51
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Müller D, Kuiper H, Mömke S, Böneker C, Drögemüller C, Chowdhary BP, Distl O. Assignment of the COMP gene to equine chromosome 21q12-q14 by FISH and confirmation by RH mapping. Anim Genet 2005; 36:277-9. [PMID: 15932424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Müller
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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52
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Milenkovic D, Mariat D, Swinburne J, Chadi-Taourit S, Binns M, Guérin G. Characterization and localization of 17 microsatellites derived from BACs in the horse. Anim Genet 2005; 36:164-6. [PMID: 15771732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Milenkovic
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Jouy, Laboratoire de Génétique biochimique et de Cytogénétique, Département de Génétique animale, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
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53
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Momozawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Tozaki T, Kikusui T, Hasegawa T, Raudsepp T, Chowdhary BP, Kusunose R, Mori Y. Sequence, detection of polymorphisms and radiation hybrid mapping of the equine catechol-o-methyltransferase gene. Anim Genet 2005; 36:190. [PMID: 15771748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Momozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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54
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Sazanov AA, Romanov MN, Smirnov AF. Libraries of Large-Insert Genomic Clones as a Tool for Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Avian Genome. RUSS J GENET+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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55
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Ahrens E, Stranzinger G. Comparative chromosomal studies of E. caballus (ECA) and E. przewalskii (EPR) in a female F1 hybrid. J Anim Breed Genet 2005; 122 Suppl 1:97-102. [PMID: 16130463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2005.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research revealed that the karyotypes of Equus przewalskii (2n = 66) and Equus caballus (2n = 64) differ by one pair of metacentric chromosomes, present in ECA but not in EPR, and two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes found only in the EPR karyotype. The formation of a trivalent during meiosis in a male F1 hybrid and the homologies in G-banding patterns suggest that ECA 5 corresponds to two acrocentric EPR chromosomes resulting from a Robertsonian fusion or fission event. Chromosomal investigations of a female interspecies F1 hybrid including banded karyograms and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies focusing on the p and q arm of ECA 5 were conducted. Q- and G-banding patterns of E. caballus, E. przewalskii and the hybrid revealed interspecies homology between all chromosome pairs except for ECA 5, EPR 23 and EPR 24, which were unique for that particular species. Furthermore, they indicated homology between ECA 5p and EPR 23 as well as between ECA 5q and EPR 24. FISH revealed hybridization of the BACs laminin beta 3 (LAM B3) and laminin gamma 2 (LAM C2) to ECA 5p and EPR 23. However, nuclear factor I (NFIA) and immunoglobulin lambda (IGL@), primarily assigned to ECA 5q, mapped to ECA 7 and EPR 6 respectively. Thus the karyotypes of E. caballus and E. przewalskii differ solely by one Robertsonian translocation (ECA 5 =EPR 23 + EPR 24).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ahrens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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56
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Rambags BPB, Krijtenburg PJ, Drie HFV, Lazzari G, Galli C, Pearson PL, Colenbrander B, Stout TAE. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities in equine embryos produced in vivo and in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 72:77-87. [PMID: 15948165 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations are often listed as a significant cause of early embryonic death in the mare, despite the absence of any concrete evidence for their involvement. The current study aimed to validate fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to label specific equine chromosomes (ECA2 and ECA4) in interphase nuclei and thereby determine whether numerical chromosome abnormalities occur in horse embryos produced either in vivo (n = 22) or in vitro (IVP: n = 20). Overall, 75% of 36,720 and 88% of 2,978 nuclei in the in vivo developed and IVP embryos were analyzable. Using a scoring system in which extra FISH signals were taken to indicate increases in ploidy and "missing" signals were assumed to be "false negatives," 98% of the cells were scored as diploid and the majority of embryos (30/42: 71%) were classified as exclusively diploid. However, one IVP embryo was recorded as entirely triploid and a further seven IVP and four in vivo embryos were classified as mosaics containing diploid and polyploid cells, such that the incidence of apparently mixoploid embryos tended to be higher for IVP than in vivo embryos (P = 0.118). When the number of FISH signals per nucleus was examined in more detail for 11 of the embryos, the classification as diploid or polyploid was largely supported because 2,174 of 2,274 nuclei (95.6%) contained equal numbers of signals for the two chromosomes. However, the remaining 100 cells (4.4%) had an uneven number of chromosomes and, while it is probable that many were artefacts of the FISH procedure, it is also likely that a proportion were the result of other types of aneuploidy (e.g., trisomy, monosomy, or nullisomy). These results demonstrate that chromosomally abnormal cells are present in morphologically normal equine conceptuses and suggest that IVP may increase their likelihood. Definitive distinction between polyploidy, aneuploidy and FISH artefacts would require the use of more than one probe per chromosome and/or probes for more than two chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P B Rambags
