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Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates p-cresyl sulfate-induced renal tubular injury through suppression of apoptosis and autophagy in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108679. [PMID: 30798133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The p-cresyl sulfate accumulates in kidney disease and may be involved in renal injury. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) acts as an antioxidant in cell injury. We investigated the effects of α-LA treatment on p-cresyl sulfate-induced renal tubular injury. p-Cresyl sulfate induced cell death, and increased Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3BII/LC3BI in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, which was counteracted by α-LA treatment. p-Cresyl sulfate-induced apoptosis was reduced by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and p-cresyl sulfate induced autophagy was reduced by pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, p-cresyl sulfate treatment increased the expression of ER stress proteins and decreased the expression of baculoviral IAP repeat-containing proteins 6; these effects were prevented by α-LA treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy were associated with the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit. Pretreatment inhibitors of p38 and JNK, and knockdown of ATF4 gene reduced apoptosis- and autophagy-related protein expressions in p-cresyl sulfate treated HK-2 cells. These results demonstrate that α-lipoic acid attenuated p-cresyl sulfate-induced cell death by suppression of apoptosis and autophagy via regulation of ER stress in HK-2 cells.
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Hird AW, Tron AE. Recent advances in the development of Mcl-1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:59-67. [PMID: 30790641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway controlled by members of the Bcl-2 protein family plays a central role in cancer development and resistance to conventional cytotoxic as well as targeted therapies. Hence, selective inhibition of pro-survival Bcl-2 family of proteins to activate apoptosis in malignant cells represents an exciting anti-cancer strategy. The remarkable clinical performance of the selective Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax has highlighted the potential for selective inhibitors of the other pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family, particularly Mcl-1. Here we review the latest progress on the discovery and development of selective inhibitors of Mcl-1 that are undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer therapy.
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Lee MW, Kim DS, Kim HR, Park HJ, Lee JW, Sung KW, Koo HH, Yoo KH. Inhibition of N-myc expression sensitizes human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells expressing caspase-8 to TRAIL. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12577. [PMID: 30724400 PMCID: PMC6536445 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to explore the roles of N‐myc and caspase‐8 in TRAIL‐resistant IMR‐32 cells which exhibit MYCN oncogene amplification and lack caspase‐8 expression. Materials and methods We established N‐myc–downregulated IMR‐32 cells using shRNA lentiviral particles targeting N‐myc and examined the effect the N‐myc inhibition on TRAIL susceptibility in human neuroblastoma IMR‐32 cells expressing caspase‐8. Results Cisplatin treatment in IMR‐32 cells increased the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5; TRAIL‐R2), but not other receptors, via downregulation of NF‐κB activity. However, the cisplatin‐mediated increase in DR5 failed to induce cell death following TRAIL treatment. Furthermore, interferon (IFN)‐γ pretreatment increased caspase‐8 expression in IMR‐32 cells, but cisplatin failed to trigger TRAIL cytotoxicity. We downregulated N‐myc expression in IMR‐32 cells using N‐myc–targeting shRNA. These cells showed decreased growth rate and Bcl‐2 expression accompanied by a mild collapse in the mitochondrial membrane potential as compared with those treated with scrambled shRNA. TRAIL treatment in N‐myc–negative cells expressing caspase‐8 following IFN‐γ treatment significantly triggered apoptotic cell death. Concurrent treatment with cisplatin enhanced TRAIL‐mediated cytotoxicity, which was abrogated by an additional pretreatment with DR5:Fc chimera protein. Conclusions N‐myc and caspase‐8 expressions are involved in TRAIL susceptibility in IMR‐32 cells, and the combination of treatment with cisplatin and TRAIL may serve as a promising strategy for the development of therapeutics against neuroblastoma that is controlled by N‐myc and caspase‐8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Woo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Bax to the future - A novel, high-yielding approach for purification and expression of full-length Bax protein for structural studies. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 158:20-26. [PMID: 30738180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis (programmed cell death) involves a sophisticated signaling and regulatory network that is regulated by the Bcl-2 protein family. Members of this family have either pro- or anti-apoptotic functions. An important pro-apoptotic member of this family is the cytosolic Bax. This protein is crucial for the onset of apoptosis by perforating the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). This process can be seen as point of no return, since disintegration of the MOM leads to the release of apotogenic factors such as cytochrome c into the cytosol triggering the activation of caspases and subsequent apoptotic steps. Bax is able to interact with the MOM with both its termini, making it inherently difficult to express in E. coli. In this study, we present a novel approach to express and purify full-length Bax with significantly increased yields, when compared to the commonly applied strategy. Using a double fusion approach with an N-terminal GST-tag and a C-terminal Intein-CBD-tag, we were able to render both Bax termini inactive and prevent disruptive interactions from occurring during gene expression. By deploying an Intein-CBD-tag at the C-terminus we were further able to avoid the introduction of any artificial residues, hence ensuring the native like activity of the membrane-penetrating C-terminus of Bax. Further, by engineering a His6-tag to the C-terminus of the CBD-tag we greatly improved the robustness of the purification procedure. We report yields for pure, full-length Bax protein that are increased by an order of magnitude, when compared to commonly used Bax expression protocols.
