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Hashizume K, Ito T, Nakayama A, Okuda M. Analysis of Ferulic andp-Coumaric Acids in Japanese Rice for Sake Brewing. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-13-0118-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hashizume
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Shimoshinjyo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
- Corresponding author. Phone: +81-18-872-1584. Fax: +81-18-872-1676. E-mail:
| | - Toshihiko Ito
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Shimoshinjyo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Airi Nakayama
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Nakano Shimoshinjyo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Masaki Okuda
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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52
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Chyba A, Mastihuba V, Mastihubová M. Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl caffeate and its use in assays of caffeoyl esterases. Anal Biochem 2014; 445:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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53
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Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Nimtz M, Popper L, Berger RG. An enzyme from Auricularia auricula-judae combining both benzoyl and cinnamoyl esterase activity. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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54
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Hashizume K, Ito T, Ishizuka T, Takeda N. Formation of ethyl ferulate by rice koji enzyme in sake and mirin mash conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:209-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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55
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Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. Donor specificity and regioselectivity in Lipolase mediated acylations of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside by vinyl esters of phenolic acids and their analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5389-92. [PMID: 23953194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a model acceptor was acylated by several phenolic and non-phenolic vinyl esters using immobilised Lipolase. Donor specificity and regioselectivity of reaction were investigated. Conversion and rate of acylation by structurally varied donors indicates that the synthetic reactivity of Lipolase corresponds to the hydrolytic activity of feruloyl esterase type A. Lipolase exhibited remarkable regioselectivity for primary position of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside. The acylation occurred exclusively at 6-O primary position when vinyl esters of phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoates, hydroxyphenylalkanoates and hydroxycinnamates) served as acyl donors (5-77%). In addition to the major 6-O-acyl products (52-79%), 2,6-di-O-acylated derivatives were isolated from reaction mixtures (2-13%) when non-phenolic donors were used (vinyl esters of fully methoxylated derivatives of phenolic acids, along with vinyl benzoates, cinnamates or some heterocyclic analogues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Mastihubová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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56
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Enzymatic Production of Ferulic Acid from Defatted Rice Bran by Using a Combination of Bacterial Enzymes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1085-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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57
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Haase-Aschoff P, Linke D, Berger RG. Detection of feruloyl- and cinnamoyl esterases from basidiomycetes in the presence of interfering laccase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:231-8. [PMID: 23306132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on basidiomycete sources of feruloyl esterases (FAEs), although many wood-rotting representatives of these fungi typically grow on feruloyl-rich substrates. A major reason is that the almost ubiquitous presence of laccases interferes with the detection of FAE activity. Laccases polymerize the liberated ferulic acid (FA) in situ, thus detracting the product of enzymatic hydrolysis from its detection. A rapid HPLC-UV method was developed to detect the loss of FA, but also to quantify the hydrolysis of FA esters. The method allows at the same time to evaluate the substrate specificity of a FAE. Forty one basidiomycetes were tested for their FAE activities, and 25 out of the set were positive. The basidiomycetes hydrolyzing cinnamates with the highest conversion rates were Auricularia auricula-judae and Marasmius scorodonius. Moreover, a new FAE inducer, the nonionic detergent Tween 80, was found. This is the first comprehensive study on basidiomycete sources of FAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Haase-Aschoff
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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58