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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57
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Mau C, Poncet PA, Bucher B, Stranzinger G, Rieder S. Genetic mapping of dominant white (W), a homozygous lethal condition in the horse (Equus caballus). J Anim Breed Genet 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Lee EJ, Raudsepp T, Kata SR, Adelson D, Womack JE, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP. A 1.4-Mb interval RH map of horse chromosome 17 provides detailed comparison with human and mouse homologues. Genomics 2004; 83:203-15. [PMID: 14706449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomics has served as a backbone for the rapid development of gene maps in domesticated animals. The integration of this approach with radiation hybrid (RH) analysis provides one of the most direct ways to obtain physically ordered comparative maps across evolutionarily diverged species. We herein report the development of a detailed RH and comparative map for horse chromosome 17 (ECA17). With markers distributed at an average interval of every 1.4 Mb, the map is currently the most informative among the equine chromosomes. It comprises 75 markers (56 genes and 19 microsatellites), of which 50 gene specific and 5 microsatellite markers were generated in this study and typed to our 5000-rad horse x hamster whole genome RH panel. The markers are dispersed over six RH linkage groups and span 825 cR(5000). The map is among the most comprehensive whole chromosome comparative maps currently available for domesticated animals. It finely aligns ECA17 to human and mouse homologues (HSA13 and MMU1, 3, 5, 8, and 14, respectively) and homologues in other domesticated animals. Comparisons provide insight into their relative organization and help to identify evolutionarily conserved segments. The new ECA17 map will serve as a template for the development of clusters of BAC contigs in regions containing genes of interest. Sequencing of these regions will help to initiate studies aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms for various diseases and inherited disorders in horse as well as human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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59
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Horín P, Smola J, Matiasovic J, Vyskocil M, Lukeszová L, Tomanová K, Králík P, Glasnák V, Schröffelová D, Knoll A, Sedlinská M, Krenková L, Jahn P. Polymorphisms in equine immune response genes and their associations with infections. Mamm Genome 2004; 15:843-50. [PMID: 15520887 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-2356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic markers identified in the horse genes encoding the interleukin 12 p40 subunit, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were identified and tested, along with additional markers, for associations with two important horse infections: Rhodococcus equi and Lawsonia intracellularis. Eight immune response-related and 14 microsatellite loci covering 12 out of 31 equine autosomes were used for the association analysis. Markers located on horse Chromosomes Eca10 and 15 were significantly associated with the presence of high numbers of R. equi in transtracheal aspirates. Significant associations of markers located on Eca9, 15, and 21 with fecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis were found. Marginal associations with tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and other genes suggested that variations in immune response-related genes could underlie the phenotypic variation observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Horín
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Genetics, Palackého 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
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60
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Raudsepp T, Santani A, Wallner B, Kata SR, Ren C, Zhang HB, Womack JE, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP. A detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:9321-6. [PMID: 15197257 PMCID: PMC438975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403011101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a detailed physical map of the horse Y chromosome. The euchromatic region of the chromosome comprises approximately 15 megabases (Mb) of the total 45- to 50-Mb size and lies in the distal one-third of the long arm, where the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is located terminally. The rest of the chromosome is predominantly heterochromatic. Because of the unusual organization of the chromosome (common to all mammalian Y chromosomes), a number of approaches were used to crossvalidate the results. Analysis of the 5,000-rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid panel produced a map spanning 88 centirays with 8 genes and 15 sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. The map was verified by several fluorescence in situ hybridization approaches. Isolation of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for the radiation hybrid-mapped markers, end sequencing of the