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Liu N, Wu J, Zhang L, Gao Z, Sun Y, Yu M, Zhao Y, Dong S, Lu F, Zhang W. Hydrogen Sulphide modulating mitochondrial morphology to promote mitophagy in endothelial cells under high-glucose and high-palmitate. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3190-3203. [PMID: 28608965 PMCID: PMC5706497 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is one of the main reasons for type II diabetes vascular complications. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has antioxidative effect, but its regulation on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in aortic endothelial cells under hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia is unclear. Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with 40 mM glucose and 200 μM palmitate to imitate endothelium under hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, and 100 μM NaHS was used as an exogenous H2S donor. Firstly, we demonstrated that high glucose and palmitate decreased H2S production and CSE expression in RAECs. Then, the antioxidative effect of H2S was proved in RAECs under high glucose and palmitate to reduce mitochondrial ROS level. We also showed that exogenous H2S inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in RAECs under high glucose and palmitate. Using Mito Tracker and transmission electron microscopy assay, we revealed that exogenous H2S decreased mitochondrial fragments and significantly reduced the expression of p‐Drp‐1/Drp‐1 and Fis1 compared to high‐glucose and high‐palmitate group, whereas it increased mitophagy by transmission electron microscopy assay. We demonstrated that exogenous H2S facilitated Parkin recruited by PINK1 by immunoprecipitation and immunostaining assays and then ubiquitylated mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), which illuminated the mechanism of exogenous H2S on mitophagy. Parkin siRNA suppressed the expression of Mfn2, Nix and LC3B, which revealed that it eliminated mitophagy. In summary, exogenous H2S could protect RAECs against apoptosis under high glucose and palmitate by suppressing oxidative stress, decreasing mitochondrial fragments and promoting mitophagy. Based on these results, we proposed a new mechanism of H2S on protecting endothelium, which might provide a new strategy for type II diabetes vascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaopeng Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Bio-Pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Davis BM, Tian K, Pahlitzsch M, Brenton J, Ravindran N, Butt G, Malaguarnera G, Normando EM, Guo L, Cordeiro MF. Topical Coenzyme Q10 demonstrates mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection in a rodent model of ocular hypertension. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:114-123. [PMID: 28549843 PMCID: PMC5645575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant with known neuroprotective activity. Its ocular effects when co-solubilised with α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) were evaluated. In vitro studies confirmed that CoQ10 was significantly protective in different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) models. In vivo studies in Adult Dark Agouti (DA) rats with unilateral surgically-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) treated with either CoQ10/TPGS micelles or TPGS vehicle twice daily for three weeks were performed, following which retinal cell health was assessed in vivo using DARC (Detection of Apoptotic Retinal Cells) and post-mortem with Brn3a histological assessment on whole retinal mounts. CoQ10/TPGS showed a significant neuroprotective effect compared to control with DARC (p<0.05) and Brn3 (p<0.01). Topical CoQ10 appears an effective therapy preventing RGC apoptosis and loss in glaucoma-related models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Michael Davis
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Kailin Tian
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Pahlitzsch
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Brenton
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Nivedita Ravindran
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Gibran Butt
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo M Normando
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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53
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Jutley G, Luk SM, Dehabadi MH, Cordeiro MF. Management of glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2017; 7:157-172. [PMID: 28540772 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with an estimated prevalence of 60 million people, and the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The mainstay of treatment has been aimed at lowering intraocular pressure, currently the only modifiable risk factor. Unfortunately, despite adequate pressure control, many patients go on to suffer irreversible visual loss. We first briefly examine currently established intraocular pressure lowering-treatments, with a discussion of their roles in neuroprotection as demonstrated by both animal and clinical studies. The review then examines currently available intraocular pressure independent agents that have shown promise for possessing neuroprotective effects in the management of glaucoma. Finally, we explore potential future treatments such as immune-modulation, stem cell therapy and neural regeneration as they may provide further protection against the neurodegenerative processes involved in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Jutley
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
| | - Sheila Mh Luk
- Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mohammad H Dehabadi
