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Janeway KA, Barkauskas DA, Krailo MD, Meyers PA, Schwartz CL, Ebb DH, Seibel NL, Grier HE, Gorlick R, Marina N. Outcome for adolescent and young adult patients with osteosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2012; 118:4597-605. [PMID: 22252521 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting data regarding age as a prognostic factor in osteosarcoma. The authors conducted a study evaluating the impact of age on prognosis in children and young adults with osteosarcoma enrolled on North American cooperative group trials. METHODS Patients with high-grade osteosarcoma of any site enrolled on North American cooperative group trials CCG-7943, POG-9754, INT-0133, and AOST0121 were included in this study. Primary tumor site, age, sex, ethnicity, histologic response, and presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis were evaluated for their impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS A total of 1054 patients were eligible and had complete data available for the study. Age was not significantly associated with any other presenting covariate analyzed except sex. Age 18 or older was associated with a statistically significant poorer EFS (P = .019) and OS (P = .043). The 10-year EFS and OS in patients <10, 10 to 17, and ≥18 years old were 55%, 55%, 37% and 68%, 60%, 41%, respectively. The poorer EFS in patients ≥18 years old was because of an increased rate of relapse. Presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis, poor histologic response, and pelvic tumor site were also associated with a poorer prognosis. In multivariate analysis, age continued to be associated with poorer EFS (P = .019) and OS (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS In osteosarcoma, age 18 to 30 years is associated with a statistically significant poorer outcome because of an increased rate of relapse. Poorer outcome in adolescent and young adult patients is not explained by tumor location, histologic response, or metastatic disease at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hagleitner MM, Hoogerbrugge PM, van der Graaf WTA, Flucke U, Schreuder HWB, te Loo DMWM. Age as prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma. Bone 2011; 49:1173-7. [PMID: 21893224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Age at diagnosis is a well known prognostic factor in many different malignancies; its significance for patients with osteosarcoma is however controversial. To gain more insight in the prognostic role of age, we performed a retrospective study at our institute. We included 102 patients with de-novo osteosarcoma and formed three age groups to evaluate age specific survival rates: ≤ 14 years, 15-19 years and 20-40 years. Differences in outcome between patients aged 15-19 years treated at either the pediatric department or the adult department of oncology were evaluated. The 5-year overall survival rate (OSR) of the whole population was 53.5%±1.5%. OSR of 70.6%±0.8% was seen in patients ≤ 14 years old, 52.5%±1.1% in patients 15-19 years old and 33.3%±0.9% in the patients aged 20-40 years (p=0.01). Significant differences were observed with regard to stage at presentation (higher in older age groups), size of the tumor (larger in younger age groups) and histological response (more good responders in younger age groups). No significant difference was seen between outcomes of patients aged 15-19 years treated at the pediatric or adult oncology department. In conclusion, younger patients have a significantly better outcome than older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Hagleitner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hegyi M, Semsei AF, Jakab Z, Antal I, Kiss J, Szendroi M, Csoka M, Kovacs G. Good prognosis of localized osteosarcoma in young patients treated with limb-salvage surgery and chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:415-22. [PMID: 21563300 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this report was to estimate long-term outcome and prognostic factors in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma. A large group of osteosarcoma patients were analyzed at our national oncology center. PROCEDURE To evaluate the efficacy of surgery and multiagent chemotherapy for treating osteosarcoma, we reviewed 122 cases (65 male, 57 female, mean age 13.8 ± 3.6 years) treated at the Second Department of Pediatrics in Budapest between 1988 and 2006. Demographic parameters, tumor-related and treatment-related variables, response, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were analyzed. RESULTS The 5-year OS was 68% and 5-year EFS was 62%. OS of patients without metastasis was 79%, while OS with early metastasis was 17%. Survival of patients with amputation (n = 30) was not significantly different from patients with limb-salvage surgery (n = 82), but all patients without radical surgery died. Gender and histological classification had no prognostic significance. Patients with localized tumors in extremities had increased survival compared to patients with axial skeleton tumors (P = 0.013). Poor histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (rate of survivor tumor cells >10%) was associated with decreased survival (P = 0.018). Patients under 14 years had better EFS than patients over 14 years (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that younger patients with localized osteosarcoma of the extremities who receive limb-salvage surgery and chemotherapy have an excellent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hegyi
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hartmann JT, Lorch A. [Solid tumors in young patients]. ONKOLOGIE 2011; 34 Suppl 5:12-16. [PMID: 21921662 DOI: 10.1159/000329908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg T Hartmann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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Jeon DG, Song WS. How can survival be improved in localized osteosarcoma? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 10:1313-25. [PMID: 20735316 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous chemotherapy trials and the introduction of novel agents, survival in localized osteosarcoma, which plateaued in the mid-1980s, has been recalcitrant to our best efforts. The authors considered that a review of previous and current strategies that target survival might provide a direction for research efforts. Here, the focus is placed mainly on the reappraisal of previous mass chemotherapy trials and prognostic factors, in the hope of contriving a strategy to overcome the current stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Korea.
