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Sonnendecker C, Melzer S, Zimmermann W. Engineered cyclodextrin glucanotransferases from Bacillus sp. G-825-6 produce large-ring cyclodextrins with high specificity. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00757. [PMID: 30358941 PMCID: PMC6562119 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) synthesize cyclic oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins, CD) from starch. A CGTase from Bacillus sp. G-825-6 was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis at two positions by the construction of the variants Y183W, Y183R, D358R, Y183W/D358R, and Y183R/D358R. Among CD composed of 7-12 glucose units (CD7-CD12), Y183W mainly produced CD8. Y183R had completely lost its ability to synthesize CD7, and CD8 and the larger CD were the only cyclic oligosaccharides produced. D358R also formed mainly CD8-CD12 during a reaction time of 24 hr. The double mutant Y183W/D358R showed combined characteristics of the single mutations with very low CD7 cyclization activity and an increased formation of the larger CD. The results show that CGTases synthesizing mainly CD8-CD12 can be constructed allowing a convenient production of larger CD in significant amounts as host molecules in supramolecular complexing reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
- Present address:
Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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Zhou J, Ke Y, Barba FJ, Xiao S, Hu X, Qin X, Ding W, Lyu Q, Wang X, Liu G. The Addition of α-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin Affect Quality of Dough and Prebaked Bread During Frozen Storage. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050174. [PMID: 31121944 PMCID: PMC6560438 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the addition of 0–3.0 wt% α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) on the quality of wheat flour as well as the texture and the aging of prebaked bread were evaluated. The addition of α-CD and γ-CD increased the ability of wheat flour to absorb water and shortened the times of dough formation and stabilization. Amylase activity slightly increased after using 2.0 and 3.0 wt% of α-CD and γ-CD, respectively. Moreover, the addition of α-CD and γ-CD increased the fermentation height and gas retention ability of dough. Dough samples containing 2.0 wt% α-CD and 3.0 wt% γ-CD showed the highest fermentation heights and gas retention volumes, respectively. Dough gas production increased with the addition of γ-CD. Gas production by dough samples containing more than 2.0 wt% α-CD exceeded that by samples in the control group. The results of the texture crumb of bread and specific volume tests revealed that the addition of 2.0 wt% α-CD and 3.0 wt% γ-CD reduced bread hardness and increased bread elasticity, resilience, and specific volume. The optimal α-CD and γ-CD contents were identified as 2.0 wt% and 3.0 wt%, respectively. The addition of 2.0 wt% α-CD and 3.0 wt% γ-CD delayed the aging of prebaked bread and reduced the hardness of prebaked bread during different weeks of storage, which may be due to decreasing the melting enthalpy of starch crystals. This work elucidated the mechanisms underlying the effects of CD addition on prebaked bread quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yuan Ke
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda.Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Shensheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xianqin Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-product, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xinguang Qin
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Wenping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Qingyun Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, China.
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53
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Polydopamine-assisted attachment of β-cyclodextrin onto iron oxide/silica core-shell nanoparticles for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction of aromatic molecules from environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:9-20. [PMID: 31084899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution monitoring in a contaminated environmental water samples is a big challenge. In this article, immobilization of β-cyclodextrin molecules onto the magnetic core-shell silica nanoparticles was conducted by using adhesive properties of polydopamine. The synthesis path was included of three steps: producing Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a core, coating the cores with a silica layer, and further coating with β-cyclodextrin molecules. The structural characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were investigated by using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating-sample magnetometer and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Afterwards, obtained nanocomposite was used to extract eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. Results were demonstrated that analyts with different chemical structures had different extraction manners during the process. Important effective parameters on the extraction efficiency; such as sorbent type and mass, desorption solvent (type and volume), salt concentration and the time of extraction & desorption; were investigated. Under the optimum operating conditions, good linearity within the range of 1-1000 ng/mL was obtained while coefficient of determination (r2) was in the range of 0.990-0.998. The limits of detection were between 0.04 and 0.57 ng/mL, and the enrichment factor was found to be 21-90. This nanocomposite was also applied for the extraction and enrichment of aromatic analytes from the canal and rain water samples prior to gas chromatography analysis.