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve head (ONH), leading to visual impairment. Despite its high prevalence, the biological basis of glaucoma pathogenesis still is not yet fully understood, and the factors contributing to its progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor, and reduction of IOP is the standard treatment for glaucoma. However, lowering IOP itself is not always effective for preserving visual function in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The second messenger cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous biological processes in the central nervous system including the retina and the optic nerve. Although recent studies revealed that cAMP generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) is important in regulating aqueous humor dynamics in ocular tissues, such as the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, as well as cell death and growth in the retina and optic nerve, the functional role and significance of cAMP in glaucoma remain to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the functional role of cAMP in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP regulation, and review the current medications, which are related to the cAMP signaling pathway, for glaucoma treatment. Also, we will further focus on cAMP signaling in RGC growth and regeneration by soluble AC as well as ONH astrocytes by transmembrane ACs to understand its potential role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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55
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Cheng L, Yu H, Yan N, Lai K, Xiang M. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Target Genes Contribute to Retinal Neuroprotection. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:20. [PMID: 28289375 PMCID: PMC5326762 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that facilitates cellular adaptation to hypoxia and ischemia. Long-standing evidence suggests that one isotype of HIF, HIF-1α, is involved in the pathogenesis of various solid tumors and cardiac diseases. However, the role of HIF-1α in retina remains poorly understood. HIF-1α has been recognized as neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia in the past two decades. Additionally, an increasing number of studies has shown that HIF-1α and its target genes contribute to retinal neuroprotection. This review will focus on recent advances in the studies of HIF-1α and its target genes that contribute to retinal neuroprotection. A thorough understanding of the function of HIF-1α and its target genes may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating degenerative retinal diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLAGuangzhou, China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Laboratories, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ, USA
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56
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Riazi-Esfahani M, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. The Role of Mitochondria in AMD: Current Knowledge and Future Applications. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2017; 12:424-428. [PMID: 29090054 PMCID: PMC5644411 DOI: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_182_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles which comprise the main respiratory machinery in the eukaryotic cells. In addition to their crucial role in energy production, they have profound effects on apoptosis and retrograde signaling to nucleus. Mitochondria have their own DNA, which codes for different proteins mostly involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Significant changes in the mitochondria of retinal pigment epithelium have been reported in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is correlated with the severity of the disease. Cybrid cell lines that have identical nuclei but mitochondria from different individuals can provide a unique means for studying the relationship between mitochondria and AMD. Different approaches for protection of mitochondria have been introduced which can be considered as potential future treatments for AMD and other age- related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Riazi-Esfahani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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57
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Liu J, Wu J, Sun A, Sun Y, Yu X, Liu N, Dong S, Yang F, Zhang L, Zhong X, Xu C, Lu F, Zhang W. Hydrogen sulfide decreases high glucose/palmitate-induced autophagy in endothelial cells by the Nrf2-ROS-AMPK signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 27222705 PMCID: PMC4877995 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive autophagy induced by extravagant oxidative stress is the main reason for diabetes-induced vascular endothelial cells dysfunction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has anti-oxidative effects but its regulation on excessive autophagy of vascular endothelial cells is unclear. Methods In this study, aorta of db/db mice (28 weeks old) and rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) treated with 40 mM glucose and 500 μM palmitate acted as type II diabetic animal and cellular models, respectively, and 100 μMNaHS was used as an exogenous H2S donor. The apoptosis level was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The activities of SOD, CAT and respiratory complexes were also measured. The mRNA levels of SOD and CAT were detected by real-time PCR. AMPK-siRNA was used to detect the effect of AMPK on autophagy. Western blotting was used to detected the protein level. Results H2S production was decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) both in vitro and in vivo; NaHS treatment rescued this impairment (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The expression of adhesive proteins was increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) both in vitro and in vivo; NaHS attenuated (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) these alterations. NaHS could protect endothelial cells against apoptosis