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Savage SA, Mirabello L. Using epidemiology and genomics to understand osteosarcoma etiology. Sarcoma 2011; 2011:548151. [PMID: 21437228 PMCID: PMC3061299 DOI: 10.1155/2011/548151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy that typically occurs during adolescence but also has a second incidence peak in the elderly. It occurs most commonly in the long bones, although there is variability in location between age groups. The etiology of osteosarcoma is not well understood; it occurs at increased rates in individuals with Paget disease of bone, after therapeutic radiation, and in certain cancer predisposition syndromes. It also occurs more commonly in taller individuals, but a strong environmental component to osteosarcoma risk has not been identified. Several studies suggest that osteosarcoma may be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes important in growth and tumor suppression but the studies are limited by sample size. Herein, we review the epidemiology of osteosarcoma as well as its known and suspected risk factors in an effort to gain insight into its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS/7018, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS/7018, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Li X, Ashana AO, Moretti VM, Lackman RD. The relation of tumour necrosis and survival in patients with osteosarcoma. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2011; 35:1847-53. [PMID: 21359502 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether tumour necrosis was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of osteosarcoma patients treated in our institution. METHODS We retrospectively studied the predictive value of percentage of necrosis in 40 cases of IIB osteosarcoma treated from 1999 to 2008 in our institution. Patient and treatment factors such as age, gender, tumour site, surgery type, pathological type, tumour size, margin status, percentage of tumour necrosis, chemotherapy regimens and cycles were recorded. The average follow-up was 85.9 months (range, 25-135 months). RESULTS Two patients had local recurrence (LR) alone, five patients had both LR and metastasis, 14 patients had metastasis alone. Twenty-four patients were alive and 16 had died. The five-year DFS and OS were 47.8% and 65.9%, respectively. Tumour necrosis grouped by 90% was not associated with DFS and OS. Patients with greater than 70% necrosis rate had a significantly higher DFS than those with less than 70%. CONCLUSION We found no survival advantage at 90% tumour necrosis in our study. Further study with more patients should be performed to evaluate the predictive value of necrosis rate at the cutoff of 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Eyre R, Feltbower RG, James PW, Blakey K, Mubwandarikwa E, Forman D, McKinney PA, Pearce MS, McNally RJQ. The epidemiology of bone cancer in 0 - 39 year olds in northern England, 1981 - 2002. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:357. [PMID: 20604931 PMCID: PMC2910692 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of recent epidemiological data on bone cancers. The aim of this study was to describe incidence and survival patterns for bone cancers diagnosed during 1981 - 2002. METHODS Cases aged 0 - 39 years (236 osteosarcomas, 166 Ewing sarcomas and 73 chondrosarcomas) were analysed using Poisson and Cox regressions. RESULTS Incidence rates (per million persons per year) for osteosarcoma were 2.5 at age 0 - 14 years; 4.5 at age 15 - 29 years and 1.0 at age 30 - 39 years. Similarly, for Ewing sarcoma the incidence rates were 2.2; 2.9; 0.4 and for chondrosarcoma rates were 0.1; 1.2; 1.8 respectively. Incidence of osteosarcoma increased at an average annual rate of 2.5% (95% CI 0.4 - 4.7; P = 0.02), but there was no change in incidence of Ewing sarcoma or chondrosarcoma. There was a marginally statistically significant improvement in survival for Ewing sarcoma (hazard ratio (HR) per annum = 0.97; 95% CI 0.94 - 1.00; P = 0.06), although patients aged 15 - 39 years (n = 93) had worse overall survival than those aged 0 - 14 (n = 73; HR = 1.46; 95% CI 0.98 - 2.17; P = 0.06). There was no significant improvement in osteosarcoma survival (HR per annum = 0.98; 95% CI 0.95 - 1.01; P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Reasons for poorer survival in Ewing sarcoma patients aged 15 - 39 years and failure to significantly improve survival for osteosarcoma patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Eyre
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - Richard G Feltbower
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - Peter W James
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - Karen Blakey
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - Emmanuel Mubwandarikwa
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - David Forman
- Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry and Information Service, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, England, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health & Therapeutics, Arthington House, Hospital Lane, Leeds LS16 6QB, England, UK
- Cancer Information Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, cours Albert Thomas, F-69372, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - Patricia A McKinney
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
| | - Richard JQ McNally
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England, UK
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