BACs, STS development, and bidirectional chromosome walking yielded 109 markers (100 STS and 9 genes) contained in 73 BACs. STS content mapping grouped the BACs into seven physically ordered contigs (of which one is predominantly ampliconic) that were verified by metaphase-, interphase-, and fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization and also BAC fingerprinting. The map spans almost the entire euchromatic region of the chromosome, of which 20-25% (approximately 4 Mb) is covered by isolated BACs. The map is presently the most informative among Y chromosome maps in domesticated species, third only to the human and mouse maps. The foundation laid through the map will be critical in obtaining complete sequence of the euchromatic region of the horse Y chromosome, with an aim to identify Y specific factors governing male infertility and phenotypic sex variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
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61
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Raudsepp T, Lee EJ, Kata SR, Brinkmeyer C, Mickelson JR, Skow LC, Womack JE, Chowdhary BP. Exceptional conservation of horse-human gene order on X chromosome revealed by high-resolution radiation hybrid mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:2386-91. [PMID: 14983019 PMCID: PMC356960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308513100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a dense map of the horse genome is key to efforts aimed at identifying genes controlling health, reproduction, and performance. We herein report a high-resolution gene map of the horse (Equus caballus) X chromosome (ECAX) generated by developing and typing 116 gene-specific and 12 short tandem repeat markers on the 5,000-rad horse x hamster whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and mapping 29 gene loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The human X chromosome sequence was used as a template to select genes at 1-Mb intervals to develop equine orthologs. Coupled with our previous data, the new map comprises a total of 175 markers (139 genes and 36 short tandem repeats, of which 53 are fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped) distributed on average at approximately 880-kb intervals along the chromosome. This is the densest and most uniformly distributed chromosomal map presently available in any mammalian species other than humans and rodents. Comparison of the horse and human X chromosome maps shows remarkable conservation of gene order along the entire span of the chromosomes, including the location of the centromere. An overview of the status of the horse map in relation to mouse, livestock, and companion animal species is also provided. The map will be instrumental for analysis of X linked health and fertility traits in horses by facilitating identification of targeted chromosomal regions for isolation of polymorphic markers, building bacterial artificial chromosome contigs, or sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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62
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Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T, Kata SR, Goh G, Millon LV, Allan V, Piumi F, Guérin G, Swinburne J, Binns M, Lear TL, Mickelson J, Murray J, Antczak DF, Womack JE, Skow LC. The first-generation whole-genome radiation hybrid map in the horse identifies conserved segments in human and mouse genomes. Genome Res 2003; 13:742-51. [PMID: 12671008 PMCID: PMC430160 DOI: 10.1101/gr.917503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A first-generation radiation hybrid (RH) map of the equine (Equus caballus) genome was assembled using 92 horse x hamster hybrid cell lines and 730 equine markers. The map is the first comprehensive framework map of the horse that (1) incorporates type I as well as type II markers, (2) integrates synteny, cytogenetic, and meiotic maps into a consensus map, and (3) provides the most detailed genome-wide information to date on the organization and comparative status of the equine genome. The 730 loci (258 type I and 472 type II) included in the final map are clustered in 101 RH groups distributed over all equine autosomes and the X chromosome. The overall marker retention frequency in the panel is approximately 21%, and the possibility of adding any new marker to the map is approximately 90%. On average, the mapped markers are distributed every 19 cR (4 Mb) of the equine genome--a significant improvement in resolution over previous maps. With 69 new FISH assignments, a total of 253 cytogenetically mapped loci physically anchor the RH map to various chromosomal segments. Synteny assignments of 39 gene loci complemented the RH mapping of 27 genes. The results added 12 new loci to the horse gene map. Lastly, comparison of the assembly of 447 equine genes (256 linearly ordered RH-mapped and additional 191 FISH-mapped) with the location of draft sequences of their human and mouse orthologs provides the most extensive horse-human and horse-mouse comparative map to date. We expect that the foundation established through this map will significantly facilitate rapid targeted expansion of the horse gene map and consequently, mapping and positional cloning of genes governing traits significant to the equine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P Chowdhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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63
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Murray JD. Horse genomics and reproduction. Theriogenology 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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