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Ren Z, Xu Y, Lu Z, Wang Z, Chen C, Guo Y, Shi X, Li F, Yang J, Zheng Y. Construction of a water-soluble and photostable rubropunctatin/β-cyclodextrin drug carrier. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11396-11405. [PMID: 35520226 PMCID: PMC9063492 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to construct a β-cyclodextrin drug carrier for rubropunctatin to improve its water solubility and light stability for future cytotoxicity studies. The inclusion complexation behavior of rubropunctatin with β-cyclodextrin was investigated using FESEM, FT-IR and XRD. A molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the most probable inclusion structure. The inclusion complex could be completely dispersed in water and had a small size of 121.87 ± 2.13 nm (n = 3), a good PDI (0.320 ± 0.017), and an acceptable potential value of -27.7 ± 0.32 mV (n = 3). Furthermore, the stability of the rubropunctatin in water under light irradiation was found to be greatly enhanced after being encapsulated in cyclodextrin, and it exhibited a retention rate of over 70% vs. 10.17%. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the inclusion complex was evaluated by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI detection using cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. The results showed that the inclusion complex had comparable toxicity compared to rubropunctatin solubilized with 0.4% DMSO. More importantly, the formation of the inclusion complex contributed greatly to the intensification of the bioavailability of rubropunctatin because the use of organic solvent was avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China +86-591-22866234 +86-591-22866234
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China +86-591-22866234 +86-591-22866234
| | - Zhenxin Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China +86-591-22866234 +86-591-22866234
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China +86-591-22866234 +86-591-22866234
| | - Chengqun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University Zhicheng College 523 Gongye Road Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yanghao Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Xianai Shi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Feng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Yunquan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 Fujian China +86-591-22866234 +86-591-22866234
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 China
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Hashim SO. Starch-Modifying Enzymes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:221-244. [PMID: 30937486 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch is a carbohydrate polymer found abundantly on earth. It is synthesized in plants as a short-term storage compound for respiration in the leaves and for long-term storage in the tubers, seeds and roots of plants. A wide variety of enzymes modify or convert starch into various products. The classes of enzymes that act on starch include endoamylases, exoamylases, debranching enzymes and transferases. Starch-modifying enzymes of microbial origin are utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications. Alkaline-active amylases are diverse in terms of optimum reaction conditions, substrate and product specificity. Amylases that are active at lower temperatures and alkaline conditions are most suited for detergent formulation. Other notable starch-modifying enzymes from alkaliphiles include maltooligosaccharide-forming amylases and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases), which produce a variety of maltooligosaccharides and cyclodextrins, respectively. Such compounds are used in the food, fine chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, among others. Alkaline-active amylases are also applicable in the paper, textile and leather industries and also in bioremediation and alkaline waste water treatment. Their application in these fields is further enhanced through stabilization and improving their specificity and catalytic action by employing nanotechnology and genetic engineering. Graphical Abstract *Alkaline alpha-amylase AmyK from Bacillus sp. KSM-1378. Shirai T, Igarashi K, Ozawa T, Hagihara H, Kobayashi T, Ozaki K, Ito S (2007) Proteins 66:600-610. Source: Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila Omar Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.
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56
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Change of the Product Specificity of a Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase by Semi-Rational Mutagenesis to Synthesize Large-Ring Cyclodextrins. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) convert starch to cyclodextrins (CD) of various sizes. To engineer a CGTase for the synthesis of large-ring CD composed of 9 to 12 glucose units, a loop structure of the protein involved in substrate binding was targeted for semi-rational mutagenesis. Based on multiple protein alignments and protein structure information, a mutagenic megaprimer was designed to encode a partial randomization of eight amino acid residues within the loop region. The library obtained encoding amino acid sequences occurring in wild type CGTases in combination with a screening procedure yielded sequences displaying a changed CD product specificity. As a result, variants of the CGTase from the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. G825-6 synthesizing mainly CD9 to CD12 could be obtained. When the mutagenesis experiment was performed with the CGTase G825-6 variant Y183R, the same loop alterations that increased the total CD synthesis activity resulted in lower activities of the variant enzymes created. In the presence of the amino acid residue R183, the synthesis of CD8 was suppressed and larger CD were obtained as the main products. The alterations not only affected the product specificity, but also influenced the thermal stability of some of the CGTase variants indicating the importance of the loop structure for the stability of the CGTase.