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Damásio ARL, Braga CMP, Brenelli LB, Citadini AP, Mandelli F, Cota J, de Almeida RF, Salvador VH, Paixao DAA, Segato F, Mercadante AZ, de Oliveira Neto M, do Santos WD, Squina FM. Biomass-to-bio-products application of feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:6759-67. [PMID: 23229566 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural polysaccharides contained in plant cell walls have been pointed to as a promising renewable alternative to petroleum and natural gas. Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous component of plant polysaccharides, which is found in either monomeric or dimeric forms and is covalently linked to arabinosyl residues. Ferulic acid has several commercial applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The study herein introduces a novel feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus (AcFAE). Along with a comprehensive functional and biophysical characterization, the low-resolution structure of this enzyme was also determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. In addition, we described the production of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity from wheat arabinoxylan and sugarcane bagasse using AcFAE. The ability to specifically cleave ester linkages in hemicellulose is useful in several biotechnological applications, including improved accessibility to lignocellulosic enzymes for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R L Damásio
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, no. 10.000, Caixa, Postal 6170 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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59
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Saykhedkar S, Ray A, Ayoubi-Canaan P, Hartson SD, Prade R, Mort AJ. A time course analysis of the extracellular proteome of Aspergillus nidulans growing on sorghum stover. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:52. [PMID: 22835028 PMCID: PMC3413557 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi are important players in the turnover of plant biomass because they produce a broad range of degradative enzymes. Aspergillus nidulans, a well-studied saprophyte and close homologue to industrially important species such as A. niger and A. oryzae, was selected for this study. RESULTS A. nidulans was grown on sorghum stover under solid-state culture conditions for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. Based on analysis of chitin content, A. nidulans grew to be 4-5% of the total biomass in the culture after 2 days and then maintained a steady state of 4% of the total biomass for the next 12 days. A hyphal mat developed on the surface of the sorghum by day one and as seen by scanning electron microscopy the hyphae enmeshed the sorghum particles by day 5. After 14 days hyphae had penetrated the entire sorghum slurry. Analysis (1-D PAGE LC-MS/MS) of the secretome of A. nidulans, and analysis of the breakdown products from the sorghum stover showed a wide range of enzymes secreted. A total of 294 extracellular proteins were identified with hemicellulases, cellulases, polygalacturonases, chitinases, esterases and lipases predominating the secretome. Time course analysis revealed a total of 196, 166, 172 and 182 proteins on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 respectively. The fungus used 20% of the xylan and cellulose by day 7 and 30% by day 14. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, feruloyl esterases, and CAZy family 61 endoglucanases, all of which are thought to reduce the recalcitrance of biomass to hydrolysis, were found in high abundance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that A. nidulans secretes a wide array of enzymes to degrade the major polysaccharides and lipids (but probably not lignin) by 1 day of growth on sorghum. The data suggests simultaneous breakdown of hemicellulose, cellulose and pectin. Despite secretion of most of the enzymes on day 1, changes in the relative abundances of enzymes over the time course indicates that the set of enzymes secreted is tailored to the specific substrates available. Our findings reveal that A. nidulans is capable of degrading the major polysaccharides in sorghum without any chemical pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Saykhedkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Anamika Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Patricia Ayoubi-Canaan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Steven D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Rolf Prade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Andrew J Mort
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Gasser CA, Hommes G, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX. Multi-catalysis reactions: new prospects and challenges of biotechnology to valorize lignin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1115-34. [PMID: 22782247 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been dedicated to the chemical depolymerization of lignin, a biopolymer constituting a possible renewable source for aromatic value-added chemicals. However, these efforts yielded limited success up until now. Efficient lignin conversion might necessitate novel catalysts enabling new types of reactions. The use of multiple catalysts, including a combination of biocatalysts, might be necessary. New perspectives for the combination of bio- and inorganic catalysts in one-pot reactions are emerging, thanks to green chemistry-driven advances in enzyme engineering and immobilization and new chemical catalyst design. Such combinations could offer several advantages, especially by reducing time and yield losses associated with the isolation and purification of the reaction products, but also represent a big challenge since the optimal reaction conditions of bio- and chemical catalysis reactions are often different. This mini-review gives an overview of bio- and inorganic catalysts having the potential to be used in combination for lignin depolymerization. We also discuss key aspects to consider when combining these catalysts in one-pot reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Gasser
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland
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61