induced by type II diabetes (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the expressions and activities of SOD and CAT were impaired (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) in endothelial cells of diabetes II; NaHS treatment attenuated (p < 0.05) this impairment. NaHS also increased ATP production (p < 0.05) and activities of respiratory complexes (p < 0.05), and the ratio of p-AMPK to AMPK was also decreased by NaHS (p < 0.01). The level of autophagy in endothelial cells was also decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) by NaHS treatment and AMPK-siRNA treatment. The expression of Nrf2 in the nuclei was increased (p < 0.05) by NaHS treatment. Conclusion Exogenous H2S might protect arterial endothelial cells by suppressing excessive autophagy induced by oxidative stress through the Nrf2-ROS-AMPK signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-016-0099-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Aili Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xiangjing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
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58
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Silverman SM, Kim BJ, Howell GR, Miller J, John SWM, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF. C1q propagates microglial activation and neurodegeneration in the visual axis following retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:24. [PMID: 27008854 PMCID: PMC4806521 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C1q represents the initiating protein of the classical complement cascade, however recent findings indicate pathway independent roles such as developmental pruning of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Furthermore, chronic neuroinflammation, including increased expression of C1q and activation of microglia and astrocytes, appears to be a common finding among many neurodegenerative disease models. Here we compare the effects of a retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on glial activation and neurodegeneration in wild type (WT) and C1qa-deficient mice in the retina and superior colliculus (SC). Retinal I/R was induced in mice through elevation of intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 60 min followed by reperfusion. Glial cell activation and population changes were assessed using immunofluorescence. Neuroprotection was determined using histological measurements of retinal layer thickness, RGC counts, and visual function by flash electroretinography (ERG). Results Retinal I/R injury significantly upregulated C1q expression in the retina as early as 72 h and within 7 days in the superficial SC, and was sustained as long as 28 days. Accompanying increased C1q expression was activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as a significantly increased glial population density observed in the retina and SC. Microglial activation and changes in density were completely ablated in C1qa-deficient mice, interestingly however there was no effect on astrocytes. Furthermore, loss of C1qa significantly rescued I/R-induced loss of RGCs and protected against retinal layer thinning in comparison to WT mice. ERG assessment revealed early preservation of b-wave amplitude deficits from retinal I/R injury due to C1qa-deficiency that was lost by day 28. Conclusions Our results for the first time demonstrate the spatiotemporal changes in the neuroinflammatory response following retinal I/R injury at both local and distal sites of injury. In addition, we have shown a role for C1q as a primary mediator of microglial activation and pathological damage. This suggests developmental mechanisms of C1q may be re-engaged during injury response, modulation of which may be beneficial for neuroprotection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0089-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Silverman
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, CBH-441, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Byung-Jin Kim
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, CBH-441, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | | | | | - Simon W M John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609, ME, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert J Wordinger
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, CBH-441, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, CBH-441, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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59
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Cartocci V, Segatto M, Di Tunno I, Leone S, Pfrieger FW, Pallottini V. Modulation of the Isoprenoid/Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway During Neuronal Differentiation In Vitro. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2036-44. [PMID: 27392312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During differentiation, neurons acquire their typical shape and functional properties. At present, it is unclear, whether this important developmental step involves metabolic changes. Here, we studied the contribution of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway to neuronal differentiation using the mouse neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115 as experimental model. Our results show that during differentiation, the activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), a key enzyme of MVA pathway, and the level of Low Density Lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) decrease, whereas the level of LDLr-related protein-1 (LRP1) and the dimerization of Scavanger Receptor B1 (SRB-1) rise. Pharmacologic inhibition of HMGR by simvastatin accelerated neuronal differentiation by modulating geranylated proteins. Collectively, our data suggest that during neuronal differentiation, the activity of the MVA pathway decreases and we postulate that any interference with this process impacts neuronal morphology and function. Therefore, the MVA pathway appears as an attractive pharmacological target to modulate neurological and metabolic symptoms of developmental neuropathologies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2036-2044, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cartocci
- Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilenia Di Tunno
- Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI) CNRS UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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60
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Prunty MC, Aung MH, Hanif AM, Allen RS, Chrenek MA, Boatright JH, Thule PM, Kundu K, Murthy N, Pardue MT. In Vivo Imaging of Retinal Oxidative Stress Using a Reactive Oxygen Species-Activated Fluorescent Probe. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5862-70. [PMID: 26348635 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo methods for detecting oxidative stress in the eye would improve screening and monitoring of the leading causes of blindness: diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. METHODS To develop an in vivo biomarker for oxidative stress in the eye, we tested the efficacy of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated, near-infrared hydrocyanine-800CW (H-800CW) fluorescent probe in light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) mouse models. After intravitreal delivery in LIRD rats, fluorescent microscopy was used to confirm that the oxidized H-800CW appeared in the same retinal layers as an established ROS marker (dichlorofluorescein). RESULTS Dose-response curves of increasing concentrations of intravenously injected H-800CW demonstrated linear increases in both intensity and total area of fundus hyperfluorescence in LIRD mice, as detected by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Fundus hyperfluorescence also correlated with the duration of light damage and functional deficits in vision after LIRD. In LIRD rats with intravitreal injections of H-800CW, fluorescent labeling was localized to photoreceptor inner segments, similar to dichlorofluorescein. CONCLUSIONS Hydrocyanine-800CW detects retinal ROS in vivo and shows potential as a novel biomarker for ROS levels in ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Prunty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Moe H Aung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Adam M Hanif
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rachael S Allen
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 2Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Peter M Thule
- Biomedical Research, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 4Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 2Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Kim KY, Perkins GA, Shim MS, Bushong E, Alcasid N, Ju S, Ellisman MH, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. DRP1 inhibition rescues retinal ganglion cells and their axons by preserving mitochondrial integrity in a mouse model of glaucoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1839. [PMID: 26247724 PMCID: PMC4558491 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by slow and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve head axons and retinal ganglion cell (RGC), leading to loss of visual function. Although oxidative stress and/or alteration of mitochondrial (mt) dynamics induced by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are associated with this neurodegenerative disease, the mechanisms that regulate mt dysfunction-mediated glaucomatous neurodegeneration are poorly understood. Using a mouse model of glaucoma, DBA/2J (D2), which spontaneously develops elevated IOP, as well as an in vitro RGC culture system, we show here that oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and mt transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression, triggers mt fission and loss by increasing dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in the retina of glaucomatous D2 mice as well as in cultured RGCs exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro. DRP1 inhibition by overexpressing DRP1 K38A mutant blocks mt fission and triggers a subsequent reduction of oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreasing SOD2 and Tfam protein expression. DRP1 inhibition promotes RGC survival by increasing phosphorylation of Bad at serine 112 in the retina and preserves RGC axons by maintaining mt integrity in the glial lamina of glaucomatous D2 mice. These findings demonstrate an important vicious cycle involved in glaucomatous neurodegeneration that starts with elevated IOP producing oxidative stress; the oxidative stress then leads to mt fission and a specific form of mt dysfunction that generates further oxidative stress, thus perpetuating the cycle. Our findings suggest that DRP1 is a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated mt fission and dysfunction in RGC and its axons during glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Thus, DRP1 inhibition may provide a new therapeutic strategy for protecting both RGCs and their axons in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-Y Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G A Perkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M S Shim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Bushong
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Alcasid
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M H Ellisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R N Weinreb
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W-K Ju