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57
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Sonnendecker C, Zimmermann W. Domain shuffling of cyclodextrin glucanotransferases for tailored product specificity and thermal stability. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:384-395. [PMID: 30761262 PMCID: PMC6356159 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) convert α-1,4-glucans to cyclic oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins, CD), which have found applications in the food and the pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we used two CGTases with different cyclization activities, product specificities, and pH and temperature optima to construct chimeric variants for the synthesis of large-ring CD. We used (a) a synthetic thermostable CGTase mainly forming α- and β-CD (CD6 and CD7) derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus ET1/NO2 (GeoT), and (b) a CGTase with lower cyclization activity from the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. G825-6, which mainly synthesizes γ-CD (CD8). The A1, B, A2, and CDE domains of the G825-6 CGTase were replaced with corresponding GeoT CGTase domains by utilizing a megaprimer cloning approach. A comparison of the optimum temperature and pH, thermal stability, and CD products synthesized by the variants revealed that the B domain had a major impact on the cyclization activity, thermal stability, and product specificity of the constructed chimera. Complete suppression of the synthesis of CD6 was observed with the variants GeoT-A1/B and GeoT-A1/A2/CDE. The variant GeoT-A1/A2/CDE showed the desired enzyme properties for large-ring CD synthesis. Its melting temperature was 9 °C higher compared to the G825-6 CGTase and it synthesized up to 3.3 g·L-1 CD9 to CD12, corresponding to a 1.8- and 2.3-fold increase compared to GeoT and G825-6 CGTase, respectively. In conclusion, GeoT-A1/A2/CDE may be a candidate for the further development of CGTases specifically forming larger CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Institute of Biochemistry Leipzig University Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Institute of Biochemistry Leipzig University Germany
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Xu J, Wu L, Guo T, Zhang G, Wang C, Li H, Li X, Singh V, Chen W, Gref R, Zhang J. A “Ship-in-a-Bottle” strategy to create folic acid nanoclusters inside the nanocages of γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks. Int J Pharm 2019; 556:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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59
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Li C, Chen S, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Enhancement of α-CGTase thermostability with the addition of calcium or barium ions. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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60
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Wang L, Chen S, Wu J. Cyclodextrin enhanced the soluble expression of Bacillus clarkii γ-CGTase in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 30419886 PMCID: PMC6233531 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) catalyze the synthesis of cyclodextrins, which are circular α-(1,4)-linked glucans used in many applications in the industries related to food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, chemicals, and agriculture, among others. Economic use of these CGTases, particularly γ-CGTase, requires their efficient production. In this study, the effects of chemical chaperones, temperature and inducers on cell growth and the production of soluble γ-CGTase by Escherichia coli were investigated. RESULTS The yield of soluble γ-CGTase in shake-flask culture approximately doubled when β-cyclodextrin was added to the culture medium as a chemical chaperone. When a modified two-stage feeding strategy incorporating 7.5 mM β-cyclodextrin was used in a 3-L fermenter, a dry cell weight of 70.3 g·L- 1 was achieved. Using this cultivation approach, the total yield of γ-CGTase activity (50.29 U·mL- 1) was 1.71-fold greater than that observed in the absence of β-cyclodextrin (29.33 U·mL- 1). CONCLUSIONS Since β-cyclodextrin is inexpensive and nontoxic to microbes, these results suggest its universal application during recombinant protein production. The higher expression of soluble γ-CGTase in a semi-synthetic medium showed the potential of the proposed process for the economical production of many enzymes on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Lin YK, Show PL, Yap YJ, Ariff A, Annuar MSBM, Lai OM, Ling TC, Ng EP. Extractive Bioconversion of Gamma-Cyclodextrin and Recycling of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase in Liquid Biphasic System Using Thermo-Separating Polymer. Front Chem 2018; 6:448. [PMID: 30345267 PMCID: PMC6182088 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extractive bioconversion conducted on soluble starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme in ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO)/potassium phosphates liquid biphasic system (LBS) to extract gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was examined. A range of EOPO (with potassium phosphates) molecular weights was screen to investigate the effect of the latter on the partioning efficency of CGTase and γ-CD. The results show that the optimal top phase γ-CD yield (74.4%) was reached in 35.0% (w/w) EOPO 970 and 10.0% (w/w) potassium phosphate with 2.0% (w/w) sodium chloride. A theoretical explanation for the effect of NaCl on γ-CD was also presented. After a 2 h bioconversion process, a total of 0.87 mg/mL concentration of γ-CD was produced in the EOPO/ phosphates LBS top phase. After the extraction of top phase from LBS, four continuous repetitive batches were successfully conducted with relative CGTase activity of 1.00, 0.86, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kiat Lin
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Ariff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Chen S, Li Z, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Holler TP, Li C. Leu600 mutations decrease product inhibition of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans STB01. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1194-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Influence of the flow field on α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production by Escherichia coli BL21. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:819-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Theoretical study of an anti-Markovnikov addition reaction catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin. J Mol Model 2018; 24:77. [PMID: 29500625 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic internal cavity, which allows it to form host-guest complexes with a wide range of guests, such as organics, inorganics, and biomolecules. The aforementioned features lead to an extensive range of applications of β-CD, as the properties of β-CD mean that it is environmentally friendly and can be recovered and reused without mass loss. Here, the β-CD-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov addition of styrene to thiophenol in the presence of aerial oxygen and in aqueous solution to give 1-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)-1-ethanol was studied using density functional theory (DFT) and the Hartree-Fock (HF) method. The optimal configuration of the inclusion complex of styrene and thiophenol within β-CD was obtained, which indicated that styrene and thiophenol enter from the secondary and primary hydroxyl ends of β-CD, respectively. Moreover, hydrogen bonding of β-CD with styrene and thiophenol contributes to the stability of the inclusion complex. An investigation of the charges from electrostatic potentials using a grid-based method (CHELPG) highlighted the distribution of atomic charges upon complexation. The reaction sites of styrene and thiophenol were determined based on electrostatic potentials (ESPs) and condensed dual descriptors. The calculated 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum of β-CD implied that the chemical shifts of its protons change and H3 and H5 move to higher fields upon complexation, while the calculated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectrum of styrene suggested that this molecule is electrophilic. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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High-efficiency production of γ-cyclodextrin using β-cyclodextrin as the donor raw material by cyclodextrin opening reactions using recombinant cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 182:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Crini G, Fourmentin S, Fenyvesi É, Torri G, Fourmentin M, Morin-Crini N. Fundamentals and Applications of Cyclodextrins. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76159-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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67
