with PubMed references that were retrieved with the search terms "eye" [MeSH Terms] OR "eye" [All Fields] OR "eyes" [All Fields]. RESULTS For human and mouse eye studies, respectively, the total number of publications was 13,525 and 23,895 and the total number of proteins was 4050 and 4717. For proteins in human and mouse eye studies, respectively, 88.7 and 81.7% had five or fewer citations. The top 50 most intensively studied proteins for human and mouse eye studies were generally in the areas of photoreceptors and phototransduction, inflammation, and angiogenesis, neurodevelopment, lens transparency, and cell-cycle and cellular processes. We proposed selected reaction monitoring assays that were developed in silico for the top fifty most intensively studied proteins in human and mouse eye research. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We conclude that scientists engaged in eye research tend to focus on the same proteins. Newer resources and tools in proteomics can expand the investigations to lesser-known proteins of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maggie Lam
- Cardiac Proteomics and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kai Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Debra A. Schaumberg
- Center for Translational Medicine, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peipei Ping
- Cardiac Proteomics and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Fu Q, Grote E, Zhu J, Jelinek C, Köttgen A, Coresh J, Van Eyk JE. An Empirical Approach to Signature Peptide Choice for Selected Reaction Monitoring: Quantification of Uromodulin in Urine. Clin Chem 2015; 62:198-207. [PMID: 26589548 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.242495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many avenues have been proposed for a seamless transition between biomarker discovery data and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays for biomarker validation. Unfortunately, studies with the abundant urinary protein uromodulin have shown that these methods do not converge on a consistent set of surrogate peptides for targeted mass spectrometry. As an alternative, we present an empirical peptide selection work flow for robust protein quantification. METHODS We compared the relative SRM signal intensity of 12 uromodulin-derived peptides between tryptic digests of 9 urine samples. Pairwise CVs between the 12 peptides were 0.19-0.99. We used a correlation matrix to identify peptides that reproducibly tracked the amount of uromodulin protein and selected 4 peptides with robust and highly correlated SRM signals. Absolute quantification was performed with stable isotope-labeled versions of these peptides as internal standards and a standard curve prepared from a tryptic digest of purified uromodulin. RESULTS Absolute quantification of uromodulin in 40 clinical urine samples yielded interpeptide correlations of ≥0.984 and correlations of ≥0.912 with ELISA data. The SRM assays were linear over >3 orders of magnitude and had typical interdigest CVs of <10%, interinjection CVs of <7%, and intertransition CVs of <7%. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the apparent abundance of a plurality of peptides derived from the same target protein makes it possible to select signature peptides that are unaffected by the unpredictable confounding factors inevitably present in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Eric Grote
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine Jelinek
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Renal Division, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Rougemont B, Simon R, Carrière R, Biarc J, Fonbonne C, Salvador A, Huillet C, Berard Y, Adam O, Manin C, Lemoine J. Absolute quantification of dengue virus serotype 4 chimera vaccine candidate in Vero cell culture by targeted mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Rougemont
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Romain Simon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Romain Carrière
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Jordane Biarc
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Catherine Fonbonne
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Céline Huillet
- Sanofi Pasteur; 1541 av. Marcel Mérieux Marcy l’étoile France
| | - Yves Berard
- Sanofi Pasteur; 1541 av. Marcel Mérieux Marcy l’étoile France
| | - Olivier Adam
- Sanofi Pasteur; 1541 av. Marcel Mérieux Marcy l’étoile France
| | - Catherine Manin
- Sanofi Pasteur; 1541 av. Marcel Mérieux Marcy l’étoile France
| | - Jérôme Lemoine
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR 5280 CNRS Université Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
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Chambers AG, Percy AJ, Yang J, Borchers CH. Multiple Reaction Monitoring Enables Precise Quantification of 97 Proteins in Dried Blood Spots. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3094-104. [PMID: 26342038 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o115.049957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried blood spot (DBS) methodology provides a minimally invasive approach to sample collection and enables room-temperature storage for most analytes. DBS samples have successfully been analyzed by liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS) to quantify a large range of small molecule biomarkers and drugs; however, this strategy has only recently been explored for MS-based proteomics applications. Here we report the development of a highly multiplexed MRM assay to quantify endogenous proteins in human DBS samples. This assay uses matching stable isotope-labeled standard peptides for precise, relative quantification, and standard curves to characterize the analytical performance. A total of 169 peptides, corresponding to 97 proteins, were quantified in the final assay with an average linear dynamic range of 207-fold and an average R(2) value of 0.987. The total range of this assay spanned almost 5 orders of magnitude from serum albumin (P02768) at 18.0 mg/ml down to cholinesterase (P06276) at 190 ng/ml. The average intra-assay and inter-assay precision for 6 biological samples ranged from 6.1-7.5% CV and 9.5-11.0% CV, respectively. The majority of peptide targets were stable after 154 days at storage temperatures from -20 °C to 37 °C. Furthermore, protein concentration ratios between matching DBS and whole blood samples were largely constant (<20% CV) across six biological samples. This assay represents the highest multiplexing yet achieved for targeted protein quantification in DBS samples and is suitable for biomedical research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Chambers