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55
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Porro C, Cianciulli A, Trotta T, Lofrumento DD, Calvello R, Panaro MA. Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine Induces Apoptosis in Murine Neurons: Evidence for NO-Dependent Caspase-9 Activation. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8010004. [PMID: 30621183 PMCID: PMC6466069 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) may be present in the brain in the course of some infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), although little is known about its role. This investigation was performed to study the effect of fMLP on neuron apoptosis. Our results showed that fMLP treatment of primary cultures of neurons was able to induce morphological features of apoptosis in cell cultures, as well as activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, through the upregulation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. This effect contextually occurred to the pro-apoptotic protein Bax activation and cytochrome c release. The in vitro fMLP treatment was also able to induce, in a dose-dependent manner, the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression accompanied by an up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) release. When neuron cultures were pre-treated with 1400 W, a selective iNOS inhibitor, all of the apoptotic features were significantly reversed. Overall, these results demonstrated that fMLP treatment of neurons leads to intrinsic apoptosis activation, through iNOS expression regulation, suggesting a role for fMLP in CNS neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Kumar S, Agnihotri N. Piperlongumine, a piper alkaloid targets Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis to inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation in DMH/DSS induced experimental colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1462-1477. [PMID: 30551398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common carcinoma of the digestive tract. The slow growing nature of CRC offers a great opportunity for prevention strategies. The concept of chemoprevention of colorectal cancer using plant derived natural products is gaining substantial attention because it is an inherently safe and cost-effective alternative to conventional cancer therapies. Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid present in Piper longum Linn has been reported to exhibit notable anticancer effects in various in vitro studies. Nonetheless, the chemopreventive potential of PL has not been studied in experimentally induced colon cancer yet. Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis plays a central role in promoting tumor cell growth, proliferation and survival by inhibiting apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the chemopreventive effects of PL in DMH + DSS induced colon carcinogenesis animal model. We showed that PL displayed potent antineoplastic activity against colon cancer cell growth by targeting Ras proteins and PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. PL mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth was associated with inhibition of Ras protein levels and its preferred companion protein PI3K levels that led to suppressed activity of Akt/NF-κB, c-Myc and cyclin D1. It was also found that PL arrested the cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by downregulating Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, the results of liver and kidney toxicity suggested that PL exhibit no toxicity in animals. Our results suggest that PL may be an effective chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry Basic Medical Science Block-II Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry Basic Medical Science Block-II Sector-25, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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57
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Aouacheria A, Navratil V, Combet C. Database and Bioinformatic Analysis of BCL-2 Family Proteins and BH3-Only Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1877:23-43. [PMID: 30535996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8861-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BCL-2 proteins correspond to a structurally, functionally, and phylogenetically heterogeneous group of regulators that play crucial roles in the life and death of animal cells. Some of these regulators also represent therapeutic targets in human diseases including cancer. In the omics era, there is great need for easy data retrieval and fast analysis of the molecular players involved in cell death. In this chapter, we present generic and specific computational resources (such as the reference database BCL2DB) as well as bioinformatics tools that can be used to investigate BCL-2 homologs and BH3-only proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Vincent Navratil
- PRABI, Rhône Alpes Bioinformatics Center, UCBL, Lyon1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Combet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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58
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Behar V, Pahima H, Kozminsky-Atias A, Arbel N, Loeb E, Herzberg M, Becker OM. A Hexokinase 2 Modulator for Field-Directed Treatment of Experimental Actinic Keratoses. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2635-2643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59
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Qiu M, Zhang S, Ke L, Tang H, Zeng X, Liu J. JS-K enhances chemosensitivity of prostate cancer cells to Taxol via reactive oxygen species activation. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:757-764. [PMID: 30655827 PMCID: PMC6312932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the nitric oxide donor prodrug JS-K (C13H16N6O8) on Taxol-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and to investigate a potential reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated mechanism. The effect of JS-K on the anticancer activity of Taxol was assessed in prostate cancer cells; cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, ROS generation and expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were investigated. The function of ROS accumulation in the combined effects of JS-K and Taxol was determined using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the pro-oxidant oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The results of the present study demonstrated that JS-K was able to increase Taxol-induced suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS accumulation and upregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins. Furthermore, NAC reversed the effect of JS-K on Taxol-induced apoptosis and conversely, the pro-oxidant GSSG exacerbated the effect of JS-K on Taxol-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, JS-K enhances the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer cells to Taxol, via the upregulation of intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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60
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López-Marín N, Mulet R, Rodríguez R. Photodynamic therapy: Toward a systemic computational model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:201-213. [PMID: 30396131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a systemic model to understand the effect of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) on long time scales. The model takes into account cell necrosis due to oxygen reactive species, cell apoptosis through the caspase pathway and the competition between healthy and tumor cells. We attempted to describe the system using state of the art computational techniques (necrosis and apoptosis) and simple models that allow a deeper understanding of the long time scale processes involved (healing and tumor growth). We analyzed the influence of the surface and tumor depth on the effectiveness of different treatment plans and we proposed, for the set of parameters used in this work, an optimum timing between sessions of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N López-Marín
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of General Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba.
| | - R Mulet
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba.
| | - R Rodríguez
- Department of Computational Medicine, National Institute of Nephrology, La Habana CP 10600, Cuba
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61
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Suraweera CD, Caria S, Järvå M, Hinds MG, Kvansakul M. A structural investigation of NRZ mediated apoptosis regulation in zebrafish. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:967. [PMID: 30237469 PMCID: PMC6148235 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins play a crucial role in regulating apoptosis, a process critical for development, eliminating damaged or infected cells, host-pathogen interactions and in disease. Dysregulation of Bcl-2 proteins elicits an expansive cell survival mechanism promoting cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Through a network of intra-family protein-protein interactions Bcl-2 family members regulate the release of cell death factors from mitochondria. NRZ is a novel zebrafish pro-survival Bcl-2 orthologue resident on mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the mechanism of NRZ apoptosis inhibition has not yet been clarified. Here we examined the interactions of NRZ with pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family using a combination of isothermal calorimetry and mutational analysis of NRZ. We show that NRZ binds almost all zebrafish pro-apoptotic proteins and displays a broad range of affinities. Furthermore, we define the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition of NRZ by solving the crystal structure of both apo-NRZ and a holo form bound to a peptide spanning the binding motif of the pro-apoptotic zBad, a BH3-only protein orthologous to mammalian Bad. The crystal structure of NRZ revealed that it adopts the conserved Bcl-2 like fold observed for other cellular pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins and employs the canonical ligand binding groove to bind Bad BH3 peptide. NRZ engagement of Bad BH3 involves the canonical ionic interaction between NRZ R86 and Bad D104 and an additional ionic interaction between NRZ D79 and Bad R100, and substitution of either NRZ R86 or D79 to Ala reduces the binding to Bad BH3 tenfold or more. Our findings provide a detailed mechanistic understanding for NRZ mediated anti-apoptotic activity in zebrafish by revealing binding to both Bad and Noxa, suggesting that NRZ is likely to occupy a unique mechanistic role in zebrafish apoptosis regulation by acting as a highly promiscuous pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura D Suraweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sofia Caria
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Michael Järvå
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark G Hinds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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62
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Discovery and development of substituted tyrosine derivatives as Bcl-2/Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4907-4915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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63
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Probing Gallate-Mediated Selectivity and High-Affinity Binding of Epigallocatechin Gallate: a Way-Forward in the Design of Selective Inhibitors for Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1061-1080. [PMID: 30155742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition is a key focus in the design of chemotherapeutic compounds that can abrogate the oncogenic activities of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly selective BH3 mimetics, setbacks such as toxicities have limited their use in cancer therapy. Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) has been widely reported to selectively inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL compared to other green tea phenols due to its gallate group. Herein, we investigate the interaction dynamics of EGCG at the hydrophobic grooves of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the consequential effects on their BH4 domains. Arg143 and Asp108 (Bcl-2), and Glu96 and Tyr195 (Bcl-xL) formed high-affinity hydrogen interactions with the gallate group while non-gallate groups of EGCG formed weak interactions. EGCG-bound proteins showed systemic perturbations of BH4 domains coupled with the burial of crucial surface-exposed residues such as Lys17 (Bcl-2) and Asp11 (Bcl-xL); hence, a distortion of non-canonical domain interactions. Interactions of gallate group of EGCG with key hydrophobic groove residues underlie EGCG selectivity while concurrent BH4 domain perturbations potentiate EGCG inhibitory activities. Findings will aid the optimization and design of selective inhibitors that could suppress anti-apoptotic activities of Bcl2-family proteins with minimal toxicities.