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Li X, Guo T, Lachmanski L, Manoli F, Menendez-Miranda M, Manet I, Guo Z, Wu L, Zhang J, Gref R. Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks particles as efficient carriers for lansoprazole: Study of morphology and chemical composition of individual particles. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:424-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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68
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Wongpituk P, Nutho B, Panman W, Kungwan N, Wolschann P, Rungrotmongkol T, Nunthaboot N. Structural dynamics and binding free energy of neral-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes: molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1356458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peerapong Wongpituk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Faculty of Science, Program in Biotechnology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Panman
- Faculty of Science, Multidisciplinary Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Faculty of Science, Structural and Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Faculty of Science, Structural and Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Molecular Sensory Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nadtanet Nunthaboot
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
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Wei YY, Liu Z, Luo F, Zhang L, Wang W, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. A Novel Poly(N
-Isopropylacrylamide-co
-acryloylamidobenzo-12-crown-4) Microgel with Rapid Stimuli-Responsiveness for Molecule-Specific Adsorption of γ-Cyclodextrin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
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70
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Aytac Z, Ipek S, Durgun E, Tekinay T, Uyar T. Antibacterial electrospun zein nanofibrous web encapsulating thymol/cyclodextrin-inclusion complex for food packaging. Food Chem 2017; 233:117-124. [PMID: 28530556 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thymol (THY)/γ-Cyclodextrin(γ-CD) inclusion complex (IC) encapsulated electrospun zein nanofibrous webs (zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF) were fabricated as a food packaging material. The formation of THY/γ-CD-IC (1:1 and 2:1) was proved by experimental (X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), 1H NMR) and computational techniques. THY/γ-CD-IC (2:1) exhibited higher preservation rate and stability than THY/γ-CD-IC (1:1). It is worth mentioning that zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (2:1) preserved much more THY as observed in TGA and stability of THY/γ-CD-IC (2:1) was higher, as shown by a modelling study. Therefore, much more THY was released from zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (2:1) than zein-THY-NF and zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (1:1). Similarly, antibacterial activity of zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (2:1) was higher than zein-THY-NF and zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (1:1). It was demonstrated that zein-THY/γ-CD-IC-NF (2:1) was most effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria on meat samples. These webs show potential application as an antibacterial food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aytac
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Semran Ipek
- Department of Engineering Physics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Engin Durgun
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Turgay Tekinay
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Tamer Uyar
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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71
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Schöffer JDN, Matte CR, Charqueiro DS, de Menezes EW, Costa TMH, Benvenutti EV, Rodrigues RC, Hertz PF. Effects of immobilization, pH and reaction time in the modulation of α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrins production by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase: Batch and continuous process. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:41-49. [PMID: 28504163 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the immobilization of a β-CGTase on glutaraldehyde pre-activated silica and its use to production of cyclodextrins in batch and continuous reactions. We were able to modulate the cyclodextrin production (α-, β- and γ-CD) by immobilization and changing the reaction conditions. In batch reactions, the immobilized enzyme reached to maximum productions of 4.9mgmL-1 of α-CD, 3.6mgmL-1 of β-CD and 3.5mgmL-1 of γ-CD at different conditions of temperature, pH and reaction time. In continuous reactor, varying the residence time and pH it was possible to produce at pH 4.0 and 141min of residence time preferentially γ-CD (0.75 and 3.36mgmL-1 of α- and γ-CD, respectively), or at pH 8.0 and 4.81min α- and β-CDs (3.44 and 3.51mgmL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssie da Natividade Schöffer
- Grupo de Biotecnologia, Bioprocessos e Biocatálise, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Matte
- Grupo de Biotecnologia, Bioprocessos e Biocatálise, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Santana Charqueiro
- Laboratório de Sólidos e Superfície, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana Weber de Menezes
- Laboratório de Sólidos e Superfície, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Haas Costa
- Laboratório de Sólidos e Superfície, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilson Valmir Benvenutti
- Laboratório de Sólidos e Superfície, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Grupo de Biotecnologia, Bioprocessos e Biocatálise, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Plinho Francisco Hertz
- Grupo de Biotecnologia, Bioprocessos e Biocatálise, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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72
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Phunpee S, Ruktanonchai UR, Yoshii H, Assabumrungrat S, Soottitantawat A. Encapsulation of lemongrass oil with cyclodextrins by spray drying and its controlled release characteristics. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:718-723. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1277942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inclusion of the two isomers of citral (E-citral and Z-citral), components of lemongrass oil, was investigated within the confines of various cyclodextrin (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) host molecules. Aqueous complex formation constants for E-citral with α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD were determined to be 123, 185, and 204 L/mol, respectively, whereas Z-citral exhibited stronger affinities (157, 206, and 253 L/mol, respectively). The binding trend γ-CD > β-CD > α-CD is a reflection of the more favorable geometrical accommodation of the citral isomers with increasing cavity size. Encapsulation of lemongrass oil within CDs was undertaken through shaking citral:CD (1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1 molar ratio) mixtures followed by spray drying. Maximum citral retention occurred at a 1:1 molar ratio with β-CD and α-CD demonstrating the highest levels of total E-citral and Z-citral retention, respectively. Furthermore, the β-CD complex demonstrated the slowest release rate of all inclusion complex powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Phunpee