- From the ‡University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Andrew J Percy
- From the ‡University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- From the ‡University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- From the ‡University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St., Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada; §Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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Percy AJ, Yang J, Hardie DB, Chambers AG, Tamura-Wells J, Borchers CH. Precise quantitation of 136 urinary proteins by LC/MRM-MS using stable isotope labeled peptides as internal standards for biomarker discovery and/or verification studies. Methods 2015; 81:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Quon BS, Dai DLY, Hollander Z, Ng RT, Tebbutt SJ, Man SFP, Wilcox PG, Sin DD. Discovery of novel plasma protein biomarkers to predict imminent cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Thorax 2015; 71:216-22. [PMID: 25777587 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the significant morbidity and mortality related to pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF), there remains no reliable predictor of imminent exacerbation. OBJECTIVE To identify blood-based biomarkers to predict imminent (<4 months from stable blood draw) CF pulmonary exacerbations using targeted proteomics. METHODS 104 subjects provided plasma samples when clinically stable and were randomly split into discovery (n=70) and replication (n=34) cohorts. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) was used to measure 117 peptides (79 proteins) from plasma. Plasma proteins with differential abundance between subjects who did versus did not develop an imminent exacerbation were analysed and proteins with fold difference >1.5 between the groups were included in an MRM-MS classifier model to predict imminent exacerbations. Performance characteristics were compared with clinical predictors and candidate plasma protein biomarkers. RESULTS Six proteins were included in the final MRM-MS protein panel. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of imminent exacerbations was highest for the MRM-MS protein panel (AUC 0.74) in comparison to FEV1% predicted (AUC 0.55) and the top candidate plasma protein biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (AUC 0.61) and interleukin-6 (AUC 0.60). The MRM-MS protein panel performed similarly in the replication cohort (AUC 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Using MRM-MS, a six-protein panel measured from plasma can distinguish individuals with versus without an imminent exacerbation. With further replication and assay development, this biomarker panel may be clinically applicable for prediction of exacerbations in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darlene L Y Dai
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Hollander
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond T Ng
- PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada PRevention Of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S F Paul Man
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pearce G Wilcox
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Gianazza E, Tremoli E, Banfi C. The selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring-based mass spectrometry approach for the accurate quantitation of proteins: clinical applications in the cardiovascular diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:771-88. [PMID: 25400095 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.947966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring, also known as multiple reaction monitoring, is a powerful targeted mass spectrometry approach for a confident quantitation of proteins/peptides in complex biological samples. In recent years, its optimization and application have become pivotal and of great interest in clinical research to derive useful outcomes for patient care. Thus, selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring is now used as a highly sensitive and selective method for the evaluation of protein abundances and biomarker verification with potential applications in medical screening. This review describes technical aspects for the development of a robust multiplex assay and discussing its recent applications in cardiovascular proteomics: verification of promising disease candidates to select only the highest quality peptides/proteins for a preclinical validation, as well as quantitation of protein isoforms and post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, Unit of Proteomics, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