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Chen SK, Wang K, Liu Y, Hu X. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a novel halotolerant feruloyl esterase identified from a soil metagenomic library. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:767-70. [PMID: 22750860 PMCID: PMC3388917 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112017812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase cleaves the ester linkage formed between ferulic acid and polysaccharides in plant cell walls and thus has wide potential industrial applications. A novel feruloyl esterase (EstF27) identified from a soil metagenomic library was crystallized and a complete data set was collected from a single cooled crystal using an in-house X-ray source. The crystal diffracted to 2.9 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 94.35, b = 106.19, c = 188.51 Å, α = β = γ = 90.00°. A Matthews coefficient of 2.55 Å(3) Da(-1), with a corresponding solvent content of 51.84%, suggested the presence of ten protein subunits in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-ke Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People’s Republic of China
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62
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Udatha DBRKG, Mapelli V, Panagiotou G, Olsson L. Common and distant structural characteristics of feruloyl esterase families from Aspergillus oryzae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39473. [PMID: 22745763 PMCID: PMC3382194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are important biomass degrading accessory enzymes due to their capability of cleaving the ester links between hemicellulose and pectin to aromatic compounds of lignin, thus enhancing the accessibility of plant tissues to cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. FAEs have gained increased attention in the area of biocatalytic transformations for the synthesis of value added compounds with medicinal and nutritional applications. Following the increasing attention on these enzymes, a novel descriptor based classification system has been proposed for FAEs resulting into 12 distinct families and pharmacophore models for three FAE sub-families have been developed. Methodology/Principal Findings The feruloylome of Aspergillus oryzae contains 13 predicted FAEs belonging to six sub-families based on our recently developed descriptor-based classification system. The three-dimensional structures of the 13 FAEs were modeled for structural analysis of the feruloylome. The three genes coding for three enzymes, viz., A.O.2, A.O.8 and A.O.10 from the feruloylome of A. oryzae, representing sub-families with unknown functional features, were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, characterized for substrate specificity and structural characterization through CD spectroscopy. Common feature-based pharamacophore models were developed according to substrate specificity characteristics of the three enzymes. The active site residues were identified for the three expressed FAEs by determining the titration curves of amino acid residues as a function of the pH by applying molecular simulations. Conclusions/Significance Our findings on the structure-function relationships and substrate specificity of the FAEs of A. oryzae will be instrumental for further understanding of the FAE families in the novel classification system. The developed pharmacophore models could be applied for virtual screening of compound databases for short listing the putative substrates prior to docking studies or for post-processing docking results to remove false positives. Our study exemplifies how computational predictions can complement to the information obtained through experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. B. R. K. Gupta Udatha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valeria Mapelli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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63
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Biely P. Microbial carbohydrate esterases deacetylating plant polysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1575-88. [PMID: 22580218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several plant polysaccharides are partially esterified with acetic acid. One of the roles of this modification is protection of plant cell walls against invading microorganisms. Acetylation of glycosyl residues of polysaccharides prevents hydrolysis of their glycosidic linkages by the corresponding glycoside hydrolases. In this way the acetylation also represents an obstacle of enzymatic saccharification of plant hemicelluloses to fermentable sugars which appears to be a hot topic of current research. We can eliminate this obstacle by alkaline extraction or pretreatment leading to saponification of ester linkages. However, this task has been accomplished in a different way in the nature. The acetyl groups became targets of microbial carbohydrate esterases that evolved to overcome the complexity of the plant cell walls and that cooperate with glycoside hydrolases in plant polysaccharide degradation. This article concentrates on enzymes deacetylating plant hemicelluloses excluding pectin. They are currently grouped in at least 8 families, specifically in CE families 1-7 and 16, originally assigned as acetylxylan esterases, the enzymes acting on hardwood acetyl glucuronoxylan and its fragments generated by endo-β-1,4-xylanases. There are esterases deacetylating softwood galactoglucomannan, but they have not been classified yet. The enzymes present in CE families 1-7 differ in structure and substrate and positional specificity. There are families behaving as endo-type and exo-type deacetylates, i.e. esterases deacetylating internal sugar residues of partially acetylated polysaccharides and also esterases deacetylating non-reducing end sugar residues in oligosaccharides. With one exception, the enzymes of all mentioned CE families belong to serine type esterases. CE family 4 harbors enzymes that are metal-dependent aspartic esterases. Three-dimensional structures have been solved for members of the first seven CE families, however, there is still insufficient knowledge about their substrate specificity and real physiological role. Current knowledge on catalytic properties of the selected families of CEs is summarized in this review. Some of the families are emerging also as new biocatalysts for regioselective acylation and deacylation of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Biely