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Hidefumi Yoshii
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Suttichai Assabumrungrat
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apinan Soottitantawat
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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73
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Koo YS, Ko DS, Jeong DW, Shim JH. Development and Application of Cyclodextrin Hydrolyzing Mutant Enzyme Which Hydrolyzes β- and γ-CD Selectively. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2331-2336. [PMID: 28251851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are produced from starch by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), which has cyclization activity. Specifically, α-CD is an important biomolecule, as it is a molecular carrier and soluble dietary fiber used in the food industry. Upon inspection of the conserved regions of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 13 family amylases, the amino acids K232 and H233 of CGTase were identified as playing an important role in enzyme reaction specificity. A novel CD hydrolyzing enzyme, cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase)-alpha, was developed using site-directed mutagenesis at these positions. Action pattern analysis using various substrates revealed that CGTase-alpha was able to hydrolyze β- and γ-CD, but not α-CD. This selective CD hydrolyzing property was employed to purify α-CD from a CD mixture solution. The α-CD that remained after treatment with CGTase-alpha and exotype glucoamylase was purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography with 99% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Koo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Dam-Seul Ko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
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74
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Watson MA, Lea JM, Bett-Garber KL. Spray drying of pomegranate juice using maltodextrin/cyclodextrin blends as the wall material. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:820-826. [PMID: 28572973 PMCID: PMC5448382 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation protects sensitive nutrients, masks flavors, or enhances delivery. Ratios of maltodextrin and γ‐cyclodextrin (20:0, 19:1, and 17:3% w/w) were dissolved in water and mixed with pomegranate juice for spray drying with inlet temperatures of 120, 140, and 160°C. The effects on physical properties (water activity, % water content, color, pH, soluble solids (Brix), and methyl cellulose precipitable tannin assay (MCPTA) were examined. Based on the principle component analysis, formulation influenced color parameters and pH accounted for 46.8% of the variation in the data. Temperature influenced Chroma and water‐holding capacity with 31.8% of the variation. The pH of the reconstituted spray‐dried powder significantly influenced color. Blending of γ‐cyclodextrins to maltodextrins slightly increased the water‐holding capacity, increased pH, slightly affected color, and preserved the color over time, slightly better. Increased inlet temperature affected color, decreased water‐holding capacity, and decreased astringency index. Small additions of γ‐cyclodextrin affect spray‐dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Watson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Jeanne M Lea
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Karen L Bett-Garber
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
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75
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Zhang K, Su L, Duan X, Liu L, Wu J. High-level extracellular protein production in Bacillus subtilis using an optimized dual-promoter expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:32. [PMID: 28219382 PMCID: PMC5319110 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently constructed a Bacillus subtilis strain (CCTCC M 2016536) from which we had deleted the srfC, spoIIAC, nprE, aprE and amyE genes. This strain is capable of robust recombinant protein production and amenable to high-cell-density fermentation. Because the promoter is among the factors that influence the production of target proteins, optimization of the initial promoter, PamyQ from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, should improve protein expression using this strain. This study was undertaken to develop a new, high-level expression system in B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536. RESULTS Using the enzyme β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) as a reporter protein and B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536 as the host, nine plasmids equipped with single promoters were screened using shake-flask cultivation. The plasmid containing the PamyQ' promoter produced the greatest extracellular β-CGTase activity; 24.1 U/mL. Subsequently, six plasmids equipped with dual promoters were constructed and evaluated using this same method. The plasmid containing the dual promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' produced the highest extracellular β-CGTase activity (30.5 U/mL) and was relatively glucose repressed. The dual promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' also mediated substantial extracellular pullulanase (90.7 U/mL) and α-CGTase expression (9.5 U/mL) during shake-flask cultivation, demonstrating the general applicability of this system. Finally, the production of β-CGTase using the dual-promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' system was investigated in a 3-L fermenter. Extracellular expression of β-CGTase reached 571.2 U/mL (2.5 mg/mL), demonstrating the potential of this system for use in industrial applications. CONCLUSIONS The dual-promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' system was found to support superior expression of extracellular proteins in B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536. This system appears generally applicable and is amenable to scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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76
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Aytac Z, Keskin NOS, Tekinay T, Uyar T. Antioxidant α-tocopherol/γ-cyclodextrin-inclusion complex encapsulated poly(lactic acid) electrospun nanofibrous web for food packaging. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aytac
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Nalan Oya San Keskin
- Department of Biology, Polatlı Faculty of Literature and Science; Gazi University; Ankara 06900 Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center; Gazi University; Ankara 06830 Turkey
| | - Turgay Tekinay
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center; Gazi University; Ankara 06830 Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics; Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University; Ankara 06560 Turkey
| | - Tamer Uyar
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
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77
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Park S. Cyclic Glucans Enhance Solubility of Bioavailable Flavonoids. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111556. [PMID: 27854350 PMCID: PMC6273393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse flavonoids are abundant in dietary food constituents and possess useful biological activities. However, some flavonoids have limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. As an important approach to enhance aqueous solubility, inclusion of hydrophobic guest molecules in hydrophilic hosts such as cyclic glucans has been used. This review summarizes applications of β-cyclodextrin, synthetic β-cyclodextrin derivatives, and newly synthesized derivatives of cyclosophoraoses as complexing agents to enhance the bioavailability of flavonoids such as baicalein, kaempferol, and naphthoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea.