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64
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Arachchige D, Holub JM. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Scyllatoxin-Based BH3 Domain Mimetics Containing Two Disulfide Linkages. Protein J 2018; 37:428-443. [PMID: 30128635 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) proteins are a family of evolutionarily related proteins that act as positive or negative regulators of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins in cells is associated with apoptotic resistance, which can result in cancerous phenotypes and pathogenic cell survival. Consequently, anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins have attracted considerable interest as therapeutic targets. We recently reported the development of a novel class of synthetic protein based on scyllatoxin (ScTx) designed to mimic the helical BH3 interaction domain of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein Bax. These studies showed that the number and position of native disulfide linkages contained within the ScTx-Bax structure significantly influences the ability for these constructs to target anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins in vitro. The goal of the present study is to investigate the contribution of two disulfide linkages in the folding and biological activity of ScTx-Bax proteins. Here, we report the full chemical synthesis of three ScTx-Bax sequence variants, each presenting two native disulfide linkages at different positions within the folded structure. It was observed that two disulfide linkages were sufficient to fold ScTx-Bax proteins into native-like architectures reminiscent of wild-type ScTx. Furthermore, we show that select (bis)disulfide ScTx-Bax variants can target Bcl-2 (proper) in vitro and that the position of the disulfide bonds significantly influences binding affinity. Despite exhibiting only modest binding to Bcl-2, the successful synthesis of ScTx-Bax proteins containing two disulfide linkages represents a viable route to ScTx-based BH3 domain mimetics that preserve native-like conformations. Finally, structural models of ScTx-Bax proteins in complex with Bcl-2 indicate that these helical mimetics bind in similar configurations as wild-type Bax BH3 domains. Taken together, these results suggest that ScTx-Bax proteins may serve as potent lead compounds that expand the repertoire of "druggable" protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Biochemistry Research Facility 108, 350 W. State St., Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Justin M Holub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Biochemistry Research Facility 108, 350 W. State St., Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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65
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Kong W, Zhou M, Li Q, Fan W, Lin H, Wang R. Experimental Characterization of the Binding Affinities between Proapoptotic BH3 Peptides and Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1763-1770. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Kong
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Haixia Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 P.R. China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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66
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Fletcher JM, Horner KA, Bartlett GJ, Rhys GG, Wilson AJ, Woolfson DN. De novo coiled-coil peptides as scaffolds for disrupting protein-protein interactions. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7656-7665. [PMID: 30393526 PMCID: PMC6182421 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo- and hetero-dimeric coiled coils as scaffolds for the presentation of α-helical protein-binding motifs.
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play pivotal roles in the majority of biological processes. Therefore, improved approaches to target and disrupt PPIs would provide tools for chemical biology and leads for therapeutic development. PPIs with α-helical components are appealing targets given that the secondary structure is well understood and can be mimicked or stabilised to render small-molecule and constrained-peptide-based inhibitors. Here we present a strategy to target α-helix-mediated PPIs that exploits de novo coiled-coil assemblies and test this using the MCL-1/NOXA-B PPI. First, computational alanine scanning is used to identify key α-helical residues from NOXA-B that contribute to the interface. Next, these residues are grafted onto the exposed surfaces of de novo designed homodimeric or heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides. The resulting synthetic peptides selectively inhibit a cognate MCL-1/BID complex in the mid-nM range. Furthermore, the heterodimeric system affords control as inhibition occurs only when both the grafted peptide and its designed partner are present. This establishes proof of concept for exploiting peptides stabilised in de novo coiled coils as inhibitors of PPIs. This dependence on supramolecular assembly introduces new possibilities for regulation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Fletcher
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Katherine A Horner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Gail J Bartlett
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Guto G Rhys
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Derek N Woolfson
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ; .,School of Biochemistry , University of Bristol , Medical Sciences Building, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , UK.,BrisSynBio , University of Bristol , Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TQ , UK
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Zhang H, Lian Y, Xie N, Zheng Y. Ectopic expression of Miro 1 ameliorates seizures and inhibits hippocampal neurodegeneration in a mouse model of pilocarpine epilepsy. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:468-474. [PMID: 29365285 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common disease of the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial Rho (Miro) 1 in epilepsy, using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine induced epileptic seizures in mice and significantly decreased Miro 1 expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, pilocarpine treatment increased the serum levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) and led to hippocampal neuronal injury and apoptosis. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway was activated in the hippocampal neurons following pilocarpine-induced SE, as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm. By contrast, forced expression of Miro 1 by lateral ventricular administration of adenovirus mitigated pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures, reduced the elevation of HSP70 and S100B, and inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In summary, our data demonstrates that ectopic expression of Miro 1 alleviated pilocarpine-induced SE and protected hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings provide new insights into epileptic disorders and suggest a potential neuroprotective value of Miro 1 in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yake Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
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68
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Budhy TI. Molecular Grading of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Infected with EBV. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1793-1796. [PMID: 30049189 PMCID: PMC6165670 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a type of cancer that is often found in oral cavity and areas of the head and neck. Viruses are major etiological factors through production of factors that can disturb proliferation and apoptosis regulators such as p53i, c-myc and bcl-2. This study aimed to determine the molecular grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Methods Twenty-seven OSCC patients underwent biopsy to detect EBV infection through in situ hybridization for RNA EBV (EBER) and immunohistochemical analysis of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1). To assess molecular grades, cell proliferation and apoptosis regulator expression i.e. inactive p53 (p53i), c-myc and bcl-2, were immunohistochemically analysed. Results The cases were divided into two groups; infected and non-infected by EBV. Regression analysis showed that only EBNA-1 expression could affect p53i expression. Based on regression equations molecular grading of OSCCs infected by EBV was divided into three: Grade I (low), EBNA-1 expression was 7.60, and p53i expression was 9.74-17.5; Grade II (medium), EBNA-1 expression was 7.61-19.7, and p53i 17.5-30.1; Grade III (high), EBNA-1 expression was 19.71, and p53i ≥ 30.1. Conclusion In OSCC infected with EBV, only EBNA-1 expression can influence p53i expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Indah Budhy
- Departement of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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69