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Marshall J, Wong KY, Rupasinghe CN, Tiwari R, Zhao X, Berberoglu ED, Sinkler C, Liu J, Lee I, Parang K, Spaller MR, Hüttemann M, Goebel DJ. Inhibition of N-Methyl-D-aspartate-induced Retinal Neuronal Death by Polyarginine Peptides Is Linked to the Attenuation of Stress-induced Hyperpolarization of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22030-48. [PMID: 26100636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that overactivation of NMDA receptors, resulting in calcium overload and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ganglion neurons, plays a significant role in promoting neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma. Calcium has been shown to initiate a transient hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential triggering a burst of reactive oxygen species leading to apoptosis. Strategies that enhance cell survival signaling pathways aimed at preventing this adverse hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential may provide a novel therapeutic intervention in retinal disease. In the retina, brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to be neuroprotective, and our group previously reported a PSD-95/PDZ-binding cyclic peptide (CN2097) that augments brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced pro-survival signaling. Here, we examined the neuroprotective properties of CN2097 using an established retinal in vivo NMDA toxicity model. CN2097 completely attenuated NMDA-induced caspase 3-dependent and -independent cell death and PARP-1 activation pathways, blocked necrosis, and fully prevented the loss of long term ganglion cell viability. Although neuroprotection was partially dependent upon CN2097 binding to the PDZ domain of PSD-95, our results show that the polyarginine-rich transport moiety C-R(7), linked to the PDZ-PSD-95-binding cyclic peptide, was sufficient to mediate short and long term protection via a mitochondrial targeting mechanism. C-R(7) localized to mitochondria and was found to reduce mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, promoting survival of retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marshall
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
| | - Kwoon Y Wong
- the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Chamila N Rupasinghe
- the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Rakesh Tiwari
- the Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618
| | - Xiwu Zhao
- the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | | | - Christopher Sinkler
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, and
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, and
| | - Icksoo Lee
- the College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Keykavous Parang
- the Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618
| | - Mark R Spaller
- the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, and
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Eleawa SM, Alkhateeb M, Ghosh S, Al-Hashem F, Shatoor AS, Alhejaily A, Khalil MA. Coenzyme Q10 protects against acute consequences of experimental myocardial infarction in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 7:1-13. [PMID: 26069524 PMCID: PMC4446384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Myocardial infarction (MI) due to sudden occlusion of a major coronary artery leads to a complex series of events that result in left ventricle (LV) impairment eventual heart failure. Therapeutic options are limited to reverse such trends post MI. The aim of this study was to compare the acute cardioprotective effects of the antioxidants, resveratrol (RES) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), either individually or in combination, on infracts size, LV hemodynamics, inflammation and oxidative stress markers in rats with experimentally induced MI. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control without surgery, sham without occlusion, MI without antioxidants, RES pre-treated then MI (20 mg/kg, orally), CoQ10 then MI (20 mg/kg, intramuscular.), and combined RES and CoQ10 then MI with (each group n = 10). Pretreatment commenced 7 days prior to the permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Infarct area, hemodynamics, inflammation and oxidative stress markers were assessed 24 hours post-MI. RESULTS Compared to RES alone, CoQ10 pre-administration either by itself or in combination with RES, significantly reduced LV infarct area (57%), and normalized LV hemodynamic parameters like LVEDP (100%), LVSP (95.4%), LV +dp/dt and -dp/dt (102 and 73.1%, respectively). CoQ10 also decreased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (70%), and various circulating inflammatory markers like TNF-α (83.2%) and IL-6 (83.2%). Regarding oxidative stress, TBARS scores were lowered with a concurrent increase in both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities with CoQ10 alone or in combination with RES. CONCLUSION Coenzyme Q10 protects against the acute sequelae of myocardial infarction. It profoundly reduced infarct area, inflammation and oxidative stress while normalizing LV hemodynamics post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health SciencesPAAET, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Alkhateeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and SciencesUBC-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and SciencesUBC-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of internal medicine, Cardiology section, College of Medicine, King Khalid UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alhejaily
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health SciencesKing Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health SciencesKing Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kim YR, Kang WS, Kweon EY, Cho NC, Lee DW. Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension Model in the Mice. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.8.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Ra Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eui Yong Kweon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nam Chun Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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