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78
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Double mutations enhance β-cyclization activity of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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79
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Li C, Xu Q, Gu Z, Chen S, Wu J, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase variants experience different modes of product inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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80
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Saokham P, Loftsson T. γ-Cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm 2016; 516:278-292. [PMID: 27989822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
γ-Cyclodextrin (γCD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide formed by bacterial digestion of starch and used as solubilizing agent and stabilizer in a variety of pharmaceutical and food products. γCD is a large (molecular weight 1297Da) hydrophilic molecule that does not readily permeate biological membranes and is rapidly digested by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In humans γCD is metabolized by α-amylase that is found in, for example, saliva, bile fluid and tears. Thus, bioavailability of γCD is negligible. Also, γCD is readily excreted unchanged in the urine after parenteral administration. Like other cyclodextrins, γCD can form water-soluble inclusion complexes with many poorly-soluble compounds. In comparison with the natural αCD and βCD, γCD has the largest hydrophobic cavity, highest water solubility and the most favorable toxicological profile. The focus of this review is production, physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and applications of γCD and its derivatives. Also, the aggregation behavior of γCD in aqueous media is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phennapha Saokham
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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81
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Arce-Vázquez MB, Ponce-Alquicira E, Delgado-Fornué E, Pedroza-Islas R, Díaz-Godínez G, Soriano-Santos J. Integral Use of Amaranth Starch to Obtain Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase, by Bacillus megaterium, to Produce β-Cyclodextrin. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1513. [PMID: 27721811 PMCID: PMC5033961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an enzyme that produces cyclodextrins (CDs) from starch and related carbohydrates, producing a mixture of α-, β-, and γ-CDs in different amounts. CGTase production, mainly by Bacillus sp., depends on fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature, concentration of nutrients, carbon and nitrogen sources, among others. Bacillus megaterium CGTase produces those three types of CDs, however, β-CD should prevail. Although, waxy corn starch (CS) is used industrially to obtain CGTase and CDs because of its high amylopectin content, alternative sources such as amaranth starch (AS) could be used to accomplish those purposes. AS has high susceptibility to the amylolytic activity of CGTase because of its 80% amylopectin content. Therefore, the aim of this work was evaluate the AS as carbon source for CGTase production by B. megaterium in a submerged fermentation. Afterwards, the CGTase was purified partially and its activity to synthesize α-, β-, and γ-CDs was evaluated using 1% AS as substrate. B. megaterium produced a 66 kDa CGTase (Topt = 50°C; pHopt = 8.0), from the early exponential growth phase which lasted 36 h. The maximum CGTase specific activity (106.62 ± 8.33 U/mg protein) was obtained after 36 h of culture. CGTase obtained with a Km = 0.152 mM and a Vmax = 13.4 μM/min yielded 40.47% total CDs using AS which was roughly twice as much as that of corn starch (CS; 24.48%). High costs to produce CDs in the pharmaceutical and food industries might be reduced by using AS because of its higher α-, β- and γ-CDs production (12.81, 17.94, and 9.92%, respectively) in a shorter time than that needed for CS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ezequiel Delgado-Fornué
- Department of Wood, Cellulose and Paper, Biomaterials Research Center, University of Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ruth Pedroza-Islas
- Department of Engineering and Chemistry, Iberoamericana University Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Díaz-Godínez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Center for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala Tlaxcala, México
| | - J Soriano-Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Metropolitan Autonomus University Mexico, Mexico
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82
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Studentská 1402/2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
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83
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Immobilization of Glycoside Hydrolase Families GH1, GH13, and GH70: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081074. [PMID: 27548117 PMCID: PMC6274110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes capable to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or even between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. Because of the increasing interest for industrial applications of these enzymes, the immobilization of GH has become an important development in order to improve its activity, stability, as well as the possibility of its reuse in batch reactions and in continuous processes. In this review, we focus on the broad aspects of immobilization of enzymes from the specific GH families. A brief introduction on methods of enzyme immobilization is presented, discussing some advantages and drawbacks of this technology. We then review the state of the art of enzyme immobilization of families GH1, GH13, and GH70, with special attention on the enzymes β-glucosidase, α-amylase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, and dextransucrase. In each case, the immobilization protocols are evaluated considering their positive and negative aspects. Finally, the perspectives on new immobilization methods are briefly presented.