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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64
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Biomass Converting Enzymes as Industrial Biocatalysts for Fuels and Chemicals: Recent Developments. Catalysts 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/catal2020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Study of new feruloyl esterases to understand lipase evolution: the case of Bacillus flexus. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2012; 861:53-61. [PMID: 22426711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-600-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the crystal structure of the feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus niger (AnFaeA) was elucidated. This enzyme displays an α/β hydrolase fold and a catalytic triad similar to that found in fungal lipases (30-37% identity). Surprisingly, AnFaeA showed an overall fold similarity with the Rhizomucor miehei and other related fungal lipases. All these data strongly suggest that the ancestral function (lipase) had shifted, with molecular adaptation leading to a novel enzyme (type-A feruloyl esterase). The discovery of new feruloyl esterases could lead to get insight into the evolutionary pathways of these enzymes and into new possibilities of directed evolution of lipases. In this chapter, the production of Bacillus flexus NJY2 feruloyl esterases is described. Unlike the previously described feruloyl esterases, which mostly belong to eukaryotes (mainly fungus), this unique feruloyl esterases from a prokaryotic alkaliphile microorganism could be the starting point for new discoveries on lipase and feruloyl esterase evolutionary relationships.
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66
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Cheng F, Sheng J, Cai T, Jin J, Liu W, Lin Y, Du Y, Zhang M, Shen L. A protease-insensitive feruloyl esterase from China Holstein cow rumen metagenomic library: expression, characterization, and utilization in ferulic acid release from wheat straw. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2546-2553. [PMID: 22352374 DOI: 10.1021/jf204556u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A metagenomic library of China Holstein cow rumen microbes was constructed and screened for novel gene cluster. A novel feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene was identified with a length of 789 bp and encoded a protein displaying 56% identity to known esterase sequences. The gene was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the total molecular weight of the recombined protein was 32.4 kDa. The purified enzyme showed a broad specificity against the four methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and high activity (259.5 U/mg) to methyl ferulate at optimum conditions (pH 8.0, 40 °C). High thermal and pH stability were also observed. Moreover, the enzyme showed broad resistance to proteases. FAE-SH1 can enhance the release of ferulic acid from wheat straw with cellulase, β-1,4-endoxylanase, β-1,3-glucanase, and pectase. These features suggest FAE-SH1 as a good candidate to enhance biomass degradation and improve the health effects of food and forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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67
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Xiao Z, Bergeron H, Lau PCK. Alternaria alternata as a new fungal enzyme system for the release of phenolic acids from wheat and triticale brans. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 101:837-44. [PMID: 22287032 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the release of antioxidant ferulic acid from wheat and triticale brans by mixtures of extracellular enzymes produced in culture by a strain FC007 of Alternaria alternata, a dark mold originally isolated from Canadian wood log. The genus of the mold was confirmed as Alternaria by 18S ribosomal DNA characterization. Enzyme activities for feruloyl esterase (FAE) and polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes were measured, and conditions for release of ferulic acid and reducing sugars from the mentioned brans were evaluated. The highest level of FAE activity (89 ± 7 mU ml(-1) fermentation culture) was obtained on the fifth day of fermentation on wheat bran as growth substrate. Depending on biomass and processing condition, up to 91.2 or 72.3% of the ferulic acid was released from wheat bran and triticale bran, respectively, indicating the proficiency of A. alternata extracellular enzymes in plant cell wall deconstruction. The apparent high extraction of ferulic acid from wheat and triticale brans represents a potential advantage of using a whole fungal cell enzyme complement over yields reported previously through an artificial assembly of cloned FAE with a particular xylanase in a cocktail format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhuang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Hélène Bergeron
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Peter C K Lau
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.
