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Bie YN, Gu P, Chen YT, Zhou XX, Tian YG, Yang Q, Li HY, Lin X, Guan YH, Lin TY, Lu X, Shen HF, Fang TX, Liu YM, Xiao D, Gu WW. TZAP plays an inhibitory role in the self-renewal of porcine mesenchymal stromal cells and is implicated the regulation of premature senescence via the p53 pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 17:72. [PMID: 30845965 PMCID: PMC6404308 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were originally characterized by the ability to differentiate into different mesenchymal lineages in vitro, and their immunomodulatory and trophic functions have recently aroused significant interest in the application of MSCs in cell-based regenerative medicine. However, a major problem in clinical practice is the replicative senescence of MSCs, which limits the cell proliferation potential of MSCs after large-scale expansion. Telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP), a novel specific telomere-binding protein, was recently found to stimulate telomere trimming and prevent excessive telomere elongation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of TZAP in regulating MSCs senescence, differentiation and proliferation. Method Primary porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) were isolated from the bone marrow of Tibet minipigs by a noninvasive method in combination with frequent medium changes (FMCs). The deterioration of the pMSCs’ proliferation capacity and their resultant entry into senescence were analyzed by using CCK8 and EdU incorporation assays, SA-β-gal staining and comparisons of the expression levels of cellular senescence markers (p16INK14 and p21) in pMSC cell lines with TZAP overexpression or knockout. The effects of TZAP overexpression or knockout on the differentiation potential of pMSCs were assessed by alizarin red S staining after osteogenic induction or by oil red O staining after adipogenic induction. The effect of TZAP overexpression and the involvement of the p53 signaling pathway were evaluated by detecting changes in ARF, MDM2, P53 and P21 protein levels in pMSCs. Results TZAP levels were significantly elevated in late-passage pMSCs compared to those in early-passage pMSCs. We also observed significantly increased levels of the senescence markers p16INK4A and p21. Overexpression of TZAP reduced the differentiation potential of the cells, leading to premature senescence in early-passage pMSCs, while knockout of TZAP led to the opposite phenotype in late-passage pMSCs. Furthermore, overexpression of TZAP activated the P53 pathway (ARF-MDM2-P53-P21WAF/CDKN1A) in vitro. TZAP also downregulated the expression levels of PPARγ and Cebpα, two key modulators of adipogenesis. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the level of TZAP is closely related to differentiation potential in pMSCs and affects cellular senescence outcomes via the p53 pathway. Therefore, attenuation of intracellular TZAP levels could be a new strategy for improving the efficiency of pMSCs in cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1820-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Bie
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Yu-Guang Tian
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Guan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao-Yan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Xiao Fang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei-Wang Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China.
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Long-Lasting Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Human Microfragmented Adipose Tissue. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5901479. [PMID: 30915125 PMCID: PMC6399530 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5901479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, human microfragmented adipose tissue (MFAT), containing significant levels of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and obtained from fat lipoaspirate (LP) through a minimal manipulation in a closed system device, has been successfully used in aesthetic medicine as well as in orthopedic and general surgery. Interestingly, in orthopedic diseases, this ready-to-use adipose tissue cell derivative seems to have a prolonged time efficacy even upon a single shot injection into osteoarthritic tissues. Here, we investigated the long-term survival and content of MSCs as well the anti-inflammatory activity of LP and its derived MFAT in vitro, with the aim to better understand a possible in vivo mechanism of action. MFAT and LP specimens from 17 human donors were investigated side by side. During a long-term culture in serum-free medium, we found that the total cell number as well the MSC content in MFAT decreased more slowly if compared to those from LP specimens. The analysis of cytokines and growth factors secreted into the conditioned medium (CM) was similar in MFAT and LP during the first week of culture, but the total amount of cytokines secreted by LP decreased much more rapidly than those produced by MFAT during prolonged culture (up to 28 days). Similarly, the addition of MFAT-CM recovered at early (3-7 days) and late stage (14-28 days) of culture strongly inhibited inflammatory function of U937 monocyte cell line, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity of LP-CM was drastically reduced after only 7 days of culture. We conclude that MFAT is an effective preparation with a long-lasting anti-inflammatory activity probably mediated by a long-term survival of their MSC content that releases a combination of cytokines that affect several mechanisms involved in inflammation processes.