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84
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Cyclodextrin Glycosyl Transferase (CGTase): An Overview of Their Production and Biotechnological Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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85
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Production of γ-cyclodextrin by Bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase using extractive bioconversion in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:692-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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86
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Asp577 mutations enhance the catalytic efficiency of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 83:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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87
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Durante M, Lenucci MS, Marrese PP, Rizzi V, De Caroli M, Piro G, Fini P, Russo GL, Mita G. Α-Cyclodextrin encapsulation of supercritical CO₂ extracted oleoresins from different plant matrices: A stability study. Food Chem 2015; 199:684-93. [PMID: 26776025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the encapsulation in α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) of wheat bran, pumpkin and tomato oleoresins, extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, to obtain freeze-dried powders useful as ready-to-mix ingredients for novel functional food formulation. The stability of tocochromanols, carotenoids and fatty acids in the oleoresin/α-CD complexes, compared to the corresponding free oleoresins, was also monitored over time in different combinations of storage conditions. Regardless of light, storage at 25°C of free oleoresins determined a rapid decrease in carotenoids, tocochromanols and PUFAs. α-CD encapsulation improved the stability of most bioactive compounds. Storage at 4°C synergized with encapsulation in preventing degradation of bioactives. Unlike all other antioxidants, lycopene in tomato oleoresin/α-CD complex resulted to be more susceptible to oxidation than in free oleoresin, likely due to its selective sequestration from the interaction with other lipophilic molecules of the oleoresin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Durante
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Marrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica De Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Fini
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Istituto Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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88
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Development and validation of a simple high performance liquid chromatography – evaporative light scattering detector method for direct quantification of native cyclodextrins in a cyclization medium. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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89
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pseudalcaliphilus PN-137T (DSM 8725), an Alkaliphilic Halotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Garden Soils. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00919-15. [PMID: 26272579 PMCID: PMC4536690 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00919-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus pseudalcaliphilus PN-137T (DSM 8725) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, alkaliphilic, and halotolerant bacterium. Here, we report the 4.49-Mb genome sequence of B. pseudalcaliphilus PN-137T, which will accelerate the application of this alkaliphile and provide useful information for genomic taxonomy and phylogenomics of Bacillus-like bacteria.
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90
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Chen F, Xie T, Yue Y, Qian S, Chao Y, Pei J. Molecular dynamic analysis of mutant Y195I α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase with switched product specificity from α-cyclodextrin to γ-cyclodextrin. J Mol Model 2015. [PMID: 26216223 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) glycosyltransferase (α-CGTase) can convert starch into α-CD blended with various proportions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and/or γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). In this study, we verified the catalytic characteristics of purified Y195I α-CGTase and elucidated the mechanism of action with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. We found that purified Y195I α-CGTase produced less α-CD, slightly more β-CD, and significantly more γ-CD than wild-type α-CGTase. Correspondingly, α-CD-based K m values increased, and β-CD- and γ-CD-based K m values decreased. MD simulation studies revealed that the dynamic trajectories of the substrate oligosaccharide chain in the mutant CGTase binding site were significantly different from those in the wild-type enzyme, with reduced hydrophobic interaction, finally resulting in different product specificity and more γ-CD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjin Chen
- Center for Quantitative Biology, AAIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871
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91
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Melzer S, Sonnendecker C, Föllner C, Zimmermann W. Stepwise error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling changed the pH activity range and product specificity of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:528-34. [PMID: 26155461 PMCID: PMC4491590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed random mutagenesis experiments with a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. Error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling steps were combined. Variants with a broad pH activity range could be obtained. Several variants showed increased product specificity for γ-cyclodextrin.
