Effect of laser on pain relief and wound healing of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review

The Antimicrobial Peptide Nal-P-113 Exerts a Reparative Effect by Promoting Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Cell Cycle Progression

Objective

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the reparative efficacy of a novel antimicrobial peptide, Nal-P-113, in shortening the healing time of oral mucosal ulcers by promoting cell proliferation and migration and accelerating the cell cycle.

Methods

Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs). The cell cycle distribution of HIOECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the RNA levels of EGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β1 of HIOECs were assessed by real-time PCR. Rats were divided into three groups randomly: (a) blank control group; (b) 20 μg/mL Nal-P-113; and (c) 10 ng/mL rhEGF. An oral mucosal ulcer was induced in every rat by the application of 30% acetic acid. An immunohistochemical assay was used to assess the expression of EGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β1 in the rat oral mucosa.

Results

In the CCK-8 assay, the optical density values in the Nal-P-113 and rhEGF groups were found to be significantly higher than that in the blank control group. In addition, the scratch areas in the Nal-P-113 and rhEGF groups were found to be significantly smaller (P<0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that Nal-P-113 accelerated the entry of HIOECs into the S phase and expedited their cell cycles. The RT-PCR results suggested that Nal-P-113 upregulated the RNA levels of EGF and FGF-2 but downregulated that of TGF-β1 at 24 h and 48 h. Lastly, the immunohistochemical assay verified that Nal-P-113 changed the expression of the above cytokines in rat mucosal ulcers.

Conclusion

Nal-P-113 promoted the repair of oral mucosal ulcers by increasing the EGF and FGF-2 expression and decreasing that of TGF-β1 in HIOECs, accelerating their proliferation and cell cycle progression. The application of Nal-P-113 might serve as an effective therapeutic approach for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 27. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: A double-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this 2-arm-parallel split-mouth trial was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).

METHODS

Twenty patients were included in this study, with 1 side randomly assigned to receive LLLT, and the other side served as a sham. Eligibility criteria included need for bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions as part of fixed appliance treatment. OIIRR was generated by applying 150 g of buccal tipping force on the maxillary first premolars for 4 weeks. After the active force was removed, the teeth were retained for 6 weeks. LLLT commenced with weekly laser applications using a continuous beam 660-nm, 75-mW aluminum-gallium-indium-phosphorus laser with 1/e² spot size of 0.260 cm², power density of 0.245 W/cm², and fluence of 3.6 J/cm². Contact application was used at 8 points buccally and palatally above the mucosa over each tooth root for 15 seconds with a total treatment time of 2 minutes. After 6 weeks, the maxillary first premolars were extracted and scanned with microcomputed tomography for primary outcome OIIRR calculations. Subgroup analysis included assessment per root surface, per vertical third, and sites of heaviest compressive forces (buccal-cervical and palato-apical). Randomization was generated using www.randomization.com, and allocation was concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Blinding was used for treatment and outcome assessments. Two-tailed paired t tests were used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences in total crater volumes of the laser vs the sham treated teeth.

RESULTS

Total crater volumes were 0.746 mm³ for the laser treated teeth and 0.779 mm³ for the sham. There was a mean difference of 0.033 ± 0.39 mm³ (95% CI, -0.21 to 0.148 mm³) greater resorption crater volume in the sham group compared with the laser group; this was not statistically significant (P = 0.705). No harm was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

No significant difference was found between LLLT and sham control groups in OIIRR repair.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Laser Therapy and Fibroblastic Growth Factor Injection on Mucosal Wound Healing in Rat Experimental Model

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of laser and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) treatment on operative wound healing in a rat model. Methods: Sixty-six male Wistar rats were employed in this study. A 10-mm surgical wound was created on the buccal mucosa of each rat, under anesthesia, and then the rats were divided into 3 groups of 22: (1) GF group (received subcutaneous injection of bFGF), (2) laser group (treated with low-level laser irradiation), and (3) control group (received no treatment). On day 5, half of the rats in each group and on day 10 the other half, were sacrificed. Afterward, samples were taken from rats' buccal mucosa for histological assay and scoring. The data were analyzed using MannWhitney test (α =5%). Results: On day 5 there was not any significant difference between GF and control groups; however, the laser group showed clinically delayed wound coverage, compared to other groups (P<0.05). On day 10, histological examination demonstrated marked vascular granulation tissue ( GT) in GF group. Collagen production was significantly prominent in laser group compared to GF treated samples (P=0.004). Inflammation of GT in GF and laser groups was significantly less than that in control samples (P=0.005 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The components of wound matrix induced by GF and laser treatment were significantly different. Although bFGF or laser treatment of oral wounds, under the conditions of the present study, did not accelerate wound healing, they showed some other notable effects on the quality of healing.

Recurrent aphthous ulceration: a review of potential causes and novel treatments

Purpose of article: This review examines studies published between May 2012 and 2017 with a specific interest in potential recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) etiologies and treatment modalities/efficacy, including topical treatments, systemic regimens, vitamin repletion, and laser therapy, among others.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PubMed MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using various combinations of: 'aphthous', 'ulcer', and 'treatment'. The titles and abstracts from the initial literature search were appraised to identify articles for full review and reference sections from each article were searched manually for relevant publications. Both randomized controlled trials and observational reports were included in this review, as some treatment types have not been formally examined in randomized trials. Relevant studies were reviewed, compared, and summarized.

RESULTS

RAU can result from systemic disease and trauma, but recent studies have shown a variety of potential etiologies, ranging from vitamin deficiencies, oral microbiota derangements, hematological considerations, stress, genetic polymorphisms to oxidant-antioxidant imbalances, among others. Many modalities of therapy are available and have proven efficacious.

CONCLUSIONS

As the exact etiology of RAU is still unknown, therapy is based on symptomatic relief.

Systemic bioinformatics analysis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis gene expression profiles

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) represents the most common chronic oral diseases with the prevalence ranges from 5% to 25% for different populations. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, which limits the development of effective drugs and treatment methods. In this study, we conducted systemic bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify potential drug targets for RAS. We firstly downloaded the gene microarray datasets with the accession number of GSE37265 from GEO and performed robust multi-array (RMA) normalization with affy R programming package. Secondly, differential expression genes (DEGs) in RAS samples compared with control samples were identified based on limma package. Enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of DEGs were obtained through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on the combination of HPRD and BioGrid databases. What’s more, we identified modules of PPI network through MCODE plugin of Cytoscape for the purpose of screening of valuable targets. As a result, 915 genes were found to be significantly differential expression in RAS samples and biological processes related to immune and inflammatory response were significantly enriched in those genes. Network and module analysis identified FBXO6, ITGA4, VCAM1 and etc as valuable therapeutic targets for RAS. Finally, FBXO6, ITGA4, and VCAM1 were further confirmed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. This study should be helpful for the research and treatment of RAS.