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68
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Rashamuse K, Sanyika W, Ronneburg T, Brady D. A feruloyl esterase derived from a leachate metagenome library. BMB Rep 2012; 45:14-9. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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69
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Proteomics shows new faces for the old penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:105109. [PMID: 22318718 PMCID: PMC3270403 DOI: 10.1155/2012/105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi comprise a vast group of microorganisms including the Ascomycota (majority of all described fungi), the Basidiomycota (mushrooms or higher fungi), and the Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota (basal or lower fungi) that produce industrially interesting secondary metabolites, such as β-lactam antibiotics. These compounds are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs world-wide. Since Fleming's initial discovery of Penicillium notatum 80 years ago, the role of Penicillium as an antimicrobial source became patent. After the isolation of Penicillium chrysogenum NRRL 1951 six decades ago, classical mutagenesis and screening programs led to the development of industrial strains with increased productivity (at least three orders of magnitude). The new “omics” era has provided the key to understand the underlying mechanisms of the industrial strain improvement process. The review of different proteomics methods applied to P. chrysogenum has revealed that industrial modification of this microorganism was a consequence of a careful rebalancing of several metabolic pathways. In addition, the secretome analysis of P. chrysogenum has opened the door to new industrial applications for this versatile filamentous fungus.
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70
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Kühnel S, Pouvreau L, Appeldoorn M, Hinz S, Schols H, Gruppen H. The ferulic acid esterases of Chrysosporium lucknowense C1: Purification, characterization and their potential application in biorefinery. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Topakas E, Moukouli M, Dimarogona M, Christakopoulos P. Expression, characterization and structural modelling of a feruloyl esterase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:399-411. [PMID: 22012339 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (synonym Sporotrichum thermophile), belonging to the carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE-1), was functionally expressed in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The putative FAE from the genomic DNA was successfully cloned in P. pastoris X-33 to confirm that the enzyme exhibits FAE activity. The recombinant FAE was purified to its homogeneity (39 kDa) and subsequently characterized using a series of model substrates including methyl esters of hydroxycinnamates, alkyl ferulates and monoferuloylated 4-nitrophenyl glycosides. The substrate specificity profiling reveals that the enzyme shows a preference for the hydrolysis of methyl caffeate and p-coumarate and a strong preference for the hydrolysis of n-butyl and iso-butyl ferulate. The enzyme was active on substrates containing ferulic acid ester linked to the C-5 and C-2 linkages of arabinofuranose, whilst it was found capable of de-esterifying acetylated glucuronoxylans. Ferulic acid (FA) was efficiently released from destarched wheat bran when the esterase was incubated together with an M3 xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (a maximum of 41% total FA released after 1 h incubation). Prediction of the secondary structure of MtFae1a was performed in the PSIPRED server whilst modelling the 3D structure was accomplished by the use of the HH 3D structure prediction server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Topakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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72
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Wu M, Abokitse K, Grosse S, Leisch H, Lau PCK. New Feruloyl Esterases to Access Phenolic Acids from Grass Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 168:129-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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73
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Huang YC, Chen YF, Chen CY, Chen WL, Ciou YP, Liu WH, Yang CH. Production of ferulic acid from lignocellulolytic agricultural biomass by Thermobifida fusca thermostable esterase produced in Yarrowia lipolytica transformant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8117-8122. [PMID: 21683590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A gene (axe) encoding the AXE thermostable esterase in Thermobifida fusca NTU22 was cloned into a Yarrowia lipolytica P01g host strain. Recombinant expression resulted in extracellular esterase production at levels as high as 70.94 U/ml in Hinton flask culture broth, approximately 140 times higher than observed in a Pichia pastoris expression system. After 72 h of fermentation by the Y. lipolytica transformant in the fed-batch fermentor, the fermentation broth accumulated 41.11 U/ml esterase activity. Rice bran, wheat bran, bagasse and corncob were used as hydrolysis substrates for the esterase, with corncob giving the best ferulic acid yield. The corncob was incubated with T. fusca xylanase (Tfx) for 12h and then with the AXE esterase for an additional 12h. Ferulic acid accumulated to 396 μM in the culture broth, a higher concentration than with esterase alone or with Tfx and esterase together for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
