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The anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to sublethal dose of hydrogen peroxide. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Danford ID, Verkuil LD, Choi DJ, Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Uyhazi KE, Lau MK, Kanu LN, Grant GR, Chavali VRM, O'Brien JM. Characterizing the "POAGome": A bioinformatics-driven approach to primary open-angle glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:89-114. [PMID: 28223208 PMCID: PMC5464971 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a genetically, physiologically, and phenotypically complex neurodegenerative disorder. This study addressed the expanding collection of genes associated with POAG, referred to as the "POAGome." We used bioinformatics tools to perform an extensive, systematic literature search and compiled 542 genes with confirmed associations with POAG and its related phenotypes (normal tension glaucoma, ocular hypertension, juvenile open-angle glaucoma, and primary congenital glaucoma). The genes were classified according to their associated ocular tissues and phenotypes, and functional annotation and pathway analyses were subsequently performed. Our study reveals that no single molecular pathway can encompass the pathophysiology of POAG. The analyses suggested that inflammation and senescence may play pivotal roles in both the development and perpetuation of the retinal ganglion cell degeneration seen in POAG. The TGF-β signaling pathway was repeatedly implicated in our analyses, suggesting that it may be an important contributor to the manifestation of POAG in the anterior and posterior segments of the globe. We propose a molecular model of POAG revolving around TGF-β signaling, which incorporates the roles of inflammation and senescence in this disease. Finally, we highlight emerging molecular therapies that show promise for treating POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Danford
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lana D Verkuil
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Choi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine E Uyhazi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marisa K Lau
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Levi N Kanu
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Marquez CMD, Ibana JA, Velarde MC. The female reproduction and senescence nexus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cielo Mae D. Marquez
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
| | - Joyce A. Ibana
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
| | - Michael C. Velarde
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
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Anwar T, Khosla S, Ramakrishna G. Increased expression of SIRT2 is a novel marker of cellular senescence and is dependent on wild type p53 status. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1883-97. [PMID: 27229617 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1189041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) belonging to the NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase III class of enzymes have emerged as master regulators of metabolism and longevity. However, their role in prevention of organismal aging and cellular senescence still remains controversial. In the present study, we now report upregulation of SIRT2 as a specific feature associated with stress induced premature senescence but not with either quiescence or cell death. Additionally, increase in SIRT2 expression was noted in different types of senescent conditions such as replicative and oncogene induced senescence using multiple cell lines. Induction of SIRT2 expression during senescence was dependent on p53 status as depletion of p53 by shRNA prevented its accumulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed the presence of p53 binding sites on the SIRT2 promoter suggesting its regulation by p53, which was also corroborated by the SEAP reporter assay. Overexpression or knockdown of SIRT2 had no effect on stress induced premature senescence, thereby indicating that SIRT2 increase is not a cause of senescence; rather it is an effect linked to senescence-associated changes. Overall, our results suggest SIRT2 as a promising marker of cellular senescence at least in cells with wild type p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Anwar
- a Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics , Laboratory Block , Tuljaguda Complex , Nampally, Hyderabad , Telangana , India.,b Graduate Studies , Manipal University , Manipal , Karnataka , India.,c Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , D1 Block, Vasant Kunj, Delhi , India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- a Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics , Laboratory Block , Tuljaguda Complex , Nampally, Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- c Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , D1 Block, Vasant Kunj, Delhi , India
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Kuchta-Gładysz M, Wójcik E, Szeleszczuk O, Niedbała P, Tyblewska K. Spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in mitotic chromosomes of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2015-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kuchta-Gładysz, M., Wójcik, E., Szeleszczuk, O., Niedbała, P. and Tyblewska, K. 2015. Spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in mitotic chromosomes of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 543–550. The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test is a cytogenetic tool with applications as a short-term screen. It is used to assess the influence of physical and chemical factors with potential mutagenic and genotoxic properties on the animal organism. The test results make it possible to eliminate mutagens, as well as helping to predict possible genetic consequences in animal cells and assess animal resistance. The mitotic chromosomes were obtained from an in vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with added bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at five different concentrations: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 µg mL−1. The chromosomes were stained according to the FPG method. Our analyses revealed the spontaneous SCE level in the chinchilla at the concentration of 0.5 µg mL−1. Higher concentrations of this substance have a genotoxic effect and cause damage to the DNA structure of the chromosomes by inducing additional SCEs in the chromosomes of this species. The mean SCE/cell incidence in the chinchilla population was 4.34±1.28. We investigated the effects of age on the incidence of SCE and found it significantly affected this phenomenon in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kuchta-Gładysz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicza St, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Prusa St, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Olga Szeleszczuk