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Crabtree MD, Mendonça CATF, Bubb QR, Clarke J. Folding and binding pathways of BH3-only proteins are encoded within their intrinsically disordered sequence, not templated by partner proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9718-9723. [PMID: 29716994 PMCID: PMC6016464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions are present in one-third of eukaryotic proteins and are overrepresented in cellular processes such as signaling, suggesting that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) may have a functional advantage over folded proteins. Upon interacting with a partner macromolecule, a subset of IDPs can fold and bind to form a well-defined three-dimensional conformation. For example, disordered BH3-only proteins bind promiscuously to a large number of homologous BCL-2 family proteins, where they fold to a helical structure in a groove on the BCL-2–like protein surface. As two protein chains are involved in the folding reaction, and the structure is only formed in the presence of the partner macromolecule, this raises the question of where the folding information is encoded. Here, we examine these coupled folding and binding reactions to determine which component determines the folding and binding pathway. Using Φ value analysis to compare transition state interactions between the disordered BH3-only proteins PUMA and BID and the folded BCL-2–like proteins A1 and MCL-1, we found that, even though the BH3-only protein is disordered in isolation and requires a stabilizing partner to fold, its folding and binding pathway is encoded in the IDP itself; the reaction is not templated by the folded partner. We suggest that, by encoding both its transition state and level of residual structure, an IDP can evolve a specific kinetic profile, which could be a crucial functional advantage of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Crabtree
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina A T F Mendonça
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Quenton R Bubb
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Clarke
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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70
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Yao Y, Huang JZ, Chen Y, Hu HJ, Tang X, Li X. Effects and mechanism of amyloid β1-42 on mitochondria in astrocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6997-7004. [PMID: 29568933 PMCID: PMC5928648 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ)1–42 is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The effects of Aβ1–42 on astrocytes remain largely unknown. The present study focused on the effects of Aβ1–42 on U87 human glioblastoma cells as astrocytes for in vitro investigation and mouse brains for in vivo investigation. The mechanism and regulation of mitochondria and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) were also investigated. As determined by MTT assays, low doses of Aβ1–42 (<1 µM) marginally promoted astrocytosis compared with the 0 µM group within 24 h, however, after 48 h treatment these doses reduced cellular growth compared with the 0 µM group. Furthermore, Aβ1–42 doses >5 µM inhibited the growth of U87 cells compared with the 0 µM group after 24 and 48 h treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that astrocytosis was also observed in early stage AD mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, concentrations of Aβ1–42 were also significantly higher in early stage AD mice compared with WT mice, however, the levels were markedly lower compared with later stage AD mice, as determined by ELISA. In addition to increased levels of Aβ1–42 in mice with later stage AD, reduced astrocyte staining was observed compared with WT mice. Western blotting indicated that the effect of Aβ1–42 on U87 cell apoptosis may be regulated via Bcl-2 and caspase-3 located in mitochondria, whose functions, including adenosine triphosphate generation, electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane potential, were inhibited by Aβ1–42. During this process, the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 reductase was also downregulated. The current study provides novel insight into the effects of Aβ1–42 on astrocytes and highlights a potential role for astrocytes in the protection against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - He-Juan Hu
- Department of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Xiying Tang
- Department of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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71
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Cheng SY, Wang SC, Lei M, Wang Z, Xiong K. Regulatory role of calpain in neuronal death. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:556-562. [PMID: 29623944 PMCID: PMC5900522 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a group of calcium-dependent proteases that are over activated by increased intracellular calcium levels under pathological conditions. A wide range of substrates that regulate necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic pathways are affected by calpain. Calpain plays a very important role in neuronal death and various neurological disorders. This review introduces recent research progress related to the regulatory mechanisms of calpain in neuronal death. Various neuronal programmed death pathways including apoptosis, autophagy and regulated necrosis can be divided into receptor interacting protein-dependent necroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent necrosis, pyroptosis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-mediated parthanatos. Calpains cleave series of key substrates that may lead to cell death or participate in cell death. Regarding the investigation of calpain-mediated programed cell death, it is necessary to identify specific inhibitors that inhibit calpain mediated neuronal death and nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-ying Cheng
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-chao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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72
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Banjara S, Mao J, Ryan TM, Caria S, Kvansakul M. Grouper iridovirus GIV66 is a Bcl-2 protein that inhibits apoptosis by exclusively sequestering Bim. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5464-5477. [PMID: 29483196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a critical mechanism for the controlled removal of damaged or infected cells, and proteins of the Bcl-2 family are important arbiters of this process. Viruses have been shown to encode functional and structural homologs of Bcl-2 to counter premature host-cell apoptosis and ensure viral proliferation or survival. Grouper iridovirus (GIV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Iridoviridae family and harbors GIV66, a putative Bcl-2-like protein and mitochondrially localized apoptosis inhibitor. However, the molecular and structural basis of GIV66-mediated apoptosis inhibition is currently not understood. To gain insight into GIV66's mechanism of action, we systematically evaluated its ability to bind peptides spanning the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Our results revealed that GIV66 harbors an unusually high level of specificity for pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 and displays affinity only for Bcl-2-like 11 (Bcl2L11 or Bim). Using crystal structures of both apo-GIV66 and GIV66 bound to the BH3 domain from Bim, we unexpectedly found that GIV66 forms dimers via an interface that results in occluded access to the canonical Bcl-2 ligand-binding groove, which breaks apart upon Bim binding. This observation suggests that GIV66 dimerization may affect GIV66's ability to bind host pro-death Bcl-2 proteins and enables highly targeted virus-directed suppression of host apoptosis signaling. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for the potent anti-apoptotic activity of GIV66 by identifying it as the first single-specificity, pro-survival Bcl-2 protein and identifying a pivotal role of Bim in GIV-mediated inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Banjara
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
| | - Jiahao Mao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- SAXS/WAXS, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Sofia Caria
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
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73
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Li JP, Huang ZJ, Lu XS, Zhou YC, Shao Y, He XP, Chen SR, Wang DD, Qin LS, Sun WH. Pre-clinical characterization of PKC412, a multi-kinase inhibitor, against colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77815-77824. [PMID: 27780925 PMCID: PMC5363623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effect of PKC412, a small molecular multi-kinase inhibitor, in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was evaluated here. We showed that PKC412 was cytotoxic and anti-proliferative against CRC cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, HT-15 and DLD-1) and primary CRC cells. PKC412 provoked caspase-dependent apoptotic death, and induced G2-M arrest in the CRC cells. AKT activation was inhibited by PKC412 in CRC cells. Reversely, expression of constitutively-active AKT1 (CA-AKT1) decreased the PKC412's cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. We propose that Bcl-2 could be a primary resistance factor of PKC412. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, or Bcl-2 siRNA knockdown, dramatically potentiated PKC412's lethality against CRC cells. Forced Bcl-2 over-expression, on the other hand, attenuated PKC412's cytotoxicity. Significantly, PKC412 oral administration suppressed AKT activation and inhibited HT-29 tumor growth in nude mice. Mice survival was also improved with PKC412 administration. These results indicate that PKC412 may have potential value for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, Yancheng Fist People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Yancheng Fist People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chan Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shao
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Pu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Rong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng Fist People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng Fist People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Li-Sen Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng Pavilion Lake District People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Wei-Hao Sun
