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Lines JL, Sempere LF, Broughton T, Wang L, Noelle R. VISTA is a novel broad-spectrum negative checkpoint regulator for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:510-7. [PMID: 24894088 PMCID: PMC4085258 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, the field of cancer immunotherapy has made great progress and is finally starting to change the way cancer is treated. We are now learning that multiple negative checkpoint regulators (NCR) restrict the ability of T-cell responses to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes through antibody blockade, first with anti-CTLA4 and now followed by anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1, has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. More recently, a new NCR has surfaced called V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA). This NCR is predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells, and in multiple murine cancer models is found at particularly high levels on myeloid cells that infiltrated the tumors. Preclinical studies with VISTA blockade have shown promising improvement in antitumor T-cell responses, leading to impeded tumor growth and improved survival. Clinical trials support combined anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 as safe and effective against late-stage melanoma. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target the multiple cell types and stages at which NCRs, including VISTA, act during adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louise Lines
- Authors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Authors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas Broughton
- Authors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Li Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Randolph Noelle
- Authors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Council Centre of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital; Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinAuthors' Affiliations: Medical Research Coun
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Quandt D, Jasinski-Bergner S, Müller U, Schulze B, Seliger B. Synergistic effects of IL-4 and TNFα on the induction of B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma cells inhibiting allogeneic T cell proliferation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:151. [PMID: 24885059 PMCID: PMC4079621 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of B7-H molecules for the T cell/tumor communication and its impact on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression and prognosis has been recently described. Cytokine treatment of RCC has earlier been shown to be beneficial in preclinical settings, but its clinical implementation has not proven to be as effective. This might be partially explained by the yet incomplete picture of cellular alterations in tumor cells upon cytokine treatment investigated in detail in this study. Methods RCC tumor cell lines were treated with different cytokines alone or in combination. The constitutive and/or cytokine-induced expression of cytokine receptors signaling components and B7-H molecules in RCC cells were analysed by qPCR and flow cytometry. A mcherry reporter gene construct containing B7-H1 promoter was cloned and its activity was determined upon transfection in cytokine-stimulated cells. Cytokine pretreated tumor cells were co-cultured with allogeneic CD8+ T cells from healthy donors and T cell proliferation as well as cytokine secretion was determined. Results A heterogeneous, but constitutive B7-H1,-H2,-H3 and H4 expression was found on human RCC cell lines. IL-4 and TNFα treatment led to strong synergistic induction of B7-H1 in RCC cells, whereas B7-H2 was only increased by TNFα. In contrast, B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression were not altered by these cytokines. Treatment of RCC cells with TNFα and IL-4 was accompanied by an activation of signaling molecules like NF-κB, IκB and STAT6. The cytokine-mediated up-regulation of B7-H1 was due to transcriptional control as determined by an increased B7-H1 promoter activity in the presence of IL-4 and TNFα. Despite HLA class I and LFA-1 were also increased, the cytokine-mediated up-regulation of B7-H1 was more pronounced and caused an inhibition of allospecifc CD8+ T cell proliferation. Conclusion Thus, IL-4 and TNFα, which could be released by immune cells of the tumor microenvironment, are able to control the B7-H1 expression in RCC thereby altering T cell responses. These data are of importance for understanding the complex interplay of tumor cells with immune cells orchestrated by a number of different soluble and membrane bound mediators and for the implementation of check point antibodies directed against B7-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str, 2, Halle 06112, Germany.
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Chen XJ, Shen J, Zhang GB, Chen WC. B7-H6 protein expression has no prognostic significance in human gastric carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:203-7. [PMID: 24242703 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B7-H6, a novel member of the B7 family which binds to NKp30 to trigger antitumor NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Recently, B7-H family has been reported to be a negative regulator of the immune response in patients with gastric carcinoma. However, no reports have investigated the clinical significance of B7-H6 expression in human gastric cancer. We present the first study to the clinicopathological and prognostic value of B7-H6 in primary gastric tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissues at the protein level. Here we show that B7-H6 immunoreactivity was expressed in 6/60 (10%) gastric tumors and 8/43 (18.60%) adjacent non-tumor tissues. No statistical difference was found between B7-H6 expression and various prognostic factors; however, B7-H6-positive carcinomas were significantly associated with a higher differentiation (p = 0.047). The survival analysis did not confirm the prognostic significance of B7-H6 expression in gastric cancer patients. Our data suggest that B7-H6, as detected by immunohistochemistry, is of limited value as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Expression of co-stimulatory molecule B7-H4 in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2013; 154:25-30. [PMID: 23973734 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
B7-H4, an inhibitory modulator of T-cell response, is one of the most recently identified cell surface molecules in the B7-CD28 signaling pathway. However, its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. In the present study, the immunofluorescence staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry techniques were used to characterize B7-H4 protein expression in RA synovium tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets, respectively. Our data showed that the immunolocalization of B7-H4 could be found on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of synoviocytes and CD19(+) B cells in rheumatoid synovium tissues, while B7-H4 was weakly or negatively expressed on CD3(+) T cells, CD14(+) monocytes and CD68(+) macrophages. Moreover, B7-H4 expression was observed in CD34(+) endothelial cells of neovessels in rheumatoid synovium. Flow cytometric analysis also showed that positive B7-H4 expression was found in CD19(+) B cells and CD14(+) monocytes, but not in CD3(+) T cells. Thus, our work identified the expression pattern of B7-H4 in the synovium tissues and PBMC subsets from RA patients, suggesting that B7-H4 involves in the pathological changes of rheumatoid synovium in RA progression, and its detailed biological function needs further investigations.
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Li H, Zhou X, Ran Q, Wang L. Parapharyngeal liposarcoma: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:42. [PMID: 23497351 PMCID: PMC3599591 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parapharyngeal liposarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor that often causes nonspecific clinical symptoms, such as progressive dysphagia, globus sensation and/or respiratory disturbances. The combination of radiological imaging techniques and histopathological analysis provides information for diagnosis; however, the pathogenesis is still uncertain. Case presentation A 30-year-old male patient presented with a pharyngeal cavity mass, which had been present for 2 years. The clinical syndrome included obstructive sleep apnea symptoms (i.e., respiratory disturbances, excessive daytime somnolence, and headache) and difficulty swallowing. The radiological examination (CT) demonstrated that there was a low-density irregular solid lesion on the posterior wall of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, which descended to the superior mediastinum and extended to the left parapharyngeal space and sternocleidomastoid muscle. The boundaries of the lesion were clear, and the lesion’s density was nonuniform. Several septations inside the lesion were observed. The CT values of the lesion at the epiglottis and the vocal folds were 11 HU and minus 30 HU, respectively. After enhanced scanning, there was no apparent enhancement of the lesion: the surrounding tissue and blood vessels were squeezed and shifted, but the neighboring sclerotin of the cervical vertebrae was not invaded. The mass was removed via a transcervical approach, resulting in a complete amelioration of the patient’s symptoms. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells expressed members of the B7 superfamily, including B7-H1, B7-DC and B7-H3. In addition, the expression of TIM-containing molecules, including TIM-3 and TIM-4, was observed. Conclusions CT and MRI demonstrated that the mass was a parapharyngeal liposarcoma. Furthermore, carcinoma-associated B7 and TIM-containing molecules were observed in the tissue, indicating that these molecules are most likely active in the pathogenesis of this disease. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1907794973876202
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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