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Assessment of the Immunosuppressive Potential of INF-γ Licensed Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Their Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010022. [PMID: 30621275 PMCID: PMC6356584 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an active search for the ideal strategy to potentialize the effects of Mesenchymal Stem-Cells (MSCs) over the immune system. Also, part of the scientific community is seeking to elucidate the therapeutic potential of MSCs secretome and its extracellular vesicles (EVs), in order to avoid the complexity of a cellular therapy. Here, we investigate the effects of human adipose MSCs (AMSCs) licensing with INF-γ and TLR3 agonist over AMSCs proliferation, migration, as well as the immunomodulatory function. Furthermore, we evaluated how the licensing of AMSCs affected the immunomodulatory function of AMSC derived-secretome, including their EVs. INF-γ licensed-AMSCs presented an elevated expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), accompanied by increased ICAM-1, as well as a higher immunosuppressive potential, compared to unlicensed AMSCs. Interestingly, the conditioned medium obtained from INF-γ licensed-AMSCs also revealed a slightly superior immunosuppressive potential, compared to other licensing strategies. Therefore, unlicensed and INF-γ licensed-AMSCs groups were used to isolate EVs. Interestingly, EVs isolated from both groups displayed similar capacity to inhibit T-cell proliferation. EVs isolated from both groups shared similar TGF-β and Galectin-1 mRNA content but only EVs derived from INF-γ licensed-AMSCs expressed IDO mRNA. In summary, we demonstrated that INF-γ licensing of AMSCs provides an immunosuppressive advantage both from a cell-cell contact-dependent perspective, as well as in a cell-free context. Interestingly, EVs derived from unlicensed and INF-γ licensed-AMSCs have similar ability to control activated T-cell proliferation. These results contribute towards the development of new strategies to control the immune response based on AMSCs or their derived products.
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Burgess JK, Heijink IH. The Safety and Efficiency of Addressing ARDS Using Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials. STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR LUNG DISEASE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121814 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29403-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette K. Burgess
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Schulman IH, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Aging Frailty. Front Nutr 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30498696 PMCID: PMC6249304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and degenerative conditions are strongly linked with the geriatric syndrome of frailty and account for a disproportionate percentage of the health care budget. Frailty increases the risk of falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death. By definition, frailty syndrome is characterized by declines in lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, gait speed, activity and energy levels, and organ physiologic reserve. Collectively, these changes lead to the loss of homeostasis and capability to withstand stressors and resulting vulnerabilities. There is a strong link between frailty, inflammation, and the impaired ability to repair tissue injury due to decreases in endogenous stem cell production. Although exercise and nutritional supplementation provide benefit to frail patients, there are currently no specific therapies for frailty. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic benefits in heart failure patients irrespective of age. MSCs contribute to cellular repair and tissue regeneration through their multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, homing and migratory capacity to injury sites, and stimulatory effect on endogenous tissue progenitors. The advantages of using MSCs as a therapeutic strategy include standardization of isolation and culture expansion techniques and safety in allogeneic transplantation. Based on this evidence, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, dose-finding study in elderly, frail individuals and showed that intravenously delivered allogeneic MSCs are safe and produce significant improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers. We thus propose that frailty can be treated and the link between frailty and chronic inflammation offers a potential therapeutic target, addressable by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Najar M, Ouhaddi Y, Bouhtit F, Melki R, Afif H, Boukhatem N, Merimi M, Fahmi H. Empowering the immune fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: gene and protein changes. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:167-176. [PMID: 30426152 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are referred as a promising immunotherapeutic cell product. New approaches using empowered MSCs should be developed as for the treatment or prevention of different immunological diseases. Such preconditioning by new licensing stimuli will empower the immune fate of BM-MSCs and, therefore, promote a better and more efficient biological. Here, our main goal was to establish the immunological profile of BM-MSCs following inflammatory priming and in particular their capacity to adjust their immune-related proteome and transcriptome. MATERIAL AND METHODS To run this study, we have used BM-MSC cell cultures, a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail priming, flow cytometry analysis, qPCR and ELISA techniques. RESULTS Different expression levels of several immunological mediators such as COX-1, COX-2, LIF, HGF, Gal-1, HO-1, IL-11, IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β were constitutively observed in BM-MSCs. Inflammation priming substantially but differentially modulated the gene and protein expression profiles of these mediators. Thus, expressions of COX-2, LIF, HGF, IL-11, IL-8 and IL-6 were highly increased/induced and those of COX-1, Gal-1, and TGF-β were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrated that BM-MSCs are endowed with a specific and modular regulatory machinery which is potentially involved in immunomodulation. Moreover, BM-MSCs are highly sensitive to inflammation and respond to such signal by properly adjusting their gene and protein expression of regulatory factors. Using such preconditioning may empower the immune fate of MSCs and, therefore, enhance their value for cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 900 Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Yassine Ouhaddi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 900 Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rahma Melki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hassan Afif
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 900 Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Noureddine Boukhatem
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 900 Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Aghasafari P, George U, Pidaparti R. A review of inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:59-74. [PMID: 30306206 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the lung is the body's natural response to injury. It acts to remove harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells and initiate the healing process. Acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation are seen in different respiratory diseases such as; acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). FINDINGS In this review, we found that inflammatory response in COPD is determined by the activation of epithelial cells and macrophages in the respiratory tract. Epithelial cells and macrophages discharge transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which trigger fibroblast proliferation and tissue remodeling. Asthma leads to airway hyper-responsiveness, obstruction, mucus hyper-production, and airway-wall remodeling. Cytokines, allergens, chemokines, and infectious agents are the main stimuli that activate signaling pathways in epithelial cells in asthma. Mutation of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene results in CF. Mutations in CFTR influence the lung epithelial innate immune function that leads to exaggerated and ineffective airway inflammation that fails to abolish pulmonary pathogens. We present mechanistic computational models (based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and agent-based models) that have been applied in studying the complex physiological and pathological mechanisms of chronic inflammation in different airway diseases. CONCLUSION The scope of the present review is to explore the inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases and highlight the influence of aging on airways' inflammation mechanism. The main goal of this review is to encourage research collaborations between experimentalist and modelers to promote our understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that control inflammation in different airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uduak George
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Tenogenic Properties of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Are Compromised in an Inflammatory Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092549. [PMID: 30154348 PMCID: PMC6163784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells is a valuable option for treating tendon disease. Tenogenic differentiation leading to cell replacement and subsequent matrix modulation may contribute to the regenerative effects of these cells, but it is unclear whether this occurs in the inflammatory environment of acute tendon disease. Equine adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) were cultured as monolayers or on decellularized tendon scaffolds in static or dynamic conditions, the latter represented by cyclic stretching. The impact of different inflammatory conditions, as represented by supplementation with interleukin-1β and/or tumor necrosis factor-α or by co-culture with allogeneic peripheral blood leukocytes, on ASC functional properties was investigated. High cytokine concentrations increased ASC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, but decreased chondrogenic differentiation and ASC viability in scaffold culture, as well as tendon scaffold repopulation, and strongly influenced musculoskeletal gene expression. Effects regarding the latter differed between the monolayer and scaffold cultures. Leukocytes rather decreased ASC proliferation, but had similar effects on viability and musculoskeletal gene expression. This included decreased expression of the tenogenic transcription factor scleraxis by an inflammatory environment throughout culture conditions. The data demonstrate that ASC tenogenic properties are compromised in an inflammatory environment, with relevance to their possible mechanisms of action in acute tendon disease.
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