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicza St, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Niedbała
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicza St, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kaja Tyblewska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicza St, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Maurya N, Agarwal NR, Ghosh I. Low-dose rotenone exposure induces early senescence leading to late apoptotic signaling cascade in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line: An in vitro glaucoma model. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:107-20. [PMID: 26524696 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the prolonged exposure of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line to a low dose (1 nM) of rotenone could simulate a glaucomatous-like condition and serve as a cellular model for its etiological analysis. Under 1-nM rotenone exposure for 24-72 h, HTM cells showed a decrease in cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay and showed mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by measuring H2 DCFDA fluorescence; a decrease in ATP level was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in cellular size and granularity. Elevated AF showed initial senescence. LF staining with SBB and its spectrofluorometric quantification confirmed growth arrest. An accumulation of cytoplasmic myocilin, IL-6, and MMP-9 at 72 h of exposure supported glaucomatous induction. TEM revealed morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei of treated cells. Signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. This study showed a shift in status of the cells from initial senescence to induction of apoptosis in the HTM cell line due to continuous low-dose exposure to rotenone; however, at 72 h, both senescence and apoptotic features are apparent in these cells. This is the first report that reveals the potential of a prolonged low-dose exposure of rotenone to simulate senescence in the HTM cell line to cause a glaucomatous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Maurya
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nupur Rani Agarwal
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Liu L, Luo XG, Yu HM, Feng Y, Ren Y, Yin YF, Shang H, He ZY. Repeated intra-nigrostriatal injection of phorbol myristate acetate induces microglial senescence in adult rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7271-8. [PMID: 26459397 PMCID: PMC4626136 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as a potent tumor promoter, may induce microglial senescence. The present study investigated the effect of PMA infection on microglial senescence. From 58 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 were randomly selected and divided into a PMA injection group, containing five rats (0.5 µg/µl PMA) and a control group, containing five rats (commensurable 0.9% saline). Immunofluorescent staining of Iba-1 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 β were performed in these two groups. The remaining 48 rats were randomly divided into the following three groups, each containing 16 rats: Repeated injection control group (commensurable normal saline, once a week for 4 weeks), single PMA injection group (0.5 µg/µl PMA, once in the first week) and repeated injection PMA group (0.5 µg/µl PMA, once a week for 4 weeks). The expression levels of p21, detected using double immunofluorescence staining with Iba-1, and β-galactosidase, via double immunohistochemical staining of Iba-1, were examined in these three groups. The results indicated that a single injection of PMA did not change the microglial morphology and had no significant effects on the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, compared with the control group (P>0.05). Following four repeated injections of PMA, the microglia in the substantia nigra presented with features of senescence, characterized by increased expression levels of β-galactosidase (P<0.001) and p21 (P<0.001), compared with the repeated injection control group. In conclusion, repeated intra-nigrostriatal treatment with PMA induced microglial senescence with increased expression levels of β-galactosidase and p21 in the substantia nigra of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Fu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Hong SH, Park SJ, Lee S, Kim S, Cho MH. Biological effects of inorganic phosphate: potential signal of toxicity. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:55-69. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea
- Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea
- Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
- Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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N-acetyl-serotonin protects HepG2 cells from oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:310504. [PMID: 25013541 PMCID: PMC4074966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/310504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. N-Acetyl-serotonin (NAS) has been reported to protect against oxidative damage, though the mechanisms by which NAS protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress remain unknown. To determine whether pretreatment with NAS could reduce hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, we investigated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage to HepG2 cells with or without NAS using MTT, Hoechst 33342, rhodamine 123, Terminal dUTP Nick End Labeling Assay (TUNEL), dihydrodichlorofluorescein (H2DCF), Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining, immunocytochemistry, and western blot. H2O2 produced dramatic injuries in HepG2 cells, represented by classical morphological changes of apoptosis, increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, release of cytochrome c (Cyt-C) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria, and loss of membrane potential (ΔΨm). NAS significantly inhibited H2O2-induced changes, indicating that it protected against H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing MDA levels and increasing SOD activity and that it protected the HepG2 cells from apoptosis through regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, involving inhibition of mitochondrial hyperpolarization, release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors, and caspase activity.