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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74
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Hou Z, Cui Y, Xing H, Mu X. Down-expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in p53-regulated pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1943-1948. [PMID: 29434894 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has an effect on p53-regulated pancreatic cancer. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of PARP affects proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Olaparib was used to suppress the expression level of PARP-1 in PanC-1 cells. Decreased expression of PARP-1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of PanC-1 cells when compared with controls. Furthermore, decreased expression of PARP-1 resulted in decreased levels of pro-caspase-3 expression, increased caspase-3 activity, suppressed B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression and increased p53 protein expression in PanC-1 cells. Subsequently, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activity was inhibited alongside down-expression of PARP-1 resulting in significantly decreased cellular viability of PanC-1 cells, increased p53 protein expression, decreased expression of pro-caspase-3, increased caspase-3 activity and suppressed Bcl-2 protein expression, when compared with PARP-1 suppression alone. Overall, the in vitro data confirmed that down-expression of PARP-1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer via ATM-deficient p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Hou
- The Second Department of Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- The Second Department of Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Huizhi Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of CATF, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Mu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of CATF, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
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75
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Jin LB, Zhu J, Liang CZ, Tao LJ, Liu B, Yu W, Zou HH, Wang JJ, Tao H. Paeoniflorin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis through the upregulation of Bcl-2 X-associated protein and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 in human osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5095-5101. [PMID: 29363721 PMCID: PMC5865973 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), extracted from the peony root, has been proved to possess antineoplastic activity in different cancer cell lines. However, it remains unclear whether PF has an antineoplastic effect against osteosarcoma cells. The present study investigated the effects and the specific mechanism of PF on various human osteosarcoma cell lines. Using the multiple methods to detect the activity of PF on HOS and Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cell lines, including an MTS assay, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting, it was demonstrated that PF induces inhibition of proliferation, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro, and activation of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly (ADPribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 X-associated protein and BH3 interacting domain death agonist were uregulated, while the anti-apoptotic factors B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-extra large were downregulated. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that PF has a promising therapeutic potential in for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Han Hui Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Hou S, Li B, Pan J, Jiang L, Zhou G, Gu H, Zhao C, Lu H, Ma F. Combination of betulinic acid with diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate nitric oxide moiety donating a novel anticancer candidate. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:361-373. [PMID: 29391813 PMCID: PMC5774489 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betulinic acid (BA) is a complex lupane triterpenoid with unique antineoplastic activity. However, its antiproliferative activity is far from satisfaction. In order to improve its anticancer efficacy, betulinic acid was conjugated with a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing moiety to get a novel hybrid, BA-78. Methods The antiproliferative activity of BA-78 against 6 cell lines and the ability of releasing nitric oxide were determined. The pro-apoptosis mechanism of BA-78 was investigated as well. Results BA-78 exhibited time-dependent release of NO, and it displayed higher antiproliferative potential than BA through increasing apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Western blotting results showed that BA-78 increased the expression of Bax, Bid, Bad and cytochrome C and reduced the level of anti-apoptosis proteins including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Conclusion Our study revealed that novel compound BA-78, possessing betulinic acid and nitric oxide (NO)-releasing moiety, could be developed as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jianjian Pan
- Department of General Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Guiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Chen S, Liang H, Yang H, Liu L, Zhou K, Xu L, Liu J, Yun L, Lai B, Song L, Luo H, Peng J, Liu Z, Xiao Y, Chen W, Tang H. Bcl-2 protects TK6 cells against hydroquinone-induced apoptosis through PARP-1 cytoplasm translocation and stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:49-59. [PMID: 28843007 DOI: 10.1002/em.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) suppresses apoptosis by binding the BH3 domain of proapoptotic factors and thereby regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This study aimed to investigate the role of Bcl-2 in controlling the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis during hydroquinone (HQ)-induced TK6 cytotoxicity. In this study, HQ, one metabolite of benzene, decreased the MMP in a concentration-dependent manner and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX, and production of the DNA damage-responsive enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Exposure of TK6 cells to HQ leads to an increase in Bcl-2 and co-localization with PARP-1 in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of Bcl-2 using the BH3 mimetic, ABT-737, suppressed the PARP-1 nuclear to cytoplasm translocation and sensitized TK6 cells to HQ-induced apoptosis through depolarization of the MMP. Western blot analysis indicated that ABT-737 combined with HQ increased the levels of cleaved PARP and γ-H2AX, but significantly decreased the level of P53. Thus, ABT-737 can influence PARP-1 translocation and induce apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, independently of P53. In addition, we found that knockdown of PARP-1 attenuated the HQ-induced production of cleaved PARP and P53. These results identify Bcl-2 as a protective mediator of HQ-induced apoptosis and show that upregulation of Bcl-2 helps to localize PARP-1 to the cytoplasm and stabilize MMP. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:49-59, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Kairu Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Longmei Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lin Yun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Bei Lai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jianming Peng
- Huizhou Prevention and Treatment Centre for Occupational Disease, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Huizhou Prevention and Treatment Centre for Occupational Disease, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Xu L, Jin L, Yang B, Wang L, Xia Z, Zhang Q, Xu J. The sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 inhibits cervical carcinoma cell growth. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2384-2394. [PMID: 29416779 PMCID: PMC5788647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC294640 is a specific sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) inhibitor. The anti-cervical carcinoma activity by ABC294640 was tested in this study. ABC294640 inhibited in vitro growth of the established (C33A and HeLa lines) and primary human cervical carcinoma cells. The SphK2 inhibitor also induced G1-S arrest and apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells. It was yet non-cytotoxic to SphK2-low human cervical epithelial cells. ABC294640 inhibited SphK activation, causing sphingosine-1-phosphate depletion, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in-activation and ceramide production. Bcl-2 is a key resistance factor of ABC294640. Pharmacological Bcl-2 inhibition or Bcl-2 shRNA potentiated ABC294640-induced C33A cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. On the other hand, exogenous over-expression of Bcl-2 attenuated ABC294640's cytotoxicity against C33A cells. In vivo, ABC294640 administration inhibited C33A xenograft tumor growth in mice. Co-administration of the Bcl-2 inhibitor GDC-0199 further potentiated ABC294640's anti-tumor activity. Together, we suggest that ABC294640 might have translational value for the treatment of human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longmei Jin
- Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu R, Yu X, Su C, Shi Y, Zhao L. Nanoparticle Delivery of Artesunate Enhances the Anti-tumor Efficiency by Activating Mitochondria-Mediated Cell Apoptosis. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:403. [PMID: 28610396 PMCID: PMC5468175 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives were considered to exert a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities, and they induced significant anti-cancer effects in tumor cells. Artemisinin and its derivatives could be absorbed quickly, and they were widely distributed, selectively killing tumor cells. Since low concentrations of artesunate primarily depended on oncosis to induce cell death in tumor cells, its anti-tumor effects were undesirable and limited. To obtain better anti-tumor effects, in this study, we took advantage of a new nanotechnology to design novel artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles to achieve the mitochondrial accumulation of artesunate and induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The results showed that when compared with free artesunate's reliance on oncotic death, artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity and their significant apoptotic effects were induced through the distribution of artesunate in the mitochondria. This finding indicated that artesunate-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles damaged the mitochondrial integrity and activated mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins and facilitating the rapid release of cytochrome C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Adams JM, Cory S. The BCL-2 arbiters of apoptosis and their growing role as cancer targets. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:27-36. [PMID: 29099483 PMCID: PMC5729526 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired apoptosis plays a central role in cancer development and limits the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic therapies. Deepening understanding of how opposing factions of the BCL-2 protein family switch on apoptosis and of their structures has driven development of a new class of cancer drugs that targets various pro-survival members by mimicking their natural inhibitors, the BH3-only proteins. These ‘BH3 mimetic’ drugs seem destined to become powerful new weapons in the arsenal against cancer. Successful clinical trials of venetoclax/ABT-199, a specific inhibitor of BCL-2, have led to its approval for a refractory form of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and to scores of on-going trials for other malignancies. Furthermore, encouraging preclinical studies of BH3 mimetics that target other BCL-2 pro-survival members, particularly MCL-1, offer promise for cancers resistant to venetoclax. This review sketches the impact of the BCL-2 family on cancer development and therapy, describes how interactions of family members trigger apoptosis and discusses the potential of BH3 mimetic drugs to advance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Adams
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cory
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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82
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Jin X, Lee K, Kim NH, Kim HS, Yook JI, Choi J, No KT. Natural products used as a chemical library for protein-protein interaction targeted drug discovery. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:46-58. [PMID: 29136547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which are essential for cellular processes, have been recognized as attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, the construction of a PPI-focused chemical library is an inevitable necessity for future drug discovery. Natural products have been used as traditional medicines to treat human diseases for millennia; in addition, their molecular scaffolds have been used in diverse approved drugs and drug candidates. The recent discovery of the ability of natural products to inhibit PPIs led us to use natural products as a chemical library for PPI-targeted drug discovery. In this study, we collected natural products (NPDB) from non-commercial and in-house databases to analyze their similarities to small-molecule PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) and FDA-approved drugs by using eight molecular descriptors. Then, we evaluated the distribution of NPDB and iPPIs in the chemical space, represented by the molecular fingerprint and molecular scaffolds, to identify the promising scaffolds, which could interfere with PPIs. To investigate the ability of natural products to inhibit PPI targets, molecular docking was used. Then, we predicted a set of high-potency natural products by using the iPPI-likeness score based on a docking score-weighted model. These selected natural products showed high binding affinities to the PPI target, namely XIAP, which were validated in an in vitro experiment. In addition, the natural products with novel scaffolds might provide a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry developments. Overall, our study shows the potency of natural products in targeting PPIs, which might help in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungro Lee
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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83
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Geng W, Liang W, Fan Y, Ye Z, Zhang L. Overexpression of CCDC34 in colorectal cancer and its involvement in tumor growth, apoptosis and invasion. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:465-473. [PMID: 29115580 PMCID: PMC5780142 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that increased expression of coiled-coil domain containing 34 (CCDC34), a member of the CCDCs family, may promote the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The present study investigated CCDC34 expression in CRC tissues and determined the association between CCDC34 expression and biological characteristics in patients with CRC. Additionally, the variation of cell activity, apoptosis, invasion and associated mechanisms were evaluated following CCDC34 inhibition in SW620 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The role of CCDC34 in CRC growth, apoptosis and invasion was investigated. In the current study, immunohistochemistry revealed an overexpression of CCDC34 in CRC tissues compared with paracancerous tissue (χ2=29.810; P<0.001). Furthermore, CCDC34 expression was revealed to be associated with tumor invasion depth and lymphatic metastasis (χ2=4.343, P=0.037; χ2=7.915, P=0.005). Additionally, the inhibition of CCDC34 expression in SW620 cells led to reduced tumor cell activity, increased apoptosis rate and reduced invasion ability, and expression of apoptosis and invasion-associated genes varied simultaneously which demonstrated that B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, survivin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9 were decreased, whereas E-cadherin increased significantly in cells of CCDC34-siRNA group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Therefore, CCDC34 may contribute to CRC development by inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells and promoting invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lixiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Structural and Functional Insight into Canarypox Virus CNP058 Mediated Regulation of Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100305. [PMID: 29053589 PMCID: PMC5691656 DOI: 10.3390/v9100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is an important component of host defense systems against viral infection. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins family is the main arbiter of mitochondrially mediated apoptosis, and viruses have evolved sequence and structural mimics of Bcl-2 to subvert premature host cell apoptosis in response to viral infection. The sequencing of the canarypox virus genome identified a putative pro-survival Bcl-2 protein, CNP058. However, a role in apoptosis inhibition for CNP058 has not been identified to date. Here, we report that CNP058 is able to bind several host cell pro-death Bcl-2 proteins, including Bak and Bax, as well as several BH3 only-proteins including Bim, Bid, Bmf, Noxa, Puma, and Hrk with high to moderate affinities. We then defined the structural basis for CNP058 binding to pro-death Bcl-2 proteins by determining the crystal structure of CNP058 bound to Bim BH3. CNP058 adopts the conserved Bcl-2 like fold observed in cellular pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins, and utilizes the canonical ligand binding groove to bind Bim BH3. We then demonstrate that CNP058 is a potent inhibitor of ultraviolet (UV) induced apoptosis in a cell culture model. Our findings suggest that CNP058 is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis that is able to bind to BH3 domain peptides from a broad range of pro-death Bcl-2 proteins, and may play a key role in countering premature host apoptosis.
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85
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The Bcl-2 Family in Host-Virus Interactions. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100290. [PMID: 28984827 PMCID: PMC5691641 DOI: 10.3390/v9100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family are pivotal arbiters of mitochondrially mediated apoptosis, a process of fundamental importance during tissue development, homeostasis, and disease. At the structural and mechanistic level, the mammalian members of the Bcl-2 family are increasingly well understood, with their interplay ultimately deciding the fate of a cell. Dysregulation of Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis underlies a plethora of diseases, and numerous viruses have acquired homologs of Bcl-2 to subvert host cell apoptosis and autophagy to prevent premature death of an infected cell. Here we review the structural biology, interactions, and mechanisms of action of virus-encoded Bcl-2 proteins, and how they impact on host-virus interactions to ultimately enable successful establishment and propagation of viral infections.