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) from the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. G-825-6 converts starch mainly to γ-cyclodextrin (CD8). A combination of error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling was used to obtain variants of this enzyme with higher product specificity for CD8 and a broad pH activity range. The variant S54 with seven amino acid substitutions showed a 1.2-fold increase in CD8-synthesizing activity and the product ratio of CD7:CD8 was shifted to 1:7 compared to 1:3 of the wild-type enzyme. Nine amino acid substitutions of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase were performed to generate the variant S35 active in a pH range 4.0–10.0. Compared to the wild-type enzyme which is inactive below pH 6.0, S35 retained 70% of its CD8-synthesizing activity at pH 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Melzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Sonnendecker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Föllner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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92
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Sybuia MF, Guilhermetti M, Mangolim CS, Bazotte RB, Matioli G. Impact of Cyclodextrins on Postprandial Glycemia: Evaluation in Experimental Animal Model Using the Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. J Med Food 2015; 18:625-30. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Guilhermetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Graciette Matioli
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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93
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Ban X, Gu Z, Li C, Huang M, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z. Mutations at calcium binding site III in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase improve β-cyclodextrin specificity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Abdel–Naby MA, Fouad AA, El-Refai H. Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of glycosylated Bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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95
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Brown CJ, Toste FD, Bergman RG, Raymond KN. Supramolecular catalysis in metal-ligand cluster hosts. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3012-35. [PMID: 25898212 DOI: 10.1021/cr4001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 888] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Brown
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,‡Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth N Raymond
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,‡Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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96
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Fenelon VC, Aguiar MFA, Miyoshi JH, Martinez CO, Matioli G. Ultrafiltration system for cyclodextrin production in repetitive batches by CGTase from Bacillus firmus strain 37. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1291-301. [PMID: 25656697 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the yield of cyclodextrins (CDs) production in repetitive batches. An innovative ultrafiltration system was used to remove the inhibitory products that accumulated in the medium and to recover the enzyme. The assays were performed with the CGTase from Bacillus firmus strain 37 in purified, semi-purified, and crude extract forms. Maltodextrin (10% w/v) and corn starch (5% w/v) were used as substrates. After eight repetitive 24-h batches, the yield of β-CD obtained with the purified enzyme and the corn starch substrate was 0.54 mmol/L/h, which was 36% greater than that observed with the 10% maltodextrin substrate. The crude CGTase extract with the corn starch substrate showed a productivity of 0.38 mmol/L/h, which was 29% lower than using the purified enzyme and the corn starch substrate but 7% higher than using the purified enzyme and the maltodextrin substrate. The crude extract, assayed with the corn starch substrate in the presence of 10% ethanol reached 0.43 mmol/L/h productivity, which was 12% higher compared to the assay without ethanol. The semi-purified enzyme was assayed with the corn starch substrate in the presence of 10% ethanol for eight batches lasting 12 h and an excellent selectivity for the β-CD was obtained, reaching a mean percentage of 96.0%. Therefore, this ultrafiltration system enabled several batches of CD production, with efficient removal of products inhibitory to the CGTase and recovery of the enzyme. The possibility of industrial application of this system is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderson Carvalho Fenelon
- Pharmaceutical Science Program, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa PR, 87020-900, Brazil
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97
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cells. It is the major lipid constituent of the plasma membrane and is also abundant in most other organelle membranes. In the plasma membrane cholesterol plays critical physical roles in the maintenance of membrane fluidity and membrane permeability. It is also important for membrane trafficking, cell signalling, and lipid as well as protein sorting. Cholesterol is essential for the formation of liquid ordered domains in model membranes, which in cells are known as lipid nanodomains or lipid rafts. Cholesterol depletion is widely used to study the role of cholesterol in cellular processes and can be performed over days using inhibitors of its synthesis or acutely over minutes using chemical reagents. Acute cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) is the most widely used method and here we describe how it should be performed to avoid the common side-effect cell death.
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98
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Huang M, Li C, Gu Z, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z. Mutations in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans enhance β-cyclization activity and β-cyclodextrin production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11209-11214. [PMID: 25359453 DOI: 10.1021/jf503523z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19, CGTase) is used to produce cyclodextrins, which are cyclic glucans with many industrial applications. In the present study, the effects of the amino acid residue at position 577, which is located in calcium-binding site III (CaIII), on cyclization activity and cyclodextrin production were investigated by replacing Asp577 in CGTase from Bacillus circulans STB01 with glutamate, arginine, lysine, and histidine. The results showed that mutations D577E and D577R significantly increased the β-cyclization activity. The D577R mutant, in particular, displayed a 30.7% increase in the β-cyclization activity when compared to the wild-type CGTase. Furthermore, under conditions resembling industrial production processes, the D577R and D577E mutants displayed 9.1 and 2.0% enhancement in β-cyclodextrin production, respectively. More importantly, the higher β-cyclization activities resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of mutant protein required during the process. Thus, the two mutants were much more suitable for the industrial production of β-cyclodextrin than the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡School of Food Science and Technology, and §Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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99
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Current studies on sucrose isomerase and biological isomaltulose production using sucrose isomerase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6569-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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100
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Li C, Huang M, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Nanosilica sol leads to further increase in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000-enhanced thermostability of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2919-2924. [PMID: 24641510 DOI: 10.1021/jf500322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A major disadvantage of cyclodextrin production is the limited thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. The ability of combinations of nanosilica sol with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 to enhance the thermostability of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans was investigated. It was found that 10% PEG 1000 combined with 0.05% nanosilica sol could activate the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by 17.2%. Furthermore, 0.05% nanosilica sol leads to further increase in PEG 1000-enhanced thermostability of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. With the simultaneous addition of 10% PEG 1000 and 0.05% nanosilica into the enzyme solution, which was allowed to incubate for 60 min at 60 °C, 61.3% of β-cyclodextrin-forming activity could be retained, which was much higher than that with only 10% PEG 1000 added. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism analysis indicated that silica nanoparticles helped PEG 1000 further protect the tertiary and secondary structures of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. This study provides an effective approach for improving the thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡School of Food Science and Technology, and §Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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