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Wang Y, Tian C, Zheng JC. FoxO3a contributes to the reprogramming process and the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2954-63. [PMID: 23815557 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are morphologically and functionally similar with embryonic stem (ES) cells, have been successfully generated from somatic cells through defined reprogramming transcription factors. Forkhead class O3a (FoxO3a) has been recently reported to play an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of certain types of stem cells; however, the role of FoxO3a in the reprogramming process and differentiation of iPS cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the function of FoxO3a during the reprogramming process and characterize the properties of iPS cells from FoxO3a-wild type and -null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our results show that the FoxO3a-null iPS cells are similar to the wild-type iPS cells in the levels of ES cell markers, alkaline phosphatase activity, and formation of teratoma in vivo. The reprogramming process is delayed in the FoxO3a-null MEFs compared to the wild-type MEFs; whereas the overexpression of FoxO3a partially recovers the impaired reprogramming efficiency in the null group. More importantly, FoxO3a deficiency impairs the neuronal lineage differentiation potential of iPS cells in vitro. These results suggest that FoxO3a affects the reprogramming kinetics and the neuronal lineage differentiation potential of the resulting iPS cells. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel function of FoxO3a in cell reprogramming, which will help the development of alternative strategies for generating iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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Chinta SJ, Lieu CA, Demaria M, Laberge RM, Campisi J, Andersen JK. Environmental stress, ageing and glial cell senescence: a novel mechanistic link to Parkinson's disease? J Intern Med 2013; 273:429-36. [PMID: 23600398 PMCID: PMC3633085 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxins is associated with a variety of age-related diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. For example, in Parkinson's disease (PD), chronic environmental exposure to certain toxins has been linked to the age-related development of neuropathology. Neuronal damage is believed to involve the induction of neuroinflammatory events as a consequence of glial cell activation. Cellular senescence is a potent anti-cancer mechanism that occurs in a number of proliferative cell types and causes the arrest of proliferation of cells at risk of malignant transformation following exposure to potentially oncogenic stimuli. With age, senescent cells accumulate and express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP; that is the robust secretion of many inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and proteases). Whereas cell senescence in peripheral tissues has been causally linked to a number of age-related pathologies, little is known about the induction of cellular senescence and the SASP in the brain. On the basis of recently reported findings, we propose that environmental stressors associated with PD may act in part by eliciting senescence and the SASP within non neuronal glial cells in the ageing brain, thus contributing to the characteristic decline in neuronal integrity that occurs in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chinta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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Abstract
Normal somatic cells do not divide indefinitely and have their finite replicative lifespan. This property leads to an eventual arrest of cell division termed cell senescence. Human diploid fibroblasts offer a typical model for studying cell senescence in vitro. Various approaches to evoke oxidative stresses, such as the exposures of cells to ultraviolet light, ethanol, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), and peroxide hydrogen (H2O2), have been used to study the onset of cellular senescence. The early onset of cellular senescence induced by these stresses is termed stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). In this manuscript, we will mainly summarize the basic knowledge and experimental approaches important for the induction of SIPS by H2O2, since H2O2 is the most commonly used inducer of SIPS in vitro and an endogenous source of cellular oxidative stress. Several assays methods generally used for testifying cell senescence are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Up-regulation of NDRG2 in senescent lens epithelial cells contributes to age-related cataract in human. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26102. [PMID: 22043305 PMCID: PMC3197158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human N-Myc downstream regulated gene2 (NDRG2), a novel gene has been cloned and shown to be related to a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, stress, and apoptosis. NDRG2 has also been linked to age-related Alzheimer's disease. Since the role of this gene in senescence is limited, we have investigated the potential role of NDRG2 in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), a paradigm implicated in age-related cataract. Methodology/Principal Findings Cultured HLECs (SRA01/04) were subjected to prolonged exposure to low dose of H2O2 to simulate senescence. After being exposed to 50 µM H2O2 for 2 weeks, HLECs senescent-morphological changes appeared, cell viability decreased dramatically, cell proliferation reduced from 37.4% to 16.1%, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity increased from 0 to 90.3%. Ndrg2 protein expression was also significantly increased in these senescent cells. To induce overexpression of NDRG2, SRA01/04 cells were infected with the adenoviral vector of NDRG2. In these cells, overexpression of NDRG2 resulted in a fibroblast-like appearance and the cell viability decreased about 20%. In addition, the NDRG2-overexpression cells demonstrated 20% lower viability when exposed to 50–200 µM H2O2 for acute oxidative stress. Furthermore, the expression of NDRG2 from age-related cataracts was up-regulated 2-fold at both mRNA and protein levels compared with the clear lenses. Conclusions/Significance NDRG2 is up regulated not only in the ageing process of HLECs in vitro but also in the cells from human age-related cortical cataract in vivo. Up-regulation of NDRG2 induces cell morphological changes, reduces cell viability, and especially lowers cellular resistance to oxidative stress. NDRG2-mediated affects in HLECs may associate with age-related cataract formation.
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Wnuk M, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Lewinska A, Oklejewicz B, Zabek T, Bartosz G, Słota E. Age-related changes in genomic stability of horses. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:257-68. [PMID: 21557962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the old horse has been proposed as a model to study telomere-dependent senescence, immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. In the present paper, we used 80 Hucul and Anglo-Arabian horses divided into 3 age groups (juvenile, adult, old) to evaluate age-dependent changes at the genomic and DNA level and in cell proliferative potential. The level of positive TUNEL cells (both apoptotic and with DNA fragmentation), oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoG immunostaining), sister chromatid exchange and bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks were significantly increased in the combined old group compared to the combined adult group. We observed a negative correlation between micronuclei formation and age, which may be associated with damaged cells undergoing apoptosis, rather than expressing micronuclei. We were unable to show any significant changes in the nuclear division index value, which reflects the proliferative status of the viable cell fraction during aging. Here, we show that breed-independent and age-associated changes in genomic stability may contribute, at least in part, to the aging process in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Voghel G, Thorin-Trescases N, Mamarbachi AM, Villeneuve L, Mallette FA, Ferbeyre G, Farhat N, Perrault LP, Carrier M, Thorin E. Endogenous oxidative stress prevents telomerase-dependent immortalization of human endothelial cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:354-63. [PMID: 20399802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With aging, oxidative stress accelerates vascular endothelial cell (EC) telomere shortening-induced senescence, and may promote atherosclerosis in humans. Our aim was to investigate whether an antioxidant treatment combined with telomerase (hTERT) over-expression would prevent senescence of EC isolated from patients with severe atherosclerosis. METHODS Cells were isolated from internal mammary arteries (n=11 donors), cultured until senescence with or without N-acetylcystein (NAC) and infected, or not, with a lentivirus over-expressing hTERT. RESULTS Compared to control EC, hTERT-NAC cells had increased telomerase activity, longer telomeres and underwent more cell divisions. According to the donor, hTERT-NAC either delayed (n=5) or prevented (n=4) EC senescence, the latter leading to cell immortalization. Lack of cell immortalization by hTERT-NAC was accompanied by an absence of beneficial effect of NAC alone in paired EC. Accordingly, lack of EC immortalization by hTERT-NAC was associated with high endogenous susceptibility to oxidation. In EC where hTERT-NAC did not immortalize EC, p53, p21 and p16 expression increased with senescence, while oxidative-dependent DNA damage associated with senescence was not prevented. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that irreversible oxidative stress-dependent damages associated with cardiovascular risk factors are responsible for senescence of EC from atherosclerotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Voghel
- Department of Surgery, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cellular senescence in livers from children with end stage liver disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10231. [PMID: 20422055 PMCID: PMC2858078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescent cells occur in adults with cirrhotic livers independent of the etiology. AIM Investigate the presence rate of cellular senescence and expression of cell cycle check points in livers from children with end stage disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Livers of five children aged three years or less undergoing liver transplantation due to tyrosinemia (n = 1), biliary atresia (n = 2), or fulminant hepatitis (n = 2) were analyzed for senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SA-betagal) activity and p16INK4a, p21cip1 and p53. All livers displayed positive cellular staining for SA-betagal in the canals of Hering and interlobular biliary ducts. In the presence of cirrhosis (3/5 cases) SA-betagal was found at the cholangioles and hepatocytes surrounding the regenerative nodules. Children with fulminant hepatic failure without cirrhosis had significant ductular transformation with intense SA-betagal activity. No SA-betagal activity was evident in the fibrous septa. Staining for p53 had a similar distribution to that observed for SA-betagal. Staining for p16(INK4a) and p21(cip1) was positive in the explanted liver of the patient with tyrosinemia, in the hepatocytes, the canals of Hering, cholangioles and interlobular bile ducts. In the livers with fulminant hepatitis, p21(cip1) staining occurred in the areas of ductular transformation and in the interlobular bile ducts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Cellular senescence in livers of children with end stage disease is associated with damage rather than corresponding to an age dependent phenomenon. Further studies are needed to support the hypothesis that these senescence markers correlate with disease progression.
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Gruber HE, Hoelscher GL, Ingram JA, Bethea S, Hanley EN. IGF-1 rescues human intervertebral annulus cells from in vitro stress-induced premature senescence. Growth Factors 2008; 26:220-5. [PMID: 19021034 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802273814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aging human intervertebral disc contains a sizeable population of senescent cells. Since senescent cells cannot divide, senescence reduces the disc's ability to generate new cells to replace existing ones lost to necrosis or apoptosis. The objectives of the present work were: (1) to develop a reliable in vitro model for stress-induced premature senescence in human annulus cells, and (2) to investigate the potential for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to prevent or ameliorate senescence in vitro. The developed experimental model employs a 2 h exposure to 50 microM hydrogen peroxide; immunocytochemical localization of senescence associated-beta-galactosidase at pH 6.0 was used as the marker for senescent cells, and the percentage of senescent cells quantified after 3 days of culture. Nine sets of annulus cells were obtained from eight human surgical disc specimens; cells were tested with 0, 50, 100 or 500 ng/ml IGF-1. Although 50 or 100 ng/ml IGF-1 did not significantly alter the percentage of senescent cells, a significant reduction was present following exposure to 500 ng/ml IGF-1 (control, 56.3% +/- 8.5 (9); mean +/- SEM, (n) vs. treated, 39.6% +/- 6.6 (9), p = 0.0009). These novel findings point to the value of continued research towards development of future biologic therapies designed to reduce cell senescence in degenerating human discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
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