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86
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Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100271. [PMID: 28946654 PMCID: PMC5691623 DOI: 10.3390/v9100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral diseases, new treatments are urgently needed. Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. Moreover, these compounds limited viral replication and spread. Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. A comparison of the toxicity, antiviral activity, and side effects of six Bcl-2i allowed us to select A-1155463 as an antiviral lead candidate. Thus, our results pave the way for the further development of Bcl-2i for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
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87
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Liu T, Cheng A, Wang M, Jia R, Yang Q, Wu Y, Sun K, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Chen X. RNA-seq comparative analysis of Peking ducks spleen gene expression 24 h post-infected with duck plague virulent or attenuated virus. Vet Res 2017; 48:47. [PMID: 28903751 PMCID: PMC5598070 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of alphaherpesvirus sub-family, can cause significant economic losses on duck farms in China. DPV Chinese virulent strain (CHv) is highly pathogenic and could induce massive ducks death. Attenuated DPV vaccines (CHa) have been put into service against duck plague with billions of doses in China each year. Researches on DPV have been development for many years, however, a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity of CHv strain and protection of CHa strain to ducks is still blank. In present study, we performed RNA-seq technology to analyze transcriptome profiling of duck spleens for the first time to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the infection of CHv and CHa at 24 h. Comparison of gene expression with mock ducks revealed 748 DEGs and 484 DEGs after CHv and CHa infection, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEGs highlighted valuable biological processes involved in host immune response, cell apoptosis and viral invasion. Genes expressed in those pathways were different in CHv infected duck spleens and CHa vaccinated duck spleens. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the reasons of pathogenicity caused by CHv strain and protection activated by CHa strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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Pan ST, Li ZL, He ZX, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Molecular mechanisms for tumour resistance to chemotherapy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:723-37. [PMID: 27097837 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the prevailing methods used to treat malignant tumours, but the outcome and prognosis of tumour patients are not optimistic. Cancer cells gradually generate resistance to almost all chemotherapeutic drugs via a variety of distinct mechanisms and pathways. Chemotherapeutic resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, is caused and sustained by reduced drug accumulation and increased drug export, alterations in drug targets and signalling transduction molecules, increased repair of drug-induced DNA damage, and evasion of apoptosis. In order to better understand the mechanisms of chemoresistance, this review highlights our current knowledge of the role of altered drug metabolism and transport and deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the development of tumour chemoresistance. Reduced intracellular activation of prodrugs (e.g. thiotepa and tegafur) or enhanced drug inactivation by Phase I and II enzymes contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Both primary and acquired resistance can be caused by alterations in the transport of anticancer drugs which is mediated by a variety of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein. Presently there is a line of evidence indicating that deregulation of programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy is also an important mechanism for tumour resistance to anticancer drugs. Reversal of chemoresistance is likely via pharmacological and biological approaches. Further studies are warranted to grasp the full picture of how each type of cancer cells develop resistance to anticancer drugs and to identify novel strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Centre & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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89
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Jia M, Li ZB, Li L, Chu HT, Li ZZ. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and apoptosis-associated gene expression levels in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis in a Beagle dog model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6967-6973. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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90
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Shim JM, Kim J, Tenson T, Min JY, Kainov DE. Influenza Virus Infection, Interferon Response, Viral Counter-Response, and Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:E223. [PMID: 28805681 PMCID: PMC5580480 DOI: 10.3390/v9080223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics, which remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral outbreaks, new treatments are urgently needed. Developing new virus control modalities requires better understanding of virus-host interactions. Here, we describe how IAV infection triggers cellular apoptosis and how this process can be exploited towards the development of new therapeutics, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
| | - Ji-Young Min
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway.
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91
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Bruserud Ø, Aasebø E, Hernandez-Valladares M, Tsykunova G, Reikvam H. Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia - the biological background for possible strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1053-1065. [PMID: 28748730 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1356818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy, caused by the accumulation of immature leukemic blasts in blood and bone marrow. There is a relatively high risk of chemoresistant relapse even for the younger patients who can receive the most intensive antileukemic treatment. Treatment directed against the remaining leukemic and preleukemic stem cells will most likely reduce the risk of later relapse. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches. The authors searched for original articles and recent reviews describing (i) the characteristics of leukemic/preleukemic stem cells; (ii) the importance of the bone marrow stem cell niches in leukemogenesis; and (iii) possible therapeutic strategies to target the preleukemic/leukemic stem cells. Expert opinion: Leukemia relapse/progression seems to be derived from residual chemoresistant leukemic or preleukemic stem cells, and a more effective treatment directed against these cells will likely be important to improve survival both for patients receiving intensive treatment and leukemia-stabilizing therapy. Several possible strategies are now considered, including the targeting of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, proapoptotic intracellular signaling, cell metabolism, telomere activity and the AML-supporting effects by neighboring stromal cells. Due to disease heterogeneity, the most effective stem cell-directed therapy will probably differ between individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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92
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Pu C. 3- n-Butylphthalide reduces the oxidative damage of muscles in an experimental autoimmune myositis animal model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2085-2093. [PMID: 28962128 PMCID: PMC5609169 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) protects the mitochondria and reduces apoptosis in multiple disease models. However, it remains to be determined whether NBP can protect muscle cells from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in myositis. In the present study, a myosin immunization protocol was applied to induce experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) in guinea pigs. After 4 weeks, a low- or high-dose NBP solution was injected intraperitoneally into the guinea pigs, with saline solution serving as the negative control. After 10 days, the guinea pigs were sacrificed and muscle cells were isolated for analysis. The results revealed that NBP increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and reduced malondialdehyde activity in the EAM model. Furthermore, NBP enhanced ATPase activity in muscle mitochondrial membranes and muscle fiber membranes, reduced the number of apoptotic cells, and differentially regulated the Bcl-2, Bax and BAD mRNA and protein expression levels in muscle tissues and sera. NBP directly protects muscle mitochondria and muscle cells from oxidative damage. Notably, NBP reduced muscle cell apoptosis. Thus, it is speculated that, as an antioxidant treatment, NBP may benefit individuals with myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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93
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Beaumatin F, El Dhaybi M, Bobo C, Verdier M, Priault M. Bcl-x L deamidation and cancer: Charting the fame trajectories of legitimate child and hidden siblings. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28645514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins control programmed cell death through a complex network of interactions within and outside of this family, that are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTM). Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic member of this family, is overexpressed in a number of cancers, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and is correlated with drug resistance. Bcl-xL is susceptible to a number of different PTMs. Here, we focus on deamidation. We will first provide an overview of protein deamidation. We will then review how the apoptotic and autophagic functions of Bcl-xL are modified by this PTM, and how this impacts on its oncogenic properties. Possible therapeutic outcomes will also be discussed. Finally, we will highlight how the specific case of Bcl-xL deamidation provides groundings to revisit some concepts related to protein deamidation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaumatin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamad El Dhaybi
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 2, rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Claude Bobo
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 2, rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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94
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Protective effects of silymarin and curcumin on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:317-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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95
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Gao M, Zhao B, Chen M, Liu Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhang C. Nrf-2-driven long noncoding RNA ODRUL contributes to modulating silver nanoparticle-induced effects on erythroid cells. Biomaterials 2017; 130:14-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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96
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Grison CM, Burslem GM, Miles JA, Pilsl LKA, Yeo DJ, Imani Z, Warriner SL, Webb ME, Wilson AJ. Double quick, double click reversible peptide "stapling". Chem Sci 2017; 8:5166-5171. [PMID: 28970902 PMCID: PMC5618791 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation and bearing a functional handle for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is described.