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Prasad B, Unadkat JD. Optimized approaches for quantification of drug transporters in tissues and cells by MRM proteomics. AAPS J 2014; 16:634-48. [PMID: 24752720 PMCID: PMC4070263 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug transporter expression in tissues (in vivo) usually differs from that in cell lines used to measure transporter activity (in vitro). Therefore, quantification of transporter expression in tissues and cell lines is important to develop scaling factor for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of transporter-mediated drug disposition. Since traditional immunoquantification methods are semiquantitative, targeted proteomics is now emerging as a superior method to quantify proteins, including membrane transporters. This superiority is derived from the selectivity, precision, accuracy, and speed of analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Moreover, LC-MS/MS proteomics has broader applicability because it does not require selective antibodies for individual proteins. There are a number of recent research and review papers that discuss the use of LC-MS/MS for transporter quantification. Here, we have compiled from the literature various elements of MRM proteomics to provide a comprehensive systematic strategy to quantify drug transporters. This review emphasizes practical aspects and challenges in surrogate peptide selection, peptide qualification, peptide synthesis and characterization, membrane protein isolation, protein digestion, sample preparation, LC-MS/MS parameter optimization, method validation, and sample analysis. In particular, bioinformatic tools used in method development and sample analysis are discussed in detail. Various pre-analytical and analytical sources of variability that should be considered during transporter quantification are highlighted. All these steps are illustrated using P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as a case example. Greater use of quantitative transporter proteomics will lead to a better understanding of the role of drug transporters in drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA,
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Percy AJ, Yang J, Chambers AG, Simon R, Hardie DB, Borchers CH. Multiplexed MRM with Internal Standards for Cerebrospinal Fluid Candidate Protein Biomarker Quantitation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3733-3747. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Percy
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Chambers
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
| | - Romain Simon
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
| | - Darryl B. Hardie
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- University of
Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z
7X8, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building
Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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Mass spectrometry based biomarker discovery, verification, and validation--quality assurance and control of protein biomarker assays. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:840-58. [PMID: 24713096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In its early years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics focused on the cataloging of proteins found in different species or different tissues. By 2005, proteomics was being used for protein quantitation, typically based on "proteotypic" peptides which act as surrogates for the parent proteins. Biomarker discovery is usually done by non-targeted "shotgun" proteomics, using relative quantitation methods to determine protein expression changes that correlate with disease (output given as "up-or-down regulation" or "fold-increases"). MS-based techniques can also perform "absolute" quantitation which is required for clinical applications (output given as protein concentrations). Here we describe the differences between these methods, factors that affect the precision and accuracy of the results, and some examples of recent studies using MS-based proteomics to verify cancer-related biomarkers.
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Gromov P, Moreira JMA, Gromova I. Proteomic analysis of tissue samples in translational breast cancer research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:285-302. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.899469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chambers AG, Percy AJ, Simon R, Borchers CH. MRM for the verification of cancer biomarker proteins: recent applications to human plasma and serum. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:137-48. [PMID: 24476379 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.877346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accurate cancer biomarkers are needed for early detection, disease classification, prediction of therapeutic response and monitoring treatment. While there appears to be no shortage of candidate biomarker proteins, a major bottleneck in the biomarker pipeline continues to be their verification by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), also known as selected reaction monitoring, is a targeted mass spectrometry approach to protein quantitation and is emerging to bridge the gap between biomarker discovery and clinical validation. Highly multiplexed MRM assays are readily configured and enable simultaneous verification of large numbers of candidates facilitating the development of biomarker panels which can increase specificity. This review focuses on recent applications of MRM to the analysis of plasma and serum from cancer patients for biomarker verification. The current status of this approach is discussed along with future directions for targeted mass spectrometry in clinical biomarker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Chambers
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, #3101 - 4464 Markham St, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
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Percy AJ, Chambers AG, Yang J, Jackson AM, Domanski D, Burkhart J, Sickmann A, Borchers CH. Method and platform standardization in MRM-based quantitative plasma proteomics. J Proteomics 2013; 95:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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