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74
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Fungal enzyme sets for plant polysaccharide degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1477-92. [PMID: 21785931 PMCID: PMC3160556 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of plant polysaccharides has many industrial applications, such as within the paper, food, and feed industry and for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins are the main components of plant cell wall polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are often tightly packed, contain many different sugar residues, and are branched with a diversity of structures. To enable efficient degradation of these polysaccharides, fungi produce an extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes. The variety of the enzyme set differs between fungi and often corresponds to the requirements of its habitat. Carbohydrate-active enzymes can be organized in different families based on the amino acid sequence of the structurally related catalytic modules. Fungal enzymes involved in plant polysaccharide degradation are assigned to at least 35 glycoside hydrolase families, three carbohydrate esterase families and six polysaccharide lyase families. This mini-review will discuss the enzymes needed for complete degradation of plant polysaccharides and will give an overview of the latest developments concerning fungal carbohydrate-active enzymes and their corresponding families.
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75
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Purification and characterisation of an alkaliphilic esterase from a culinary medicinal mushroom, Sparassis crispa. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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76
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A thermostable feruloyl-esterase from the hemicellulolytic bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus releases phenolic acids from non-pretreated plant cell walls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:541-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Zhang SB, Wu ZL. Identification of amino acid residues responsible for increased thermostability of feruloyl esterase A from Aspergillus niger using the PoPMuSiC algorithm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2093-2096. [PMID: 20801026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases are key enzymes involved in the complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose. In order to improve the thermostability of feruloyl esterase A (FaeA) from Aspergillus niger CIB 423.1, the PoPMuSiC algorithm was applied to predict the folding free energy change (ΔΔG) of amino acid substitutions. Four amino acid substitutions (S92A, D93G, D174A and S187F) were introduced into the enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis and the enzymes were produced in Pichia pastoris KM71. No obvious changes in thermal stability resulted from substitutions S92A and D174A, but, compared to the wild-type enzyme which has a half-life of inactivation of 8 min, the half-lives of enzymes with a D93G or S187F substitution increased to 9.4 and 60.5 min, respectively. The double mutant D93G/S187F displayed a synergistic effect with a t1/2 value of 77.0 min. It also displayed over 10-fold increase in catalytic turnover frequency. The result will benefit further investigation of the thermostability of feruloyl esterase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Bing Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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78
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The interplay of descriptor-based computational analysis with pharmacophore modeling builds the basis for a novel classification scheme for feruloyl esterases. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:94-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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79
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McClendon SD, Shin HD, Chen RR. Novel bacterial ferulic acid esterase from Cellvibrio japonicus and its application in ferulic acid release and xylan hydrolysis. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:47-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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80
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Mastihubová M, Biely P. Preparation of regioselectively feruloylated p-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranosides and β-d-xylopyranosides—convenient substrates for study of feruloyl esterase specificity. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1094-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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81
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Fazary AE, Hamad HA, Lee JC, Koskei T, Lee CK, Ju YH. Expression of feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus awamori in Escherichia coli: Characterization and crystal studies of the recombinant enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:440-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Thermostable feruloyl esterase for the bioproduction of ferulic acid from triticale bran. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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