The development of constrained peptides for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is an emerging strategy in chemical biology and drug discovery. This manuscript introduces a versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation using BID and RNase S peptides as models. Dibromomaleimide is used to constrain BID and RNase S peptide sequence variants bearing cysteine (Cys) or homocysteine (hCys) amino acids spaced at i and i + 4 positions by double substitution. The constraint can be readily removed by displacement of the maleimide using excess thiol. This new constraining methodology results in enhanced α-helical conformation (BID and RNase S peptide) as demonstrated by circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulations, resistance to proteolysis (BID) as demonstrated by trypsin proteolysis experiments and retained or enhanced potency of inhibition for Bcl-2 family protein–protein interactions (BID), or greater capability to restore the hydrolytic activity of the RNAse S protein (RNase S peptide). Finally, use of a dibromomaleimide functionalized with an alkyne permits further divergent functionalization through alkyne–azide cycloaddition chemistry on the constrained peptide with fluorescein, oligoethylene glycol or biotin groups to facilitate biophysical and cellular analyses. Hence this methodology may extend the scope and accessibility of peptide stapling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Grison
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - George M Burslem
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Ludwig K A Pilsl
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - David J Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Zeynab Imani
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Michael E Webb
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
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97
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Chen H, Huang RS, Yu XX, Ye Q, Pan LL, Shao GJ, Pan J. Emodin protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 renal tubular epithelial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:447-452. [PMID: 28672952 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of emodin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in HK-2 human renal tubular cells. In HK-2 cells subjected to H/R, it was observed that pre-treatment with emodin lead to an increase in cellular viability and a reduction in the rate of apoptosis and the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein/Bcl-2 ratio. H/R alone caused a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), relative to normoxic cells. In turn, parameters of oxidative stress were improved by emodin pre-treatment. In addition, emodin pre-treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by H/R (P<0.05). These data suggest that emodin may prevent H/R-induced apoptosis in human renal tubular cells through the regulation of cellular oxidative stress, MAPK activation and restoration of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Sheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Xian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueqing People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jian Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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98
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Luan S, Ge Q, Chen Y, Dai M, Yang J, Li K, Liu D, Zhao L. Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of N-substituted indole derivatives as novel Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1943-1948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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99
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Anasir MI, Caria S, Skinner MA, Kvansakul M. Structural basis of apoptosis inhibition by the fowlpox virus protein FPV039. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9010-9021. [PMID: 28411240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis of infected host cells is an important defense mechanism in response to viral infections. This process is regulated by proapoptotic and prosurvival members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family. To counter premature death of a virus-infected cell, poxviruses use a range of different molecular strategies including the mimicry of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. One such viral prosurvival protein is the fowlpox virus protein FPV039, which is a potent apoptosis inhibitor, but the precise molecular mechanism by which FPV039 inhibits apoptosis is unknown. To understand how fowlpox virus inhibits apoptosis, we examined FPV039 using isothermal titration calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray crystallography. Here, we report that the fowlpox virus prosurvival protein FPV039 promiscuously binds to cellular proapoptotic Bcl-2 and engages all major proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Unlike other identified viral Bcl-2 proteins to date, FPV039 engaged with cellular proapoptotic Bcl-2 with affinities comparable with those of Bcl-2's endogenous cellular counterparts. Structural studies revealed that FPV039 adopts the conserved Bcl-2 fold observed in cellular prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and closely mimics the structure of the prosurvival Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1. Our findings suggest that FPV039 is a pan-Bcl-2 protein inhibitor that can engage all host BH3-only proteins, as well as Bcl-2-associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax) and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak) proteins to inhibit premature apoptosis of an infected host cell. This work therefore provides a mechanistic platform to better understand FPV039-mediated apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
| | - Sofia Caria
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
| | - Michael A Skinner
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia and
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100
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Banjara S, Caria S, Dixon LK, Hinds MG, Kvansakul M. Structural Insight into African Swine Fever Virus A179L-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis. J Virol 2017; 91:e02228-16. [PMID: 28053104 PMCID: PMC5331815 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02228-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a tightly controlled process critical for the removal of damaged or infected cells. Pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are pivotal mediators of this process. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus, the only member of the Asfarviridae family, and harbors A179L, a putative Bcl-2 like protein. A179L has been shown to bind to several proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins; however, the hierarchy of binding and the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition are currently not understood. We systematically evaluated the ability of A179L to bind proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and show that A179L is the first antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein to bind to all major death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. We then defined the structural basis for apoptosis inhibition of A179L by determining the crystal structures of A179L bound to both Bid and Bax BH3 motifs. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding for the potent antiapoptotic activity of A179L by identifying it as the first panprodeath Bcl-2 binder and serve as a platform for more-detailed investigations into the role of A179L during ASFV infection.IMPORTANCE Numerous viruses have acquired strategies to subvert apoptosis by encoding proteins capable of sequestering proapoptotic host proteins. African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus and the only member of the Asfarviridae family, encodes the protein A179L, which functions to prevent apoptosis. We show that A179L is unusual among antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in being able to physically bind to all core death-inducing mammalian Bcl-2 proteins. Currently, little is known regarding the molecular interactions between A179L and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 members. Using the crystal structures of A179L bound to two of the identified proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, Bid and Bax, we now provide a three-dimensional (3D) view of how A179L sequesters host proapoptotic proteins, which is crucial for subverting premature host cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Banjara
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofia Caria
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mark G Hinds
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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